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Revision 1.88 by root, Thu Aug 21 23:48:35 2008 UTC vs.
Revision 1.177 by root, Sun Aug 9 00:24:35 2009 UTC

1	package AnyEvent::Handle;
2
3	no warnings;
4	use strict qw(subs vars);
5
6	use AnyEvent ();
7	use AnyEvent::Util qw(WSAEWOULDBLOCK);
8	use Scalar::Util ();
9	use Carp ();
10	use Fcntl ();
11	use Errno qw(EAGAIN EINTR);
12
13	=head1 NAME	1	=head1 NAME
14		2
15	AnyEvent::Handle - non-blocking I/O on file handles via AnyEvent	3	AnyEvent::Handle - non-blocking I/O on file handles via AnyEvent
16
17	=cut
18
19	our $VERSION = 4.233;
20		4
21	=head1 SYNOPSIS	5	=head1 SYNOPSIS
22		6
23	use AnyEvent;	7	use AnyEvent;
24	use AnyEvent::Handle;	8	use AnyEvent::Handle;
25		9
26	my $cv = AnyEvent->condvar;	10	my $cv = AnyEvent->condvar;
27		11
28	my $handle =	12	my $hdl; $hdl = new AnyEvent::Handle
29	AnyEvent::Handle->new (
30	fh => \*STDIN,	13	fh => \*STDIN,
31	on_eof => sub {	14	on_error => sub {
32	$cv->broadcast;	15	my ($hdl, $fatal, $msg) = @_;
33	},	16	warn "got error $msg\n";
		17	$hdl->destroy;
		18	$cv->send;
34	);	19	);
35		20
36	# send some request line	21	# send some request line
37	$handle->push_write ("getinfo\015\012");	22	$hdl->push_write ("getinfo\015\012");
38		23
39	# read the response line	24	# read the response line
40	$handle->push_read (line => sub {	25	$hdl->push_read (line => sub {
41	my ($handle, $line) = @_;	26	my ($hdl, $line) = @_;
42	warn "read line <$line>\n";	27	warn "got line <$line>\n";
43	$cv->send;	28	$cv->send;
44	});	29	});
45		30
46	$cv->recv;	31	$cv->recv;
47		32
48	=head1 DESCRIPTION	33	=head1 DESCRIPTION
49		34
50	This module is a helper module to make it easier to do event-based I/O on	35	This module is a helper module to make it easier to do event-based I/O on
51	filehandles. For utility functions for doing non-blocking connects and accepts	36	filehandles.
52	on sockets see L<AnyEvent::Util>.
53		37
54	The L<AnyEvent::Intro> tutorial contains some well-documented	38	The L<AnyEvent::Intro> tutorial contains some well-documented
55	AnyEvent::Handle examples.	39	AnyEvent::Handle examples.
56		40
57	In the following, when the documentation refers to of "bytes" then this	41	In the following, when the documentation refers to of "bytes" then this
58	means characters. As sysread and syswrite are used for all I/O, their	42	means characters. As sysread and syswrite are used for all I/O, their
59	treatment of characters applies to this module as well.	43	treatment of characters applies to this module as well.
60		44
		45	At the very minimum, you should specify C<fh> or C<connect>, and the
		46	C<on_error> callback.
		47
61	All callbacks will be invoked with the handle object as their first	48	All callbacks will be invoked with the handle object as their first
62	argument.	49	argument.
63		50
		51	=cut
		52
		53	package AnyEvent::Handle;
		54
		55	use Scalar::Util ();
		56	use List::Util ();
		57	use Carp ();
		58	use Errno qw(EAGAIN EINTR);
		59
		60	use AnyEvent (); BEGIN { AnyEvent::common_sense }
		61	use AnyEvent::Util qw(WSAEWOULDBLOCK);
		62
		63	our $VERSION = $AnyEvent::VERSION;
		64
64	=head1 METHODS	65	=head1 METHODS
65		66
66	=over 4	67	=over 4
67		68
68	=item B<new (%args)>	69	=item $handle = B<new> AnyEvent::TLS fh => $filehandle, key => value...
69		70
70	The constructor supports these arguments (all as key => value pairs).	71	The constructor supports these arguments (all as C<< key => value >> pairs).
71		72
72	=over 4	73	=over 4
73		74
74	=item fh => $filehandle [MANDATORY]	75	=item fh => $filehandle [C<fh> or C<connect> MANDATORY]
75		76
76	The filehandle this L<AnyEvent::Handle> object will operate on.	77	The filehandle this L<AnyEvent::Handle> object will operate on.
77
78	NOTE: The filehandle will be set to non-blocking mode (using	78	NOTE: The filehandle will be set to non-blocking mode (using
79	C<AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking>) by the constructor and needs to stay in	79	C<AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking>) by the constructor and needs to stay in
80	that mode.	80	that mode.
81		81
		82	=item connect => [$host, $service] [C<fh> or C<connect> MANDATORY]
		83
		84	Try to connect to the specified host and service (port), using
		85	C<AnyEvent::Socket::tcp_connect>. The C<$host> additionally becomes the
		86	default C<peername>.
		87
		88	You have to specify either this parameter, or C<fh>, above.
		89
		90	It is possible to push requests on the read and write queues, and modify
		91	properties of the stream, even while AnyEvent::Handle is connecting.
		92
		93	When this parameter is specified, then the C<on_prepare>,
		94	C<on_connect_error> and C<on_connect> callbacks will be called under the
		95	appropriate circumstances:
		96
		97	=over 4
		98
82	=item on_eof => $cb->($handle)	99	=item on_prepare => $cb->($handle)
83		100
84	Set the callback to be called when an end-of-file condition is detected,	101	This (rarely used) callback is called before a new connection is
85	i.e. in the case of a socket, when the other side has closed the	102	attempted, but after the file handle has been created. It could be used to
86	connection cleanly.	103	prepare the file handle with parameters required for the actual connect
		104	(as opposed to settings that can be changed when the connection is already
		105	established).
87		106
88	For sockets, this just means that the other side has stopped sending data,	107	The return value of this callback should be the connect timeout value in
89	you can still try to write data, and, in fact, one can return from the eof	108	seconds (or C<0>, or C<undef>, or the empty list, to indicate the default
90	callback and continue writing data, as only the read part has been shut	109	timeout is to be used).
91	down.
92		110
93	While not mandatory, it is I<highly> recommended to set an eof callback,	111	=item on_connect => $cb->($handle, $host, $port, $retry->())
94	otherwise you might end up with a closed socket while you are still
95	waiting for data.
96		112
97	If an EOF condition has been detected but no C<on_eof> callback has been	113	This callback is called when a connection has been successfully established.
98	set, then a fatal error will be raised with C<$!> set to <0>.
99		114
		115	The actual numeric host and port (the socket peername) are passed as
		116	parameters, together with a retry callback.
		117
		118	When, for some reason, the handle is not acceptable, then calling
		119	C<$retry> will continue with the next conenction target (in case of
		120	multi-homed hosts or SRV records there can be multiple connection
		121	endpoints). When it is called then the read and write queues, eof status,
		122	tls status and similar properties of the handle are being reset.
		123
		124	In most cases, ignoring the C<$retry> parameter is the way to go.
		125
		126	=item on_connect_error => $cb->($handle, $message)
		127
		128	This callback is called when the conenction could not be
		129	established. C<$!> will contain the relevant error code, and C<$message> a
		130	message describing it (usually the same as C<"$!">).
		131
		132	If this callback isn't specified, then C<on_error> will be called with a
		133	fatal error instead.
		134
		135	=back
		136
100	=item on_error => $cb->($handle, $fatal)	137	=item on_error => $cb->($handle, $fatal, $message)
101		138
102	This is the error callback, which is called when, well, some error	139	This is the error callback, which is called when, well, some error
103	occured, such as not being able to resolve the hostname, failure to	140	occured, such as not being able to resolve the hostname, failure to
104	connect or a read error.	141	connect or a read error.
105		142
106	Some errors are fatal (which is indicated by C<$fatal> being true). On	143	Some errors are fatal (which is indicated by C<$fatal> being true). On
107	fatal errors the handle object will be shut down and will not be usable	144	fatal errors the handle object will be destroyed (by a call to C<< ->
108	(but you are free to look at the current C<< ->rbuf >>). Examples of fatal	145	destroy >>) after invoking the error callback (which means you are free to
109	errors are an EOF condition with active (but unsatisifable) read watchers	146	examine the handle object). Examples of fatal errors are an EOF condition
110	(C<EPIPE>) or I/O errors.	147	with active (but unsatisifable) read watchers (C<EPIPE>) or I/O errors. In
		148	cases where the other side can close the connection at their will it is
		149	often easiest to not report C<EPIPE> errors in this callback.
		150
		151	AnyEvent::Handle tries to find an appropriate error code for you to check
		152	against, but in some cases (TLS errors), this does not work well. It is
		153	recommended to always output the C<$message> argument in human-readable
		154	error messages (it's usually the same as C<"$!">).
111		155
112	Non-fatal errors can be retried by simply returning, but it is recommended	156	Non-fatal errors can be retried by simply returning, but it is recommended
113	to simply ignore this parameter and instead abondon the handle object	157	to simply ignore this parameter and instead abondon the handle object
114	when this callback is invoked. Examples of non-fatal errors are timeouts	158	when this callback is invoked. Examples of non-fatal errors are timeouts
115	C<ETIMEDOUT>) or badly-formatted data (C<EBADMSG>).	159	C<ETIMEDOUT>) or badly-formatted data (C<EBADMSG>).
116		160
117	On callback entrance, the value of C<$!> contains the operating system	161	On callback entrance, the value of C<$!> contains the operating system
118	error (or C<ENOSPC>, C<EPIPE>, C<ETIMEDOUT> or C<EBADMSG>).	162	error code (or C<ENOSPC>, C<EPIPE>, C<ETIMEDOUT>, C<EBADMSG> or
		163	C<EPROTO>).
119		164
120	While not mandatory, it is I<highly> recommended to set this callback, as	165	While not mandatory, it is I<highly> recommended to set this callback, as
121	you will not be notified of errors otherwise. The default simply calls	166	you will not be notified of errors otherwise. The default simply calls
122	C<croak>.	167	C<croak>.
123		168
…		…
127	and no read request is in the queue (unlike read queue callbacks, this	172	and no read request is in the queue (unlike read queue callbacks, this
128	callback will only be called when at least one octet of data is in the	173	callback will only be called when at least one octet of data is in the
129	read buffer).	174	read buffer).
130		175
131	To access (and remove data from) the read buffer, use the C<< ->rbuf >>	176	To access (and remove data from) the read buffer, use the C<< ->rbuf >>
132	method or access the C<$handle->{rbuf}> member directly.	177	method or access the C<< $handle->{rbuf} >> member directly. Note that you
		178	must not enlarge or modify the read buffer, you can only remove data at
		179	the beginning from it.
133		180
134	When an EOF condition is detected then AnyEvent::Handle will first try to	181	When an EOF condition is detected then AnyEvent::Handle will first try to
135	feed all the remaining data to the queued callbacks and C<on_read> before	182	feed all the remaining data to the queued callbacks and C<on_read> before
136	calling the C<on_eof> callback. If no progress can be made, then a fatal	183	calling the C<on_eof> callback. If no progress can be made, then a fatal
137	error will be raised (with C<$!> set to C<EPIPE>).	184	error will be raised (with C<$!> set to C<EPIPE>).
		185
		186	Note that, unlike requests in the read queue, an C<on_read> callback
		187	doesn't mean you I<require> some data: if there is an EOF and there
		188	are outstanding read requests then an error will be flagged. With an
		189	C<on_read> callback, the C<on_eof> callback will be invoked.
		190
		191	=item on_eof => $cb->($handle)
		192
		193	Set the callback to be called when an end-of-file condition is detected,
		194	i.e. in the case of a socket, when the other side has closed the
		195	connection cleanly, and there are no outstanding read requests in the
		196	queue (if there are read requests, then an EOF counts as an unexpected
		197	connection close and will be flagged as an error).
		198
		199	For sockets, this just means that the other side has stopped sending data,
		200	you can still try to write data, and, in fact, one can return from the EOF
		201	callback and continue writing data, as only the read part has been shut
		202	down.
		203
		204	If an EOF condition has been detected but no C<on_eof> callback has been
		205	set, then a fatal error will be raised with C<$!> set to <0>.
138		206
139	=item on_drain => $cb->($handle)	207	=item on_drain => $cb->($handle)
140		208
141	This sets the callback that is called when the write buffer becomes empty	209	This sets the callback that is called when the write buffer becomes empty
142	(or when the callback is set and the buffer is empty already).	210	(or when the callback is set and the buffer is empty already).
…		…
149	memory and push it into the queue, but instead only read more data from	217	memory and push it into the queue, but instead only read more data from
150	the file when the write queue becomes empty.	218	the file when the write queue becomes empty.
151		219
152	=item timeout => $fractional_seconds	220	=item timeout => $fractional_seconds
153		221
		222	=item rtimeout => $fractional_seconds
		223
		224	=item wtimeout => $fractional_seconds
		225
154	If non-zero, then this enables an "inactivity" timeout: whenever this many	226	If non-zero, then these enables an "inactivity" timeout: whenever this
155	seconds pass without a successful read or write on the underlying file	227	many seconds pass without a successful read or write on the underlying
156	handle, the C<on_timeout> callback will be invoked (and if that one is	228	file handle (or a call to C<timeout_reset>), the C<on_timeout> callback
157	missing, a non-fatal C<ETIMEDOUT> error will be raised).	229	will be invoked (and if that one is missing, a non-fatal C<ETIMEDOUT>
		230	error will be raised).
		231
		232	There are three variants of the timeouts that work fully independent
		233	of each other, for both read and write, just read, and just write:
		234	C<timeout>, C<rtimeout> and C<wtimeout>, with corresponding callbacks
		235	C<on_timeout>, C<on_rtimeout> and C<on_wtimeout>, and reset functions
		236	C<timeout_reset>, C<rtimeout_reset>, and C<wtimeout_reset>.
158		237
159	Note that timeout processing is also active when you currently do not have	238	Note that timeout processing is also active when you currently do not have
160	any outstanding read or write requests: If you plan to keep the connection	239	any outstanding read or write requests: If you plan to keep the connection
161	idle then you should disable the timout temporarily or ignore the timeout	240	idle then you should disable the timout temporarily or ignore the timeout
162	in the C<on_timeout> callback, in which case AnyEvent::Handle will simply	241	in the C<on_timeout> callback, in which case AnyEvent::Handle will simply
…		…
232	write data and will install a watcher that will write this data to the	311	write data and will install a watcher that will write this data to the
233	socket. No errors will be reported (this mostly matches how the operating	312	socket. No errors will be reported (this mostly matches how the operating
234	system treats outstanding data at socket close time).	313	system treats outstanding data at socket close time).
235		314
236	This will not work for partial TLS data that could not be encoded	315	This will not work for partial TLS data that could not be encoded
237	yet. This data will be lost.	316	yet. This data will be lost. Calling the C<stoptls> method in time might
		317	help.
		318
		319	=item peername => $string
		320
		321	A string used to identify the remote site - usually the DNS hostname
		322	(I<not> IDN!) used to create the connection, rarely the IP address.
		323
		324	Apart from being useful in error messages, this string is also used in TLS
		325	peername verification (see C<verify_peername> in L<AnyEvent::TLS>). This
		326	verification will be skipped when C<peername> is not specified or
		327	C<undef>.
238		328
239	=item tls => "accept" | "connect" | Net::SSLeay::SSL object	329	=item tls => "accept" | "connect" | Net::SSLeay::SSL object
240		330
241	When this parameter is given, it enables TLS (SSL) mode, that means	331	When this parameter is given, it enables TLS (SSL) mode, that means
242	AnyEvent will start a TLS handshake as soon as the conenction has been	332	AnyEvent will start a TLS handshake as soon as the conenction has been
243	established and will transparently encrypt/decrypt data afterwards.	333	established and will transparently encrypt/decrypt data afterwards.
		334
		335	All TLS protocol errors will be signalled as C<EPROTO>, with an
		336	appropriate error message.
244		337
245	TLS mode requires Net::SSLeay to be installed (it will be loaded	338	TLS mode requires Net::SSLeay to be installed (it will be loaded
246	automatically when you try to create a TLS handle): this module doesn't	339	automatically when you try to create a TLS handle): this module doesn't
247	have a dependency on that module, so if your module requires it, you have	340	have a dependency on that module, so if your module requires it, you have
248	to add the dependency yourself.	341	to add the dependency yourself.
…		…
252	mode.	345	mode.
253		346
254	You can also provide your own TLS connection object, but you have	347	You can also provide your own TLS connection object, but you have
255	to make sure that you call either C<Net::SSLeay::set_connect_state>	348	to make sure that you call either C<Net::SSLeay::set_connect_state>
256	or C<Net::SSLeay::set_accept_state> on it before you pass it to	349	or C<Net::SSLeay::set_accept_state> on it before you pass it to
257	AnyEvent::Handle.	350	AnyEvent::Handle. Also, this module will take ownership of this connection
		351	object.
		352
		353	At some future point, AnyEvent::Handle might switch to another TLS
		354	implementation, then the option to use your own session object will go
		355	away.
		356
		357	B<IMPORTANT:> since Net::SSLeay "objects" are really only integers,
		358	passing in the wrong integer will lead to certain crash. This most often
		359	happens when one uses a stylish C<< tls => 1 >> and is surprised about the
		360	segmentation fault.
258		361
259	See the C<< ->starttls >> method for when need to start TLS negotiation later.	362	See the C<< ->starttls >> method for when need to start TLS negotiation later.
260		363
261	=item tls_ctx => $ssl_ctx	364	=item tls_ctx => $anyevent_tls
262		365
263	Use the given C<Net::SSLeay::CTX> object to create the new TLS connection	366	Use the given C<AnyEvent::TLS> object to create the new TLS connection
264	(unless a connection object was specified directly). If this parameter is	367	(unless a connection object was specified directly). If this parameter is
265	missing, then AnyEvent::Handle will use C<AnyEvent::Handle::TLS_CTX>.	368	missing, then AnyEvent::Handle will use C<AnyEvent::Handle::TLS_CTX>.
		369
		370	Instead of an object, you can also specify a hash reference with C<< key
		371	=> value >> pairs. Those will be passed to L<AnyEvent::TLS> to create a
		372	new TLS context object.
		373
		374	=item on_starttls => $cb->($handle, $success[, $error_message])
		375
		376	This callback will be invoked when the TLS/SSL handshake has finished. If
		377	C<$success> is true, then the TLS handshake succeeded, otherwise it failed
		378	(C<on_stoptls> will not be called in this case).
		379
		380	The session in C<< $handle->{tls} >> can still be examined in this
		381	callback, even when the handshake was not successful.
		382
		383	TLS handshake failures will not cause C<on_error> to be invoked when this
		384	callback is in effect, instead, the error message will be passed to C<on_starttls>.
		385
		386	Without this callback, handshake failures lead to C<on_error> being
		387	called, as normal.
		388
		389	Note that you cannot call C<starttls> right again in this callback. If you
		390	need to do that, start an zero-second timer instead whose callback can
		391	then call C<< ->starttls >> again.
		392
		393	=item on_stoptls => $cb->($handle)
		394
		395	When a SSLv3/TLS shutdown/close notify/EOF is detected and this callback is
		396	set, then it will be invoked after freeing the TLS session. If it is not,
		397	then a TLS shutdown condition will be treated like a normal EOF condition
		398	on the handle.
		399
		400	The session in C<< $handle->{tls} >> can still be examined in this
		401	callback.
		402
		403	This callback will only be called on TLS shutdowns, not when the
		404	underlying handle signals EOF.
266		405
267	=item json => JSON or JSON::XS object	406	=item json => JSON or JSON::XS object
268		407
269	This is the json coder object used by the C<json> read and write types.	408	This is the json coder object used by the C<json> read and write types.
270		409
…		…
273	texts.	412	texts.
274		413
275	Note that you are responsible to depend on the JSON module if you want to	414	Note that you are responsible to depend on the JSON module if you want to
276	use this functionality, as AnyEvent does not have a dependency itself.	415	use this functionality, as AnyEvent does not have a dependency itself.
277		416
278	=item filter_r => $cb
279
280	=item filter_w => $cb
281
282	These exist, but are undocumented at this time. (They are used internally
283	by the TLS code).
284
285	=back	417	=back
286		418
287	=cut	419	=cut
288		420
289	sub new {	421	sub new {
290	my $class = shift;	422	my $class = shift;
291
292	my $self = bless { @_ }, $class;	423	my $self = bless { @_ }, $class;
293		424
294	$self->{fh} or Carp::croak "mandatory argument fh is missing";	425	if ($self->{fh}) {
		426	$self->_start;
		427	return unless $self->{fh}; # could be gone by now
		428
		429	} elsif ($self->{connect}) {
		430	require AnyEvent::Socket;
		431
		432	$self->{peername} = $self->{connect}[0]
		433	unless exists $self->{peername};
		434
		435	$self->{_skip_drain_rbuf} = 1;
		436
		437	{
		438	Scalar::Util::weaken (my $self = $self);
		439
		440	$self->{_connect} =
		441	AnyEvent::Socket::tcp_connect (
		442	$self->{connect}[0],
		443	$self->{connect}[1],
		444	sub {
		445	my ($fh, $host, $port, $retry) = @_;
		446
		447	if ($fh) {
		448	$self->{fh} = $fh;
		449
		450	delete $self->{_skip_drain_rbuf};
		451	$self->_start;
		452
		453	$self->{on_connect}
		454	and $self->{on_connect}($self, $host, $port, sub {
		455	delete @$self{qw(fh _tw _ww _rw _eof _queue rbuf _wbuf tls _tls_rbuf _tls_wbuf)};
		456	$self->{_skip_drain_rbuf} = 1;
		457	&$retry;
		458	});
		459
		460	} else {
		461	if ($self->{on_connect_error}) {
		462	$self->{on_connect_error}($self, "$!");
		463	$self->destroy;
		464	} else {
		465	$self->_error ($!, 1);
		466	}
		467	}
		468	},
		469	sub {
		470	local $self->{fh} = $_[0];
		471
		472	$self->{on_prepare}
		473	? $self->{on_prepare}->($self)
		474	: ()
		475	}
		476	);
		477	}
		478
		479	} else {
		480	Carp::croak "AnyEvent::Handle: either an existing fh or the connect parameter must be specified";
		481	}
		482
		483	$self
		484	}
		485
		486	sub _start {
		487	my ($self) = @_;
295		488
296	AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking $self->{fh}, 1;	489	AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking $self->{fh}, 1;
297		490
298	if ($self->{tls}) {	491	$self->{_activity} =
299	require Net::SSLeay;	492	$self->{_ractivity} =
300	$self->starttls (delete $self->{tls}, delete $self->{tls_ctx});
301	}
302
303	$self->{_activity} = AnyEvent->now;	493	$self->{_wactivity} = AE::now;
304	$self->_timeout;
305		494
306	$self->on_drain (delete $self->{on_drain}) if exists $self->{on_drain};	495	$self->timeout (delete $self->{timeout} ) if $self->{timeout};
		496	$self->rtimeout (delete $self->{rtimeout}) if $self->{rtimeout};
		497	$self->wtimeout (delete $self->{wtimeout}) if $self->{wtimeout};
		498
307	$self->no_delay (delete $self->{no_delay}) if exists $self->{no_delay};	499	$self->no_delay (delete $self->{no_delay}) if exists $self->{no_delay};
308		500
		501	$self->starttls (delete $self->{tls}, delete $self->{tls_ctx})
		502	if $self->{tls};
		503
		504	$self->on_drain (delete $self->{on_drain}) if $self->{on_drain};
		505
309	$self->start_read	506	$self->start_read
310	if $self->{on_read};	507	if $self->{on_read} || @{ $self->{_queue} };
311		508
312	$self	509	$self->_drain_wbuf;
313	}	510	}
314		511
315	sub _shutdown {	512	#sub _shutdown {
316	my ($self) = @_;	513	# my ($self) = @_;
317		514	#
318	delete $self->{_tw};	515	# delete @$self{qw(_tw _rw _ww fh wbuf on_read _queue)};
319	delete $self->{_rw};	516	# $self->{_eof} = 1; # tell starttls et. al to stop trying
320	delete $self->{_ww};	517	#
321	delete $self->{fh};	518	# &_freetls;
322		519	#}
323	$self->stoptls;
324
325	delete $self->{on_read};
326	delete $self->{_queue};
327	}
328		520
329	sub _error {	521	sub _error {
330	my ($self, $errno, $fatal) = @_;	522	my ($self, $errno, $fatal, $message) = @_;
331
332	$self->_shutdown
333	if $fatal;
334		523
335	$! = $errno;	524	$! = $errno;
		525	$message ||= "$!";
336		526
337	if ($self->{on_error}) {	527	if ($self->{on_error}) {
338	$self->{on_error}($self, $fatal);	528	$self->{on_error}($self, $fatal, $message);
339	} else {	529	$self->destroy if $fatal;
		530	} elsif ($self->{fh}) {
		531	$self->destroy;
340	Carp::croak "AnyEvent::Handle uncaught error: $!";	532	Carp::croak "AnyEvent::Handle uncaught error: $message";
341	}	533	}
342	}	534	}
343		535
344	=item $fh = $handle->fh	536	=item $fh = $handle->fh
345		537
…		…
369	$_[0]{on_eof} = $_[1];	561	$_[0]{on_eof} = $_[1];
370	}	562	}
371		563
372	=item $handle->on_timeout ($cb)	564	=item $handle->on_timeout ($cb)
373		565
374	Replace the current C<on_timeout> callback, or disables the callback (but	566	=item $handle->on_rtimeout ($cb)
375	not the timeout) if C<$cb> = C<undef>. See the C<timeout> constructor
376	argument and method.
377		567
378	=cut	568	=item $handle->on_wtimeout ($cb)
379		569
380	sub on_timeout {	570	Replace the current C<on_timeout>, C<on_rtimeout> or C<on_wtimeout>
381	$_[0]{on_timeout} = $_[1];	571	callback, or disables the callback (but not the timeout) if C<$cb> =
382	}	572	C<undef>. See the C<timeout> constructor argument and method.
		573
		574	=cut
		575
		576	# see below
383		577
384	=item $handle->autocork ($boolean)	578	=item $handle->autocork ($boolean)
385		579
386	Enables or disables the current autocork behaviour (see C<autocork>	580	Enables or disables the current autocork behaviour (see C<autocork>
387	constructor argument).	581	constructor argument). Changes will only take effect on the next write.
388		582
389	=cut	583	=cut
		584
		585	sub autocork {
		586	$_[0]{autocork} = $_[1];
		587	}
390		588
391	=item $handle->no_delay ($boolean)	589	=item $handle->no_delay ($boolean)
392		590
393	Enables or disables the C<no_delay> setting (see constructor argument of	591	Enables or disables the C<no_delay> setting (see constructor argument of
394	the same name for details).	592	the same name for details).
…		…
398	sub no_delay {	596	sub no_delay {
399	$_[0]{no_delay} = $_[1];	597	$_[0]{no_delay} = $_[1];
400		598
401	eval {	599	eval {
402	local $SIG{__DIE__};	600	local $SIG{__DIE__};
403	setsockopt $_[0]{fh}, &Socket::IPPROTO_TCP, &Socket::TCP_NODELAY, int $_[1];	601	setsockopt $_[0]{fh}, &Socket::IPPROTO_TCP, &Socket::TCP_NODELAY, int $_[1]
		602	if $_[0]{fh};
404	};	603	};
405	}	604	}
406		605
		606	=item $handle->on_starttls ($cb)
		607
		608	Replace the current C<on_starttls> callback (see the C<on_starttls> constructor argument).
		609
		610	=cut
		611
		612	sub on_starttls {
		613	$_[0]{on_starttls} = $_[1];
		614	}
		615
		616	=item $handle->on_stoptls ($cb)
		617
		618	Replace the current C<on_stoptls> callback (see the C<on_stoptls> constructor argument).
		619
		620	=cut
		621
		622	sub on_starttls {
		623	$_[0]{on_stoptls} = $_[1];
		624	}
		625
		626	=item $handle->rbuf_max ($max_octets)
		627
		628	Configures the C<rbuf_max> setting (C<undef> disables it).
		629
		630	=cut
		631
		632	sub rbuf_max {
		633	$_[0]{rbuf_max} = $_[1];
		634	}
		635
407	#############################################################################	636	#############################################################################
408		637
409	=item $handle->timeout ($seconds)	638	=item $handle->timeout ($seconds)
410		639
		640	=item $handle->rtimeout ($seconds)
		641
		642	=item $handle->wtimeout ($seconds)
		643
411	Configures (or disables) the inactivity timeout.	644	Configures (or disables) the inactivity timeout.
412		645
413	=cut	646	=item $handle->timeout_reset
414		647
415	sub timeout {	648	=item $handle->rtimeout_reset
		649
		650	=item $handle->wtimeout_reset
		651
		652	Reset the activity timeout, as if data was received or sent.
		653
		654	These methods are cheap to call.
		655
		656	=cut
		657
		658	for my $dir ("", "r", "w") {
		659	my $timeout = "${dir}timeout";
		660	my $tw = "_${dir}tw";
		661	my $on_timeout = "on_${dir}timeout";
		662	my $activity = "_${dir}activity";
		663	my $cb;
		664
		665	*$on_timeout = sub {
		666	$_[0]{$on_timeout} = $_[1];
		667	};
		668
		669	*$timeout = sub {
416	my ($self, $timeout) = @_;	670	my ($self, $new_value) = @_;
417		671
418	$self->{timeout} = $timeout;	672	$self->{$timeout} = $new_value;
419	$self->_timeout;	673	delete $self->{$tw}; &$cb;
420	}	674	};
421		675
		676	*{"${dir}timeout_reset"} = sub {
		677	$_[0]{$activity} = AE::now;
		678	};
		679
		680	# main workhorse:
422	# reset the timeout watcher, as neccessary	681	# reset the timeout watcher, as neccessary
423	# also check for time-outs	682	# also check for time-outs
424	sub _timeout {	683	$cb = sub {
425	my ($self) = @_;	684	my ($self) = @_;
426		685
427	if ($self->{timeout}) {	686	if ($self->{$timeout} && $self->{fh}) {
428	my $NOW = AnyEvent->now;	687	my $NOW = AE::now;
429		688
430	# when would the timeout trigger?	689	# when would the timeout trigger?
431	my $after = $self->{_activity} + $self->{timeout} - $NOW;	690	my $after = $self->{$activity} + $self->{$timeout} - $NOW;
432		691
433	# now or in the past already?	692	# now or in the past already?
434	if ($after <= 0) {	693	if ($after <= 0) {
435	$self->{_activity} = $NOW;	694	$self->{$activity} = $NOW;
436		695
437	if ($self->{on_timeout}) {	696	if ($self->{$on_timeout}) {
438	$self->{on_timeout}($self);	697	$self->{$on_timeout}($self);
439	} else {	698	} else {
440	$self->_error (&Errno::ETIMEDOUT);	699	$self->_error (Errno::ETIMEDOUT);
		700	}
		701
		702	# callback could have changed timeout value, optimise
		703	return unless $self->{$timeout};
		704
		705	# calculate new after
		706	$after = $self->{$timeout};
441	}	707	}
442		708
443	# callback could have changed timeout value, optimise	709	Scalar::Util::weaken $self;
444	return unless $self->{timeout};	710	return unless $self; # ->error could have destroyed $self
445		711
446	# calculate new after	712	$self->{$tw} ||= AE::timer $after, 0, sub {
447	$after = $self->{timeout};	713	delete $self->{$tw};
		714	$cb->($self);
		715	};
		716	} else {
		717	delete $self->{$tw};
448	}	718	}
449
450	Scalar::Util::weaken $self;
451	return unless $self; # ->error could have destroyed $self
452
453	$self->{_tw} ||= AnyEvent->timer (after => $after, cb => sub {
454	delete $self->{_tw};
455	$self->_timeout;
456	});
457	} else {
458	delete $self->{_tw};
459	}	719	}
460	}	720	}
461		721
462	#############################################################################	722	#############################################################################
463		723
…		…
487	my ($self, $cb) = @_;	747	my ($self, $cb) = @_;
488		748
489	$self->{on_drain} = $cb;	749	$self->{on_drain} = $cb;
490		750
491	$cb->($self)	751	$cb->($self)
492	if $cb && $self->{low_water_mark} >= length $self->{wbuf};	752	if $cb && $self->{low_water_mark} >= (length $self->{wbuf}) + (length $self->{_tls_wbuf});
493	}	753	}
494		754
495	=item $handle->push_write ($data)	755	=item $handle->push_write ($data)
496		756
497	Queues the given scalar to be written. You can push as much data as you	757	Queues the given scalar to be written. You can push as much data as you
…		…
508	Scalar::Util::weaken $self;	768	Scalar::Util::weaken $self;
509		769
510	my $cb = sub {	770	my $cb = sub {
511	my $len = syswrite $self->{fh}, $self->{wbuf};	771	my $len = syswrite $self->{fh}, $self->{wbuf};
512		772
513	if ($len >= 0) {	773	if (defined $len) {
514	substr $self->{wbuf}, 0, $len, "";	774	substr $self->{wbuf}, 0, $len, "";
515		775
516	$self->{_activity} = AnyEvent->now;	776	$self->{_activity} = $self->{_wactivity} = AE::now;
517		777
518	$self->{on_drain}($self)	778	$self->{on_drain}($self)
519	if $self->{low_water_mark} >= length $self->{wbuf}	779	if $self->{low_water_mark} >= (length $self->{wbuf}) + (length $self->{_tls_wbuf})
520	&& $self->{on_drain};	780	&& $self->{on_drain};
521		781
522	delete $self->{_ww} unless length $self->{wbuf};	782	delete $self->{_ww} unless length $self->{wbuf};
523	} elsif ($! != EAGAIN && $! != EINTR && $! != WSAEWOULDBLOCK) {	783	} elsif ($! != EAGAIN && $! != EINTR && $! != WSAEWOULDBLOCK) {
524	$self->_error ($!, 1);	784	$self->_error ($!, 1);
…		…
527		787
528	# try to write data immediately	788	# try to write data immediately
529	$cb->() unless $self->{autocork};	789	$cb->() unless $self->{autocork};
530		790
531	# if still data left in wbuf, we need to poll	791	# if still data left in wbuf, we need to poll
532	$self->{_ww} = AnyEvent->io (fh => $self->{fh}, poll => "w", cb => $cb)	792	$self->{_ww} = AE::io $self->{fh}, 1, $cb
533	if length $self->{wbuf};	793	if length $self->{wbuf};
534	};	794	};
535	}	795	}
536		796
537	our %WH;	797	our %WH;
…		…
548		808
549	@_ = ($WH{$type} or Carp::croak "unsupported type passed to AnyEvent::Handle::push_write")	809	@_ = ($WH{$type} or Carp::croak "unsupported type passed to AnyEvent::Handle::push_write")
550	->($self, @_);	810	->($self, @_);
551	}	811	}
552		812
553	if ($self->{filter_w}) {	813	if ($self->{tls}) {
554	$self->{filter_w}($self, \$_[0]);	814	$self->{_tls_wbuf} .= $_[0];
		815	&_dotls ($self) if $self->{fh};
555	} else {	816	} else {
556	$self->{wbuf} .= $_[0];	817	$self->{wbuf} .= $_[0];
557	$self->_drain_wbuf;	818	$self->_drain_wbuf if $self->{fh};
558	}	819	}
559	}	820	}
560		821
561	=item $handle->push_write (type => @args)	822	=item $handle->push_write (type => @args)
562		823
…		…
576	=cut	837	=cut
577		838
578	register_write_type netstring => sub {	839	register_write_type netstring => sub {
579	my ($self, $string) = @_;	840	my ($self, $string) = @_;
580		841
581	sprintf "%d:%s,", (length $string), $string	842	(length $string) . ":$string,"
582	};	843	};
583		844
584	=item packstring => $format, $data	845	=item packstring => $format, $data
585		846
586	An octet string prefixed with an encoded length. The encoding C<$format>	847	An octet string prefixed with an encoded length. The encoding C<$format>
…		…
651		912
652	pack "w/a*", Storable::nfreeze ($ref)	913	pack "w/a*", Storable::nfreeze ($ref)
653	};	914	};
654		915
655	=back	916	=back
		917
		918	=item $handle->push_shutdown
		919
		920	Sometimes you know you want to close the socket after writing your data
		921	before it was actually written. One way to do that is to replace your
		922	C<on_drain> handler by a callback that shuts down the socket (and set
		923	C<low_water_mark> to C<0>). This method is a shorthand for just that, and
		924	replaces the C<on_drain> callback with:
		925
		926	sub { shutdown $_[0]{fh}, 1 } # for push_shutdown
		927
		928	This simply shuts down the write side and signals an EOF condition to the
		929	the peer.
		930
		931	You can rely on the normal read queue and C<on_eof> handling
		932	afterwards. This is the cleanest way to close a connection.
		933
		934	=cut
		935
		936	sub push_shutdown {
		937	my ($self) = @_;
		938
		939	delete $self->{low_water_mark};
		940	$self->on_drain (sub { shutdown $_[0]{fh}, 1 });
		941	}
656		942
657	=item AnyEvent::Handle::register_write_type type => $coderef->($handle, @args)	943	=item AnyEvent::Handle::register_write_type type => $coderef->($handle, @args)
658		944
659	This function (not method) lets you add your own types to C<push_write>.	945	This function (not method) lets you add your own types to C<push_write>.
660	Whenever the given C<type> is used, C<push_write> will invoke the code	946	Whenever the given C<type> is used, C<push_write> will invoke the code
…		…
754	=cut	1040	=cut
755		1041
756	sub _drain_rbuf {	1042	sub _drain_rbuf {
757	my ($self) = @_;	1043	my ($self) = @_;
758		1044
		1045	# avoid recursion
		1046	return if $self->{_skip_drain_rbuf};
759	local $self->{_in_drain} = 1;	1047	local $self->{_skip_drain_rbuf} = 1;
760
761	if (
762	defined $self->{rbuf_max}
763	&& $self->{rbuf_max} < length $self->{rbuf}
764	) {
765	$self->_error (&Errno::ENOSPC, 1), return;
766	}
767		1048
768	while () {	1049	while () {
		1050	# we need to use a separate tls read buffer, as we must not receive data while
		1051	# we are draining the buffer, and this can only happen with TLS.
		1052	$self->{rbuf} .= delete $self->{_tls_rbuf}
		1053	if exists $self->{_tls_rbuf};
		1054
769	my $len = length $self->{rbuf};	1055	my $len = length $self->{rbuf};
770		1056
771	if (my $cb = shift @{ $self->{_queue} }) {	1057	if (my $cb = shift @{ $self->{_queue} }) {
772	unless ($cb->($self)) {	1058	unless ($cb->($self)) {
773	if ($self->{_eof}) {	1059	# no progress can be made
774	# no progress can be made (not enough data and no data forthcoming)	1060	# (not enough data and no data forthcoming)
775	$self->_error (&Errno::EPIPE, 1), return;	1061	$self->_error (Errno::EPIPE, 1), return
776	}	1062	if $self->{_eof};
777		1063
778	unshift @{ $self->{_queue} }, $cb;	1064	unshift @{ $self->{_queue} }, $cb;
779	last;	1065	last;
780	}	1066	}
781	} elsif ($self->{on_read}) {	1067	} elsif ($self->{on_read}) {
…		…
788	&& !@{ $self->{_queue} } # and the queue is still empty	1074	&& !@{ $self->{_queue} } # and the queue is still empty
789	&& $self->{on_read} # but we still have on_read	1075	&& $self->{on_read} # but we still have on_read
790	) {	1076	) {
791	# no further data will arrive	1077	# no further data will arrive
792	# so no progress can be made	1078	# so no progress can be made
793	$self->_error (&Errno::EPIPE, 1), return	1079	$self->_error (Errno::EPIPE, 1), return
794	if $self->{_eof};	1080	if $self->{_eof};
795		1081
796	last; # more data might arrive	1082	last; # more data might arrive
797	}	1083	}
798	} else {	1084	} else {
799	# read side becomes idle	1085	# read side becomes idle
800	delete $self->{_rw};	1086	delete $self->{_rw} unless $self->{tls};
801	last;	1087	last;
802	}	1088	}
803	}	1089	}
804		1090
805	if ($self->{_eof}) {	1091	if ($self->{_eof}) {
806	if ($self->{on_eof}) {	1092	$self->{on_eof}
807	$self->{on_eof}($self)	1093	? $self->{on_eof}($self)
808	} else {	1094	: $self->_error (0, 1, "Unexpected end-of-file");
809	$self->_error (0, 1);	1095
810	}	1096	return;
		1097	}
		1098
		1099	if (
		1100	defined $self->{rbuf_max}
		1101	&& $self->{rbuf_max} < length $self->{rbuf}
		1102	) {
		1103	$self->_error (Errno::ENOSPC, 1), return;
811	}	1104	}
812		1105
813	# may need to restart read watcher	1106	# may need to restart read watcher
814	unless ($self->{_rw}) {	1107	unless ($self->{_rw}) {
815	$self->start_read	1108	$self->start_read
…		…
827		1120
828	sub on_read {	1121	sub on_read {
829	my ($self, $cb) = @_;	1122	my ($self, $cb) = @_;
830		1123
831	$self->{on_read} = $cb;	1124	$self->{on_read} = $cb;
832	$self->_drain_rbuf if $cb && !$self->{_in_drain};	1125	$self->_drain_rbuf if $cb;
833	}	1126	}
834		1127
835	=item $handle->rbuf	1128	=item $handle->rbuf
836		1129
837	Returns the read buffer (as a modifiable lvalue).	1130	Returns the read buffer (as a modifiable lvalue).
838		1131
839	You can access the read buffer directly as the C<< ->{rbuf} >> member, if	1132	You can access the read buffer directly as the C<< ->{rbuf} >>
840	you want.	1133	member, if you want. However, the only operation allowed on the
		1134	read buffer (apart from looking at it) is removing data from its
		1135	beginning. Otherwise modifying or appending to it is not allowed and will
		1136	lead to hard-to-track-down bugs.
841		1137
842	NOTE: The read buffer should only be used or modified if the C<on_read>,	1138	NOTE: The read buffer should only be used or modified if the C<on_read>,
843	C<push_read> or C<unshift_read> methods are used. The other read methods	1139	C<push_read> or C<unshift_read> methods are used. The other read methods
844	automatically manage the read buffer.	1140	automatically manage the read buffer.
845		1141
…		…
886	$cb = ($RH{$type} or Carp::croak "unsupported type passed to AnyEvent::Handle::push_read")	1182	$cb = ($RH{$type} or Carp::croak "unsupported type passed to AnyEvent::Handle::push_read")
887	->($self, $cb, @_);	1183	->($self, $cb, @_);
888	}	1184	}
889		1185
890	push @{ $self->{_queue} }, $cb;	1186	push @{ $self->{_queue} }, $cb;
891	$self->_drain_rbuf unless $self->{_in_drain};	1187	$self->_drain_rbuf;
892	}	1188	}
893		1189
894	sub unshift_read {	1190	sub unshift_read {
895	my $self = shift;	1191	my $self = shift;
896	my $cb = pop;	1192	my $cb = pop;
…		…
902	->($self, $cb, @_);	1198	->($self, $cb, @_);
903	}	1199	}
904		1200
905		1201
906	unshift @{ $self->{_queue} }, $cb;	1202	unshift @{ $self->{_queue} }, $cb;
907	$self->_drain_rbuf unless $self->{_in_drain};	1203	$self->_drain_rbuf;
908	}	1204	}
909		1205
910	=item $handle->push_read (type => @args, $cb)	1206	=item $handle->push_read (type => @args, $cb)
911		1207
912	=item $handle->unshift_read (type => @args, $cb)	1208	=item $handle->unshift_read (type => @args, $cb)
…		…
1045	return 1;	1341	return 1;
1046	}	1342	}
1047		1343
1048	# reject	1344	# reject
1049	if ($reject && $$rbuf =~ $reject) {	1345	if ($reject && $$rbuf =~ $reject) {
1050	$self->_error (&Errno::EBADMSG);	1346	$self->_error (Errno::EBADMSG);
1051	}	1347	}
1052		1348
1053	# skip	1349	# skip
1054	if ($skip && $$rbuf =~ $skip) {	1350	if ($skip && $$rbuf =~ $skip) {
1055	$data .= substr $$rbuf, 0, $+[0], "";	1351	$data .= substr $$rbuf, 0, $+[0], "";
…		…
1071	my ($self, $cb) = @_;	1367	my ($self, $cb) = @_;
1072		1368
1073	sub {	1369	sub {
1074	unless ($_[0]{rbuf} =~ s/^(0|[1-9][0-9]*)://) {	1370	unless ($_[0]{rbuf} =~ s/^(0|[1-9][0-9]*)://) {
1075	if ($_[0]{rbuf} =~ /[^0-9]/) {	1371	if ($_[0]{rbuf} =~ /[^0-9]/) {
1076	$self->_error (&Errno::EBADMSG);	1372	$self->_error (Errno::EBADMSG);
1077	}	1373	}
1078	return;	1374	return;
1079	}	1375	}
1080		1376
1081	my $len = $1;	1377	my $len = $1;
…		…
1084	my $string = $_[1];	1380	my $string = $_[1];
1085	$_[0]->unshift_read (chunk => 1, sub {	1381	$_[0]->unshift_read (chunk => 1, sub {
1086	if ($_[1] eq ",") {	1382	if ($_[1] eq ",") {
1087	$cb->($_[0], $string);	1383	$cb->($_[0], $string);
1088	} else {	1384	} else {
1089	$self->_error (&Errno::EBADMSG);	1385	$self->_error (Errno::EBADMSG);
1090	}	1386	}
1091	});	1387	});
1092	});	1388	});
1093		1389
1094	1	1390	1
…		…
1100	An octet string prefixed with an encoded length. The encoding C<$format>	1396	An octet string prefixed with an encoded length. The encoding C<$format>
1101	uses the same format as a Perl C<pack> format, but must specify a single	1397	uses the same format as a Perl C<pack> format, but must specify a single
1102	integer only (only one of C<cCsSlLqQiInNvVjJw> is allowed, plus an	1398	integer only (only one of C<cCsSlLqQiInNvVjJw> is allowed, plus an
1103	optional C<!>, C<< < >> or C<< > >> modifier).	1399	optional C<!>, C<< < >> or C<< > >> modifier).
1104		1400
1105	DNS over TCP uses a prefix of C<n>, EPP uses a prefix of C<N>.	1401	For example, DNS over TCP uses a prefix of C<n> (2 octet network order),
		1402	EPP uses a prefix of C<N> (4 octtes).
1106		1403
1107	Example: read a block of data prefixed by its length in BER-encoded	1404	Example: read a block of data prefixed by its length in BER-encoded
1108	format (very efficient).	1405	format (very efficient).
1109		1406
1110	$handle->push_read (packstring => "w", sub {	1407	$handle->push_read (packstring => "w", sub {
…		…
1140	}	1437	}
1141	};	1438	};
1142		1439
1143	=item json => $cb->($handle, $hash_or_arrayref)	1440	=item json => $cb->($handle, $hash_or_arrayref)
1144		1441
1145	Reads a JSON object or array, decodes it and passes it to the callback.	1442	Reads a JSON object or array, decodes it and passes it to the
		1443	callback. When a parse error occurs, an C<EBADMSG> error will be raised.
1146		1444
1147	If a C<json> object was passed to the constructor, then that will be used	1445	If a C<json> object was passed to the constructor, then that will be used
1148	for the final decode, otherwise it will create a JSON coder expecting UTF-8.	1446	for the final decode, otherwise it will create a JSON coder expecting UTF-8.
1149		1447
1150	This read type uses the incremental parser available with JSON version	1448	This read type uses the incremental parser available with JSON version
…		…
1159	=cut	1457	=cut
1160		1458
1161	register_read_type json => sub {	1459	register_read_type json => sub {
1162	my ($self, $cb) = @_;	1460	my ($self, $cb) = @_;
1163		1461
1164	require JSON;	1462	my $json = $self->{json} ||=
		1463	eval { require JSON::XS; JSON::XS->new->utf8 }
		1464	|| do { require JSON; JSON->new->utf8 };
1165		1465
1166	my $data;	1466	my $data;
1167	my $rbuf = \$self->{rbuf};	1467	my $rbuf = \$self->{rbuf};
1168		1468
1169	my $json = $self->{json} ||= JSON->new->utf8;
1170
1171	sub {	1469	sub {
1172	my $ref = $json->incr_parse ($self->{rbuf});	1470	my $ref = eval { $json->incr_parse ($self->{rbuf}) };
1173		1471
1174	if ($ref) {	1472	if ($ref) {
1175	$self->{rbuf} = $json->incr_text;	1473	$self->{rbuf} = $json->incr_text;
1176	$json->incr_text = "";	1474	$json->incr_text = "";
1177	$cb->($self, $ref);	1475	$cb->($self, $ref);
1178		1476
1179	1	1477	1
		1478	} elsif ($@) {
		1479	# error case
		1480	$json->incr_skip;
		1481
		1482	$self->{rbuf} = $json->incr_text;
		1483	$json->incr_text = "";
		1484
		1485	$self->_error (Errno::EBADMSG);
		1486
		1487	()
1180	} else {	1488	} else {
1181	$self->{rbuf} = "";	1489	$self->{rbuf} = "";
		1490
1182	()	1491	()
1183	}	1492	}
1184	}	1493	}
1185	};	1494	};
1186		1495
…		…
1218	# read remaining chunk	1527	# read remaining chunk
1219	$_[0]->unshift_read (chunk => $len, sub {	1528	$_[0]->unshift_read (chunk => $len, sub {
1220	if (my $ref = eval { Storable::thaw ($_[1]) }) {	1529	if (my $ref = eval { Storable::thaw ($_[1]) }) {
1221	$cb->($_[0], $ref);	1530	$cb->($_[0], $ref);
1222	} else {	1531	} else {
1223	$self->_error (&Errno::EBADMSG);	1532	$self->_error (Errno::EBADMSG);
1224	}	1533	}
1225	});	1534	});
1226	}	1535	}
1227		1536
1228	1	1537	1
…		…
1263	Note that AnyEvent::Handle will automatically C<start_read> for you when	1572	Note that AnyEvent::Handle will automatically C<start_read> for you when
1264	you change the C<on_read> callback or push/unshift a read callback, and it	1573	you change the C<on_read> callback or push/unshift a read callback, and it
1265	will automatically C<stop_read> for you when neither C<on_read> is set nor	1574	will automatically C<stop_read> for you when neither C<on_read> is set nor
1266	there are any read requests in the queue.	1575	there are any read requests in the queue.
1267		1576
		1577	These methods will have no effect when in TLS mode (as TLS doesn't support
		1578	half-duplex connections).
		1579
1268	=cut	1580	=cut
1269		1581
1270	sub stop_read {	1582	sub stop_read {
1271	my ($self) = @_;	1583	my ($self) = @_;
1272		1584
1273	delete $self->{_rw};	1585	delete $self->{_rw} unless $self->{tls};
1274	}	1586	}
1275		1587
1276	sub start_read {	1588	sub start_read {
1277	my ($self) = @_;	1589	my ($self) = @_;
1278		1590
1279	unless ($self->{_rw} || $self->{_eof}) {	1591	unless ($self->{_rw} || $self->{_eof}) {
1280	Scalar::Util::weaken $self;	1592	Scalar::Util::weaken $self;
1281		1593
1282	$self->{_rw} = AnyEvent->io (fh => $self->{fh}, poll => "r", cb => sub {	1594	$self->{_rw} = AE::io $self->{fh}, 0, sub {
1283	my $rbuf = $self->{filter_r} ? \my $buf : \$self->{rbuf};	1595	my $rbuf = \($self->{tls} ? my $buf : $self->{rbuf});
1284	my $len = sysread $self->{fh}, $$rbuf, $self->{read_size} || 8192, length $$rbuf;	1596	my $len = sysread $self->{fh}, $$rbuf, $self->{read_size} || 8192, length $$rbuf;
1285		1597
1286	if ($len > 0) {	1598	if ($len > 0) {
1287	$self->{_activity} = AnyEvent->now;	1599	$self->{_activity} = $self->{_ractivity} = AE::now;
1288		1600
1289	$self->{filter_r}	1601	if ($self->{tls}) {
1290	? $self->{filter_r}($self, $rbuf)	1602	Net::SSLeay::BIO_write ($self->{_rbio}, $$rbuf);
1291	: $self->{_in_drain} || $self->_drain_rbuf;	1603
		1604	&_dotls ($self);
		1605	} else {
		1606	$self->_drain_rbuf;
		1607	}
1292		1608
1293	} elsif (defined $len) {	1609	} elsif (defined $len) {
1294	delete $self->{_rw};	1610	delete $self->{_rw};
1295	$self->{_eof} = 1;	1611	$self->{_eof} = 1;
1296	$self->_drain_rbuf unless $self->{_in_drain};	1612	$self->_drain_rbuf;
1297		1613
1298	} elsif ($! != EAGAIN && $! != EINTR && $! != WSAEWOULDBLOCK) {	1614	} elsif ($! != EAGAIN && $! != EINTR && $! != WSAEWOULDBLOCK) {
1299	return $self->_error ($!, 1);	1615	return $self->_error ($!, 1);
1300	}	1616	}
1301	});	1617	};
1302	}	1618	}
1303	}	1619	}
1304		1620
		1621	our $ERROR_SYSCALL;
		1622	our $ERROR_WANT_READ;
		1623
		1624	sub _tls_error {
		1625	my ($self, $err) = @_;
		1626
		1627	return $self->_error ($!, 1)
		1628	if $err == Net::SSLeay::ERROR_SYSCALL ();
		1629
		1630	my $err =Net::SSLeay::ERR_error_string (Net::SSLeay::ERR_get_error ());
		1631
		1632	# reduce error string to look less scary
		1633	$err =~ s/^error:[0-9a-fA-F]{8}:[^:]+:([^:]+):/\L$1: /;
		1634
		1635	if ($self->{_on_starttls}) {
		1636	(delete $self->{_on_starttls})->($self, undef, $err);
		1637	&_freetls;
		1638	} else {
		1639	&_freetls;
		1640	$self->_error (Errno::EPROTO, 1, $err);
		1641	}
		1642	}
		1643
		1644	# poll the write BIO and send the data if applicable
		1645	# also decode read data if possible
		1646	# this is basiclaly our TLS state machine
		1647	# more efficient implementations are possible with openssl,
		1648	# but not with the buggy and incomplete Net::SSLeay.
1305	sub _dotls {	1649	sub _dotls {
1306	my ($self) = @_;	1650	my ($self) = @_;
1307		1651
1308	my $buf;	1652	my $tmp;
1309		1653
1310	if (length $self->{_tls_wbuf}) {	1654	if (length $self->{_tls_wbuf}) {
1311	while ((my $len = Net::SSLeay::write ($self->{tls}, $self->{_tls_wbuf})) > 0) {	1655	while (($tmp = Net::SSLeay::write ($self->{tls}, $self->{_tls_wbuf})) > 0) {
1312	substr $self->{_tls_wbuf}, 0, $len, "";	1656	substr $self->{_tls_wbuf}, 0, $tmp, "";
1313	}	1657	}
1314	}
1315		1658
		1659	$tmp = Net::SSLeay::get_error ($self->{tls}, $tmp);
		1660	return $self->_tls_error ($tmp)
		1661	if $tmp != $ERROR_WANT_READ
		1662	&& ($tmp != $ERROR_SYSCALL || $!);
		1663	}
		1664
		1665	while (defined ($tmp = Net::SSLeay::read ($self->{tls}))) {
		1666	unless (length $tmp) {
		1667	$self->{_on_starttls}
		1668	and (delete $self->{_on_starttls})->($self, undef, "EOF during handshake"); # ???
		1669	&_freetls;
		1670
		1671	if ($self->{on_stoptls}) {
		1672	$self->{on_stoptls}($self);
		1673	return;
		1674	} else {
		1675	# let's treat SSL-eof as we treat normal EOF
		1676	delete $self->{_rw};
		1677	$self->{_eof} = 1;
		1678	}
		1679	}
		1680
		1681	$self->{_tls_rbuf} .= $tmp;
		1682	$self->_drain_rbuf;
		1683	$self->{tls} or return; # tls session might have gone away in callback
		1684	}
		1685
		1686	$tmp = Net::SSLeay::get_error ($self->{tls}, -1);
		1687	return $self->_tls_error ($tmp)
		1688	if $tmp != $ERROR_WANT_READ
		1689	&& ($tmp != $ERROR_SYSCALL || $!);
		1690
1316	if (length ($buf = Net::SSLeay::BIO_read ($self->{_wbio}))) {	1691	while (length ($tmp = Net::SSLeay::BIO_read ($self->{_wbio}))) {
1317	$self->{wbuf} .= $buf;	1692	$self->{wbuf} .= $tmp;
1318	$self->_drain_wbuf;	1693	$self->_drain_wbuf;
1319	}	1694	}
1320		1695
1321	while (defined ($buf = Net::SSLeay::read ($self->{tls}))) {	1696	$self->{_on_starttls}
1322	if (length $buf) {	1697	and Net::SSLeay::state ($self->{tls}) == Net::SSLeay::ST_OK ()
1323	$self->{rbuf} .= $buf;	1698	and (delete $self->{_on_starttls})->($self, 1, "TLS/SSL connection established");
1324	$self->_drain_rbuf unless $self->{_in_drain};
1325	} else {
1326	# let's treat SSL-eof as we treat normal EOF
1327	$self->{_eof} = 1;
1328	$self->_shutdown;
1329	return;
1330	}
1331	}
1332
1333	my $err = Net::SSLeay::get_error ($self->{tls}, -1);
1334
1335	if ($err!= Net::SSLeay::ERROR_WANT_READ ()) {
1336	if ($err == Net::SSLeay::ERROR_SYSCALL ()) {
1337	return $self->_error ($!, 1);
1338	} elsif ($err == Net::SSLeay::ERROR_SSL ()) {
1339	return $self->_error (&Errno::EIO, 1);
1340	}
1341
1342	# all others are fine for our purposes
1343	}
1344	}	1699	}
1345		1700
1346	=item $handle->starttls ($tls[, $tls_ctx])	1701	=item $handle->starttls ($tls[, $tls_ctx])
1347		1702
1348	Instead of starting TLS negotiation immediately when the AnyEvent::Handle	1703	Instead of starting TLS negotiation immediately when the AnyEvent::Handle
1349	object is created, you can also do that at a later time by calling	1704	object is created, you can also do that at a later time by calling
1350	C<starttls>.	1705	C<starttls>.
1351		1706
		1707	Starting TLS is currently an asynchronous operation - when you push some
		1708	write data and then call C<< ->starttls >> then TLS negotiation will start
		1709	immediately, after which the queued write data is then sent.
		1710
1352	The first argument is the same as the C<tls> constructor argument (either	1711	The first argument is the same as the C<tls> constructor argument (either
1353	C<"connect">, C<"accept"> or an existing Net::SSLeay object).	1712	C<"connect">, C<"accept"> or an existing Net::SSLeay object).
1354		1713
1355	The second argument is the optional C<Net::SSLeay::CTX> object that is	1714	The second argument is the optional C<AnyEvent::TLS> object that is used
1356	used when AnyEvent::Handle has to create its own TLS connection object.	1715	when AnyEvent::Handle has to create its own TLS connection object, or
		1716	a hash reference with C<< key => value >> pairs that will be used to
		1717	construct a new context.
1357		1718
1358	The TLS connection object will end up in C<< $handle->{tls} >> after this	1719	The TLS connection object will end up in C<< $handle->{tls} >>, the TLS
1359	call and can be used or changed to your liking. Note that the handshake	1720	context in C<< $handle->{tls_ctx} >> after this call and can be used or
1360	might have already started when this function returns.	1721	changed to your liking. Note that the handshake might have already started
		1722	when this function returns.
1361		1723
		1724	Due to bugs in OpenSSL, it might or might not be possible to do multiple
		1725	handshakes on the same stream. Best do not attempt to use the stream after
		1726	stopping TLS.
		1727
1362	=cut	1728	=cut
		1729
		1730	our %TLS_CACHE; #TODO not yet documented, should we?
1363		1731
1364	sub starttls {	1732	sub starttls {
1365	my ($self, $ssl, $ctx) = @_;	1733	my ($self, $tls, $ctx) = @_;
1366		1734
1367	$self->stoptls;	1735	Carp::croak "It is an error to call starttls on an AnyEvent::Handle object while TLS is already active, caught"
		1736	if $self->{tls};
1368		1737
1369	if ($ssl eq "accept") {	1738	$self->{tls} = $tls;
1370	$ssl = Net::SSLeay::new ($ctx || TLS_CTX ());	1739	$self->{tls_ctx} = $ctx if @_ > 2;
1371	Net::SSLeay::set_accept_state ($ssl);	1740
1372	} elsif ($ssl eq "connect") {	1741	return unless $self->{fh};
1373	$ssl = Net::SSLeay::new ($ctx || TLS_CTX ());	1742
1374	Net::SSLeay::set_connect_state ($ssl);	1743	require Net::SSLeay;
		1744
		1745	$ERROR_SYSCALL = Net::SSLeay::ERROR_SYSCALL ();
		1746	$ERROR_WANT_READ = Net::SSLeay::ERROR_WANT_READ ();
		1747
		1748	$tls = $self->{tls};
		1749	$ctx = $self->{tls_ctx};
		1750
		1751	local $Carp::CarpLevel = 1; # skip ourselves when creating a new context or session
		1752
		1753	if ("HASH" eq ref $ctx) {
		1754	require AnyEvent::TLS;
		1755
		1756	if ($ctx->{cache}) {
		1757	my $key = $ctx+0;
		1758	$ctx = $TLS_CACHE{$key} ||= new AnyEvent::TLS %$ctx;
		1759	} else {
		1760	$ctx = new AnyEvent::TLS %$ctx;
		1761	}
		1762	}
1375	}	1763
1376		1764	$self->{tls_ctx} = $ctx || TLS_CTX ();
1377	$self->{tls} = $ssl;	1765	$self->{tls} = $tls = $self->{tls_ctx}->_get_session ($tls, $self, $self->{peername});
1378		1766
1379	# basically, this is deep magic (because SSL_read should have the same issues)	1767	# basically, this is deep magic (because SSL_read should have the same issues)
1380	# but the openssl maintainers basically said: "trust us, it just works".	1768	# but the openssl maintainers basically said: "trust us, it just works".
1381	# (unfortunately, we have to hardcode constants because the abysmally misdesigned	1769	# (unfortunately, we have to hardcode constants because the abysmally misdesigned
1382	# and mismaintained ssleay-module doesn't even offer them).	1770	# and mismaintained ssleay-module doesn't even offer them).
1383	# http://www.mail-archive.com/openssl-dev@openssl.org/msg22420.html	1771	# http://www.mail-archive.com/openssl-dev@openssl.org/msg22420.html
1384	#	1772	#
1385	# in short: this is a mess.	1773	# in short: this is a mess.
1386	#	1774	#
1387	# note that we do not try to kepe the length constant between writes as we are required to do.	1775	# note that we do not try to keep the length constant between writes as we are required to do.
1388	# we assume that most (but not all) of this insanity only applies to non-blocking cases,	1776	# we assume that most (but not all) of this insanity only applies to non-blocking cases,
1389	# and we drive openssl fully in blocking mode here.	1777	# and we drive openssl fully in blocking mode here. Or maybe we don't - openssl seems to
		1778	# have identity issues in that area.
1390	Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_mode ($self->{tls},	1779	# Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_mode ($ssl,
1391	(eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; Net::SSLeay::MODE_ENABLE_PARTIAL_WRITE () } || 1)	1780	# (eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; Net::SSLeay::MODE_ENABLE_PARTIAL_WRITE () } || 1)
1392	| (eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; Net::SSLeay::MODE_ACCEPT_MOVING_WRITE_BUFFER () } || 2));	1781	# | (eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; Net::SSLeay::MODE_ACCEPT_MOVING_WRITE_BUFFER () } || 2));
		1782	Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_mode ($tls, 1|2);
1393		1783
1394	$self->{_rbio} = Net::SSLeay::BIO_new (Net::SSLeay::BIO_s_mem ());	1784	$self->{_rbio} = Net::SSLeay::BIO_new (Net::SSLeay::BIO_s_mem ());
1395	$self->{_wbio} = Net::SSLeay::BIO_new (Net::SSLeay::BIO_s_mem ());	1785	$self->{_wbio} = Net::SSLeay::BIO_new (Net::SSLeay::BIO_s_mem ());
1396		1786
		1787	Net::SSLeay::BIO_write ($self->{_rbio}, delete $self->{rbuf});
		1788
1397	Net::SSLeay::set_bio ($ssl, $self->{_rbio}, $self->{_wbio});	1789	Net::SSLeay::set_bio ($tls, $self->{_rbio}, $self->{_wbio});
1398		1790
1399	$self->{filter_w} = sub {	1791	$self->{_on_starttls} = sub { $_[0]{on_starttls}(@_) }
1400	$_[0]{_tls_wbuf} .= ${$_[1]};	1792	if $self->{on_starttls};
1401	&_dotls;	1793
1402	};	1794	&_dotls; # need to trigger the initial handshake
1403	$self->{filter_r} = sub {	1795	$self->start_read; # make sure we actually do read
1404	Net::SSLeay::BIO_write ($_[0]{_rbio}, ${$_[1]});
1405	&_dotls;
1406	};
1407	}	1796	}
1408		1797
1409	=item $handle->stoptls	1798	=item $handle->stoptls
1410		1799
1411	Destroys the SSL connection, if any. Partial read or write data will be	1800	Shuts down the SSL connection - this makes a proper EOF handshake by
1412	lost.	1801	sending a close notify to the other side, but since OpenSSL doesn't
		1802	support non-blocking shut downs, it is not guarenteed that you can re-use
		1803	the stream afterwards.
1413		1804
1414	=cut	1805	=cut
1415		1806
1416	sub stoptls {	1807	sub stoptls {
1417	my ($self) = @_;	1808	my ($self) = @_;
1418		1809
1419	Net::SSLeay::free (delete $self->{tls}) if $self->{tls};	1810	if ($self->{tls}) {
		1811	Net::SSLeay::shutdown ($self->{tls});
1420		1812
1421	delete $self->{_rbio};	1813	&_dotls;
1422	delete $self->{_wbio};	1814
1423	delete $self->{_tls_wbuf};	1815	# # we don't give a shit. no, we do, but we can't. no...#d#
1424	delete $self->{filter_r};	1816	# # we, we... have to use openssl :/#d#
1425	delete $self->{filter_w};	1817	# &_freetls;#d#
		1818	}
		1819	}
		1820
		1821	sub _freetls {
		1822	my ($self) = @_;
		1823
		1824	return unless $self->{tls};
		1825
		1826	$self->{tls_ctx}->_put_session (delete $self->{tls})
		1827	if $self->{tls} > 0;
		1828
		1829	delete @$self{qw(_rbio _wbio _tls_wbuf _on_starttls)};
1426	}	1830	}
1427		1831
1428	sub DESTROY {	1832	sub DESTROY {
1429	my $self = shift;	1833	my ($self) = @_;
1430		1834
1431	$self->stoptls;	1835	&_freetls;
1432		1836
1433	my $linger = exists $self->{linger} ? $self->{linger} : 3600;	1837	my $linger = exists $self->{linger} ? $self->{linger} : 3600;
1434		1838
1435	if ($linger && length $self->{wbuf}) {	1839	if ($linger && length $self->{wbuf} && $self->{fh}) {
1436	my $fh = delete $self->{fh};	1840	my $fh = delete $self->{fh};
1437	my $wbuf = delete $self->{wbuf};	1841	my $wbuf = delete $self->{wbuf};
1438		1842
1439	my @linger;	1843	my @linger;
1440		1844
1441	push @linger, AnyEvent->io (fh => $fh, poll => "w", cb => sub {	1845	push @linger, AE::io $fh, 1, sub {
1442	my $len = syswrite $fh, $wbuf, length $wbuf;	1846	my $len = syswrite $fh, $wbuf, length $wbuf;
1443		1847
1444	if ($len > 0) {	1848	if ($len > 0) {
1445	substr $wbuf, 0, $len, "";	1849	substr $wbuf, 0, $len, "";
1446	} else {	1850	} else {
1447	@linger = (); # end	1851	@linger = (); # end
1448	}	1852	}
1449	});	1853	};
1450	push @linger, AnyEvent->timer (after => $linger, cb => sub {	1854	push @linger, AE::timer $linger, 0, sub {
1451	@linger = ();	1855	@linger = ();
1452	});	1856	};
1453	}	1857	}
		1858	}
		1859
		1860	=item $handle->destroy
		1861
		1862	Shuts down the handle object as much as possible - this call ensures that
		1863	no further callbacks will be invoked and as many resources as possible
		1864	will be freed. Any method you will call on the handle object after
		1865	destroying it in this way will be silently ignored (and it will return the
		1866	empty list).
		1867
		1868	Normally, you can just "forget" any references to an AnyEvent::Handle
		1869	object and it will simply shut down. This works in fatal error and EOF
		1870	callbacks, as well as code outside. It does I<NOT> work in a read or write
		1871	callback, so when you want to destroy the AnyEvent::Handle object from
		1872	within such an callback. You I<MUST> call C<< ->destroy >> explicitly in
		1873	that case.
		1874
		1875	Destroying the handle object in this way has the advantage that callbacks
		1876	will be removed as well, so if those are the only reference holders (as
		1877	is common), then one doesn't need to do anything special to break any
		1878	reference cycles.
		1879
		1880	The handle might still linger in the background and write out remaining
		1881	data, as specified by the C<linger> option, however.
		1882
		1883	=cut
		1884
		1885	sub destroy {
		1886	my ($self) = @_;
		1887
		1888	$self->DESTROY;
		1889	%$self = ();
		1890	bless $self, "AnyEvent::Handle::destroyed";
		1891	}
		1892
		1893	sub AnyEvent::Handle::destroyed::AUTOLOAD {
		1894	#nop
1454	}	1895	}
1455		1896
1456	=item AnyEvent::Handle::TLS_CTX	1897	=item AnyEvent::Handle::TLS_CTX
1457		1898
1458	This function creates and returns the Net::SSLeay::CTX object used by	1899	This function creates and returns the AnyEvent::TLS object used by default
1459	default for TLS mode.	1900	for TLS mode.
1460		1901
1461	The context is created like this:	1902	The context is created by calling L<AnyEvent::TLS> without any arguments.
1462
1463	Net::SSLeay::load_error_strings;
1464	Net::SSLeay::SSLeay_add_ssl_algorithms;
1465	Net::SSLeay::randomize;
1466
1467	my $CTX = Net::SSLeay::CTX_new;
1468
1469	Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_options $CTX, Net::SSLeay::OP_ALL
1470		1903
1471	=cut	1904	=cut
1472		1905
1473	our $TLS_CTX;	1906	our $TLS_CTX;
1474		1907
1475	sub TLS_CTX() {	1908	sub TLS_CTX() {
1476	$TLS_CTX || do {	1909	$TLS_CTX ||= do {
1477	require Net::SSLeay;	1910	require AnyEvent::TLS;
1478		1911
1479	Net::SSLeay::load_error_strings ();	1912	new AnyEvent::TLS
1480	Net::SSLeay::SSLeay_add_ssl_algorithms ();
1481	Net::SSLeay::randomize ();
1482
1483	$TLS_CTX = Net::SSLeay::CTX_new ();
1484
1485	Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_options ($TLS_CTX, Net::SSLeay::OP_ALL ());
1486
1487	$TLS_CTX
1488	}	1913	}
1489	}	1914	}
1490		1915
1491	=back	1916	=back
		1917
		1918
		1919	=head1 NONFREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS
		1920
		1921	=over 4
		1922
		1923	=item I C<undef> the AnyEvent::Handle reference inside my callback and
		1924	still get further invocations!
		1925
		1926	That's because AnyEvent::Handle keeps a reference to itself when handling
		1927	read or write callbacks.
		1928
		1929	It is only safe to "forget" the reference inside EOF or error callbacks,
		1930	from within all other callbacks, you need to explicitly call the C<<
		1931	->destroy >> method.
		1932
		1933	=item I get different callback invocations in TLS mode/Why can't I pause
		1934	reading?
		1935
		1936	Unlike, say, TCP, TLS connections do not consist of two independent
		1937	communication channels, one for each direction. Or put differently. The
		1938	read and write directions are not independent of each other: you cannot
		1939	write data unless you are also prepared to read, and vice versa.
		1940
		1941	This can mean than, in TLS mode, you might get C<on_error> or C<on_eof>
		1942	callback invocations when you are not expecting any read data - the reason
		1943	is that AnyEvent::Handle always reads in TLS mode.
		1944
		1945	During the connection, you have to make sure that you always have a
		1946	non-empty read-queue, or an C<on_read> watcher. At the end of the
		1947	connection (or when you no longer want to use it) you can call the
		1948	C<destroy> method.
		1949
		1950	=item How do I read data until the other side closes the connection?
		1951
		1952	If you just want to read your data into a perl scalar, the easiest way
		1953	to achieve this is by setting an C<on_read> callback that does nothing,
		1954	clearing the C<on_eof> callback and in the C<on_error> callback, the data
		1955	will be in C<$_[0]{rbuf}>:
		1956
		1957	$handle->on_read (sub { });
		1958	$handle->on_eof (undef);
		1959	$handle->on_error (sub {
		1960	my $data = delete $_[0]{rbuf};
		1961	});
		1962
		1963	The reason to use C<on_error> is that TCP connections, due to latencies
		1964	and packets loss, might get closed quite violently with an error, when in
		1965	fact, all data has been received.
		1966
		1967	It is usually better to use acknowledgements when transferring data,
		1968	to make sure the other side hasn't just died and you got the data
		1969	intact. This is also one reason why so many internet protocols have an
		1970	explicit QUIT command.
		1971
		1972	=item I don't want to destroy the handle too early - how do I wait until
		1973	all data has been written?
		1974
		1975	After writing your last bits of data, set the C<on_drain> callback
		1976	and destroy the handle in there - with the default setting of
		1977	C<low_water_mark> this will be called precisely when all data has been
		1978	written to the socket:
		1979
		1980	$handle->push_write (...);
		1981	$handle->on_drain (sub {
		1982	warn "all data submitted to the kernel\n";
		1983	undef $handle;
		1984	});
		1985
		1986	If you just want to queue some data and then signal EOF to the other side,
		1987	consider using C<< ->push_shutdown >> instead.
		1988
		1989	=item I want to contact a TLS/SSL server, I don't care about security.
		1990
		1991	If your TLS server is a pure TLS server (e.g. HTTPS) that only speaks TLS,
		1992	simply connect to it and then create the AnyEvent::Handle with the C<tls>
		1993	parameter:
		1994
		1995	tcp_connect $host, $port, sub {
		1996	my ($fh) = @_;
		1997
		1998	my $handle = new AnyEvent::Handle
		1999	fh => $fh,
		2000	tls => "connect",
		2001	on_error => sub { ... };
		2002
		2003	$handle->push_write (...);
		2004	};
		2005
		2006	=item I want to contact a TLS/SSL server, I do care about security.
		2007
		2008	Then you should additionally enable certificate verification, including
		2009	peername verification, if the protocol you use supports it (see
		2010	L<AnyEvent::TLS>, C<verify_peername>).
		2011
		2012	E.g. for HTTPS:
		2013
		2014	tcp_connect $host, $port, sub {
		2015	my ($fh) = @_;
		2016
		2017	my $handle = new AnyEvent::Handle
		2018	fh => $fh,
		2019	peername => $host,
		2020	tls => "connect",
		2021	tls_ctx => { verify => 1, verify_peername => "https" },
		2022	...
		2023
		2024	Note that you must specify the hostname you connected to (or whatever
		2025	"peername" the protocol needs) as the C<peername> argument, otherwise no
		2026	peername verification will be done.
		2027
		2028	The above will use the system-dependent default set of trusted CA
		2029	certificates. If you want to check against a specific CA, add the
		2030	C<ca_file> (or C<ca_cert>) arguments to C<tls_ctx>:
		2031
		2032	tls_ctx => {
		2033	verify => 1,
		2034	verify_peername => "https",
		2035	ca_file => "my-ca-cert.pem",
		2036	},
		2037
		2038	=item I want to create a TLS/SSL server, how do I do that?
		2039
		2040	Well, you first need to get a server certificate and key. You have
		2041	three options: a) ask a CA (buy one, use cacert.org etc.) b) create a
		2042	self-signed certificate (cheap. check the search engine of your choice,
		2043	there are many tutorials on the net) or c) make your own CA (tinyca2 is a
		2044	nice program for that purpose).
		2045
		2046	Then create a file with your private key (in PEM format, see
		2047	L<AnyEvent::TLS>), followed by the certificate (also in PEM format). The
		2048	file should then look like this:
		2049
		2050	-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
		2051	...header data
		2052	... lots of base64'y-stuff
		2053	-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
		2054
		2055	-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
		2056	... lots of base64'y-stuff
		2057	-----END CERTIFICATE-----
		2058
		2059	The important bits are the "PRIVATE KEY" and "CERTIFICATE" parts. Then
		2060	specify this file as C<cert_file>:
		2061
		2062	tcp_server undef, $port, sub {
		2063	my ($fh) = @_;
		2064
		2065	my $handle = new AnyEvent::Handle
		2066	fh => $fh,
		2067	tls => "accept",
		2068	tls_ctx => { cert_file => "my-server-keycert.pem" },
		2069	...
		2070
		2071	When you have intermediate CA certificates that your clients might not
		2072	know about, just append them to the C<cert_file>.
		2073
		2074	=back
		2075
1492		2076
1493	=head1 SUBCLASSING AnyEvent::Handle	2077	=head1 SUBCLASSING AnyEvent::Handle
1494		2078
1495	In many cases, you might want to subclass AnyEvent::Handle.	2079	In many cases, you might want to subclass AnyEvent::Handle.
1496		2080

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