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Revision 1.88 by root, Thu Aug 21 23:48:35 2008 UTC vs.
Revision 1.181 by root, Tue Sep 1 10:40:05 2009 UTC

1	package AnyEvent::Handle;
2
3	no warnings;
4	use strict qw(subs vars);
5
6	use AnyEvent ();
7	use AnyEvent::Util qw(WSAEWOULDBLOCK);
8	use Scalar::Util ();
9	use Carp ();
10	use Fcntl ();
11	use Errno qw(EAGAIN EINTR);
12
13	=head1 NAME	1	=head1 NAME
14		2
15	AnyEvent::Handle - non-blocking I/O on file handles via AnyEvent	3	AnyEvent::Handle - non-blocking I/O on file handles via AnyEvent
16
17	=cut
18
19	our $VERSION = 4.233;
20		4
21	=head1 SYNOPSIS	5	=head1 SYNOPSIS
22		6
23	use AnyEvent;	7	use AnyEvent;
24	use AnyEvent::Handle;	8	use AnyEvent::Handle;
25		9
26	my $cv = AnyEvent->condvar;	10	my $cv = AnyEvent->condvar;
27		11
28	my $handle =	12	my $hdl; $hdl = new AnyEvent::Handle
29	AnyEvent::Handle->new (
30	fh => \*STDIN,	13	fh => \*STDIN,
31	on_eof => sub {	14	on_error => sub {
32	$cv->broadcast;	15	my ($hdl, $fatal, $msg) = @_;
33	},	16	warn "got error $msg\n";
		17	$hdl->destroy;
		18	$cv->send;
34	);	19	);
35		20
36	# send some request line	21	# send some request line
37	$handle->push_write ("getinfo\015\012");	22	$hdl->push_write ("getinfo\015\012");
38		23
39	# read the response line	24	# read the response line
40	$handle->push_read (line => sub {	25	$hdl->push_read (line => sub {
41	my ($handle, $line) = @_;	26	my ($hdl, $line) = @_;
42	warn "read line <$line>\n";	27	warn "got line <$line>\n";
43	$cv->send;	28	$cv->send;
44	});	29	});
45		30
46	$cv->recv;	31	$cv->recv;
47		32
48	=head1 DESCRIPTION	33	=head1 DESCRIPTION
49		34
50	This module is a helper module to make it easier to do event-based I/O on	35	This module is a helper module to make it easier to do event-based I/O on
51	filehandles. For utility functions for doing non-blocking connects and accepts	36	filehandles.
52	on sockets see L<AnyEvent::Util>.
53		37
54	The L<AnyEvent::Intro> tutorial contains some well-documented	38	The L<AnyEvent::Intro> tutorial contains some well-documented
55	AnyEvent::Handle examples.	39	AnyEvent::Handle examples.
56		40
57	In the following, when the documentation refers to of "bytes" then this	41	In the following, when the documentation refers to of "bytes" then this
58	means characters. As sysread and syswrite are used for all I/O, their	42	means characters. As sysread and syswrite are used for all I/O, their
59	treatment of characters applies to this module as well.	43	treatment of characters applies to this module as well.
60		44
		45	At the very minimum, you should specify C<fh> or C<connect>, and the
		46	C<on_error> callback.
		47
61	All callbacks will be invoked with the handle object as their first	48	All callbacks will be invoked with the handle object as their first
62	argument.	49	argument.
63		50
		51	=cut
		52
		53	package AnyEvent::Handle;
		54
		55	use Scalar::Util ();
		56	use List::Util ();
		57	use Carp ();
		58	use Errno qw(EAGAIN EINTR);
		59
		60	use AnyEvent (); BEGIN { AnyEvent::common_sense }
		61	use AnyEvent::Util qw(WSAEWOULDBLOCK);
		62
		63	our $VERSION = $AnyEvent::VERSION;
		64
64	=head1 METHODS	65	=head1 METHODS
65		66
66	=over 4	67	=over 4
67		68
68	=item B<new (%args)>	69	=item $handle = B<new> AnyEvent::TLS fh => $filehandle, key => value...
69		70
70	The constructor supports these arguments (all as key => value pairs).	71	The constructor supports these arguments (all as C<< key => value >> pairs).
71		72
72	=over 4	73	=over 4
73		74
74	=item fh => $filehandle [MANDATORY]	75	=item fh => $filehandle [C<fh> or C<connect> MANDATORY]
75		76
76	The filehandle this L<AnyEvent::Handle> object will operate on.	77	The filehandle this L<AnyEvent::Handle> object will operate on.
77
78	NOTE: The filehandle will be set to non-blocking mode (using	78	NOTE: The filehandle will be set to non-blocking mode (using
79	C<AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking>) by the constructor and needs to stay in	79	C<AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking>) by the constructor and needs to stay in
80	that mode.	80	that mode.
81		81
		82	=item connect => [$host, $service] [C<fh> or C<connect> MANDATORY]
		83
		84	Try to connect to the specified host and service (port), using
		85	C<AnyEvent::Socket::tcp_connect>. The C<$host> additionally becomes the
		86	default C<peername>.
		87
		88	You have to specify either this parameter, or C<fh>, above.
		89
		90	It is possible to push requests on the read and write queues, and modify
		91	properties of the stream, even while AnyEvent::Handle is connecting.
		92
		93	When this parameter is specified, then the C<on_prepare>,
		94	C<on_connect_error> and C<on_connect> callbacks will be called under the
		95	appropriate circumstances:
		96
		97	=over 4
		98
82	=item on_eof => $cb->($handle)	99	=item on_prepare => $cb->($handle)
83		100
84	Set the callback to be called when an end-of-file condition is detected,	101	This (rarely used) callback is called before a new connection is
85	i.e. in the case of a socket, when the other side has closed the	102	attempted, but after the file handle has been created. It could be used to
86	connection cleanly.	103	prepare the file handle with parameters required for the actual connect
		104	(as opposed to settings that can be changed when the connection is already
		105	established).
87		106
88	For sockets, this just means that the other side has stopped sending data,	107	The return value of this callback should be the connect timeout value in
89	you can still try to write data, and, in fact, one can return from the eof	108	seconds (or C<0>, or C<undef>, or the empty list, to indicate the default
90	callback and continue writing data, as only the read part has been shut	109	timeout is to be used).
91	down.
92		110
93	While not mandatory, it is I<highly> recommended to set an eof callback,	111	=item on_connect => $cb->($handle, $host, $port, $retry->())
94	otherwise you might end up with a closed socket while you are still
95	waiting for data.
96		112
97	If an EOF condition has been detected but no C<on_eof> callback has been	113	This callback is called when a connection has been successfully established.
98	set, then a fatal error will be raised with C<$!> set to <0>.
99		114
		115	The actual numeric host and port (the socket peername) are passed as
		116	parameters, together with a retry callback.
		117
		118	When, for some reason, the handle is not acceptable, then calling
		119	C<$retry> will continue with the next conenction target (in case of
		120	multi-homed hosts or SRV records there can be multiple connection
		121	endpoints). When it is called then the read and write queues, eof status,
		122	tls status and similar properties of the handle are being reset.
		123
		124	In most cases, ignoring the C<$retry> parameter is the way to go.
		125
		126	=item on_connect_error => $cb->($handle, $message)
		127
		128	This callback is called when the conenction could not be
		129	established. C<$!> will contain the relevant error code, and C<$message> a
		130	message describing it (usually the same as C<"$!">).
		131
		132	If this callback isn't specified, then C<on_error> will be called with a
		133	fatal error instead.
		134
		135	=back
		136
100	=item on_error => $cb->($handle, $fatal)	137	=item on_error => $cb->($handle, $fatal, $message)
101		138
102	This is the error callback, which is called when, well, some error	139	This is the error callback, which is called when, well, some error
103	occured, such as not being able to resolve the hostname, failure to	140	occured, such as not being able to resolve the hostname, failure to
104	connect or a read error.	141	connect or a read error.
105		142
106	Some errors are fatal (which is indicated by C<$fatal> being true). On	143	Some errors are fatal (which is indicated by C<$fatal> being true). On
107	fatal errors the handle object will be shut down and will not be usable	144	fatal errors the handle object will be destroyed (by a call to C<< ->
108	(but you are free to look at the current C<< ->rbuf >>). Examples of fatal	145	destroy >>) after invoking the error callback (which means you are free to
109	errors are an EOF condition with active (but unsatisifable) read watchers	146	examine the handle object). Examples of fatal errors are an EOF condition
110	(C<EPIPE>) or I/O errors.	147	with active (but unsatisifable) read watchers (C<EPIPE>) or I/O errors. In
		148	cases where the other side can close the connection at their will it is
		149	often easiest to not report C<EPIPE> errors in this callback.
		150
		151	AnyEvent::Handle tries to find an appropriate error code for you to check
		152	against, but in some cases (TLS errors), this does not work well. It is
		153	recommended to always output the C<$message> argument in human-readable
		154	error messages (it's usually the same as C<"$!">).
111		155
112	Non-fatal errors can be retried by simply returning, but it is recommended	156	Non-fatal errors can be retried by simply returning, but it is recommended
113	to simply ignore this parameter and instead abondon the handle object	157	to simply ignore this parameter and instead abondon the handle object
114	when this callback is invoked. Examples of non-fatal errors are timeouts	158	when this callback is invoked. Examples of non-fatal errors are timeouts
115	C<ETIMEDOUT>) or badly-formatted data (C<EBADMSG>).	159	C<ETIMEDOUT>) or badly-formatted data (C<EBADMSG>).
116		160
117	On callback entrance, the value of C<$!> contains the operating system	161	On callback entrance, the value of C<$!> contains the operating system
118	error (or C<ENOSPC>, C<EPIPE>, C<ETIMEDOUT> or C<EBADMSG>).	162	error code (or C<ENOSPC>, C<EPIPE>, C<ETIMEDOUT>, C<EBADMSG> or
		163	C<EPROTO>).
119		164
120	While not mandatory, it is I<highly> recommended to set this callback, as	165	While not mandatory, it is I<highly> recommended to set this callback, as
121	you will not be notified of errors otherwise. The default simply calls	166	you will not be notified of errors otherwise. The default simply calls
122	C<croak>.	167	C<croak>.
123		168
…		…
127	and no read request is in the queue (unlike read queue callbacks, this	172	and no read request is in the queue (unlike read queue callbacks, this
128	callback will only be called when at least one octet of data is in the	173	callback will only be called when at least one octet of data is in the
129	read buffer).	174	read buffer).
130		175
131	To access (and remove data from) the read buffer, use the C<< ->rbuf >>	176	To access (and remove data from) the read buffer, use the C<< ->rbuf >>
132	method or access the C<$handle->{rbuf}> member directly.	177	method or access the C<< $handle->{rbuf} >> member directly. Note that you
		178	must not enlarge or modify the read buffer, you can only remove data at
		179	the beginning from it.
133		180
134	When an EOF condition is detected then AnyEvent::Handle will first try to	181	When an EOF condition is detected then AnyEvent::Handle will first try to
135	feed all the remaining data to the queued callbacks and C<on_read> before	182	feed all the remaining data to the queued callbacks and C<on_read> before
136	calling the C<on_eof> callback. If no progress can be made, then a fatal	183	calling the C<on_eof> callback. If no progress can be made, then a fatal
137	error will be raised (with C<$!> set to C<EPIPE>).	184	error will be raised (with C<$!> set to C<EPIPE>).
		185
		186	Note that, unlike requests in the read queue, an C<on_read> callback
		187	doesn't mean you I<require> some data: if there is an EOF and there
		188	are outstanding read requests then an error will be flagged. With an
		189	C<on_read> callback, the C<on_eof> callback will be invoked.
		190
		191	=item on_eof => $cb->($handle)
		192
		193	Set the callback to be called when an end-of-file condition is detected,
		194	i.e. in the case of a socket, when the other side has closed the
		195	connection cleanly, and there are no outstanding read requests in the
		196	queue (if there are read requests, then an EOF counts as an unexpected
		197	connection close and will be flagged as an error).
		198
		199	For sockets, this just means that the other side has stopped sending data,
		200	you can still try to write data, and, in fact, one can return from the EOF
		201	callback and continue writing data, as only the read part has been shut
		202	down.
		203
		204	If an EOF condition has been detected but no C<on_eof> callback has been
		205	set, then a fatal error will be raised with C<$!> set to <0>.
138		206
139	=item on_drain => $cb->($handle)	207	=item on_drain => $cb->($handle)
140		208
141	This sets the callback that is called when the write buffer becomes empty	209	This sets the callback that is called when the write buffer becomes empty
142	(or when the callback is set and the buffer is empty already).	210	(or when the callback is set and the buffer is empty already).
…		…
149	memory and push it into the queue, but instead only read more data from	217	memory and push it into the queue, but instead only read more data from
150	the file when the write queue becomes empty.	218	the file when the write queue becomes empty.
151		219
152	=item timeout => $fractional_seconds	220	=item timeout => $fractional_seconds
153		221
		222	=item rtimeout => $fractional_seconds
		223
		224	=item wtimeout => $fractional_seconds
		225
154	If non-zero, then this enables an "inactivity" timeout: whenever this many	226	If non-zero, then these enables an "inactivity" timeout: whenever this
155	seconds pass without a successful read or write on the underlying file	227	many seconds pass without a successful read or write on the underlying
156	handle, the C<on_timeout> callback will be invoked (and if that one is	228	file handle (or a call to C<timeout_reset>), the C<on_timeout> callback
157	missing, a non-fatal C<ETIMEDOUT> error will be raised).	229	will be invoked (and if that one is missing, a non-fatal C<ETIMEDOUT>
		230	error will be raised).
		231
		232	There are three variants of the timeouts that work fully independent
		233	of each other, for both read and write, just read, and just write:
		234	C<timeout>, C<rtimeout> and C<wtimeout>, with corresponding callbacks
		235	C<on_timeout>, C<on_rtimeout> and C<on_wtimeout>, and reset functions
		236	C<timeout_reset>, C<rtimeout_reset>, and C<wtimeout_reset>.
158		237
159	Note that timeout processing is also active when you currently do not have	238	Note that timeout processing is also active when you currently do not have
160	any outstanding read or write requests: If you plan to keep the connection	239	any outstanding read or write requests: If you plan to keep the connection
161	idle then you should disable the timout temporarily or ignore the timeout	240	idle then you should disable the timout temporarily or ignore the timeout
162	in the C<on_timeout> callback, in which case AnyEvent::Handle will simply	241	in the C<on_timeout> callback, in which case AnyEvent::Handle will simply
…		…
232	write data and will install a watcher that will write this data to the	311	write data and will install a watcher that will write this data to the
233	socket. No errors will be reported (this mostly matches how the operating	312	socket. No errors will be reported (this mostly matches how the operating
234	system treats outstanding data at socket close time).	313	system treats outstanding data at socket close time).
235		314
236	This will not work for partial TLS data that could not be encoded	315	This will not work for partial TLS data that could not be encoded
237	yet. This data will be lost.	316	yet. This data will be lost. Calling the C<stoptls> method in time might
		317	help.
		318
		319	=item peername => $string
		320
		321	A string used to identify the remote site - usually the DNS hostname
		322	(I<not> IDN!) used to create the connection, rarely the IP address.
		323
		324	Apart from being useful in error messages, this string is also used in TLS
		325	peername verification (see C<verify_peername> in L<AnyEvent::TLS>). This
		326	verification will be skipped when C<peername> is not specified or
		327	C<undef>.
238		328
239	=item tls => "accept" | "connect" | Net::SSLeay::SSL object	329	=item tls => "accept" | "connect" | Net::SSLeay::SSL object
240		330
241	When this parameter is given, it enables TLS (SSL) mode, that means	331	When this parameter is given, it enables TLS (SSL) mode, that means
242	AnyEvent will start a TLS handshake as soon as the conenction has been	332	AnyEvent will start a TLS handshake as soon as the conenction has been
243	established and will transparently encrypt/decrypt data afterwards.	333	established and will transparently encrypt/decrypt data afterwards.
		334
		335	All TLS protocol errors will be signalled as C<EPROTO>, with an
		336	appropriate error message.
244		337
245	TLS mode requires Net::SSLeay to be installed (it will be loaded	338	TLS mode requires Net::SSLeay to be installed (it will be loaded
246	automatically when you try to create a TLS handle): this module doesn't	339	automatically when you try to create a TLS handle): this module doesn't
247	have a dependency on that module, so if your module requires it, you have	340	have a dependency on that module, so if your module requires it, you have
248	to add the dependency yourself.	341	to add the dependency yourself.
…		…
252	mode.	345	mode.
253		346
254	You can also provide your own TLS connection object, but you have	347	You can also provide your own TLS connection object, but you have
255	to make sure that you call either C<Net::SSLeay::set_connect_state>	348	to make sure that you call either C<Net::SSLeay::set_connect_state>
256	or C<Net::SSLeay::set_accept_state> on it before you pass it to	349	or C<Net::SSLeay::set_accept_state> on it before you pass it to
257	AnyEvent::Handle.	350	AnyEvent::Handle. Also, this module will take ownership of this connection
		351	object.
		352
		353	At some future point, AnyEvent::Handle might switch to another TLS
		354	implementation, then the option to use your own session object will go
		355	away.
		356
		357	B<IMPORTANT:> since Net::SSLeay "objects" are really only integers,
		358	passing in the wrong integer will lead to certain crash. This most often
		359	happens when one uses a stylish C<< tls => 1 >> and is surprised about the
		360	segmentation fault.
258		361
259	See the C<< ->starttls >> method for when need to start TLS negotiation later.	362	See the C<< ->starttls >> method for when need to start TLS negotiation later.
260		363
261	=item tls_ctx => $ssl_ctx	364	=item tls_ctx => $anyevent_tls
262		365
263	Use the given C<Net::SSLeay::CTX> object to create the new TLS connection	366	Use the given C<AnyEvent::TLS> object to create the new TLS connection
264	(unless a connection object was specified directly). If this parameter is	367	(unless a connection object was specified directly). If this parameter is
265	missing, then AnyEvent::Handle will use C<AnyEvent::Handle::TLS_CTX>.	368	missing, then AnyEvent::Handle will use C<AnyEvent::Handle::TLS_CTX>.
		369
		370	Instead of an object, you can also specify a hash reference with C<< key
		371	=> value >> pairs. Those will be passed to L<AnyEvent::TLS> to create a
		372	new TLS context object.
		373
		374	=item on_starttls => $cb->($handle, $success[, $error_message])
		375
		376	This callback will be invoked when the TLS/SSL handshake has finished. If
		377	C<$success> is true, then the TLS handshake succeeded, otherwise it failed
		378	(C<on_stoptls> will not be called in this case).
		379
		380	The session in C<< $handle->{tls} >> can still be examined in this
		381	callback, even when the handshake was not successful.
		382
		383	TLS handshake failures will not cause C<on_error> to be invoked when this
		384	callback is in effect, instead, the error message will be passed to C<on_starttls>.
		385
		386	Without this callback, handshake failures lead to C<on_error> being
		387	called, as normal.
		388
		389	Note that you cannot call C<starttls> right again in this callback. If you
		390	need to do that, start an zero-second timer instead whose callback can
		391	then call C<< ->starttls >> again.
		392
		393	=item on_stoptls => $cb->($handle)
		394
		395	When a SSLv3/TLS shutdown/close notify/EOF is detected and this callback is
		396	set, then it will be invoked after freeing the TLS session. If it is not,
		397	then a TLS shutdown condition will be treated like a normal EOF condition
		398	on the handle.
		399
		400	The session in C<< $handle->{tls} >> can still be examined in this
		401	callback.
		402
		403	This callback will only be called on TLS shutdowns, not when the
		404	underlying handle signals EOF.
266		405
267	=item json => JSON or JSON::XS object	406	=item json => JSON or JSON::XS object
268		407
269	This is the json coder object used by the C<json> read and write types.	408	This is the json coder object used by the C<json> read and write types.
270		409
…		…
273	texts.	412	texts.
274		413
275	Note that you are responsible to depend on the JSON module if you want to	414	Note that you are responsible to depend on the JSON module if you want to
276	use this functionality, as AnyEvent does not have a dependency itself.	415	use this functionality, as AnyEvent does not have a dependency itself.
277		416
278	=item filter_r => $cb
279
280	=item filter_w => $cb
281
282	These exist, but are undocumented at this time. (They are used internally
283	by the TLS code).
284
285	=back	417	=back
286		418
287	=cut	419	=cut
288		420
289	sub new {	421	sub new {
290	my $class = shift;	422	my $class = shift;
291
292	my $self = bless { @_ }, $class;	423	my $self = bless { @_ }, $class;
293		424
294	$self->{fh} or Carp::croak "mandatory argument fh is missing";	425	if ($self->{fh}) {
		426	$self->_start;
		427	return unless $self->{fh}; # could be gone by now
		428
		429	} elsif ($self->{connect}) {
		430	require AnyEvent::Socket;
		431
		432	$self->{peername} = $self->{connect}[0]
		433	unless exists $self->{peername};
		434
		435	$self->{_skip_drain_rbuf} = 1;
		436
		437	{
		438	Scalar::Util::weaken (my $self = $self);
		439
		440	$self->{_connect} =
		441	AnyEvent::Socket::tcp_connect (
		442	$self->{connect}[0],
		443	$self->{connect}[1],
		444	sub {
		445	my ($fh, $host, $port, $retry) = @_;
		446
		447	if ($fh) {
		448	$self->{fh} = $fh;
		449
		450	delete $self->{_skip_drain_rbuf};
		451	$self->_start;
		452
		453	$self->{on_connect}
		454	and $self->{on_connect}($self, $host, $port, sub {
		455	delete @$self{qw(fh _tw _rtw _wtw _ww _rw _eof _queue rbuf _wbuf tls _tls_rbuf _tls_wbuf)};
		456	$self->{_skip_drain_rbuf} = 1;
		457	&$retry;
		458	});
		459
		460	} else {
		461	if ($self->{on_connect_error}) {
		462	$self->{on_connect_error}($self, "$!");
		463	$self->destroy;
		464	} else {
		465	$self->_error ($!, 1);
		466	}
		467	}
		468	},
		469	sub {
		470	local $self->{fh} = $_[0];
		471
		472	$self->{on_prepare}
		473	? $self->{on_prepare}->($self)
		474	: ()
		475	}
		476	);
		477	}
		478
		479	} else {
		480	Carp::croak "AnyEvent::Handle: either an existing fh or the connect parameter must be specified";
		481	}
		482
		483	$self
		484	}
		485
		486	sub _start {
		487	my ($self) = @_;
295		488
296	AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking $self->{fh}, 1;	489	AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking $self->{fh}, 1;
297		490
298	if ($self->{tls}) {	491	$self->{_activity} =
299	require Net::SSLeay;	492	$self->{_ractivity} =
300	$self->starttls (delete $self->{tls}, delete $self->{tls_ctx});
301	}
302
303	$self->{_activity} = AnyEvent->now;	493	$self->{_wactivity} = AE::now;
304	$self->_timeout;
305		494
306	$self->on_drain (delete $self->{on_drain}) if exists $self->{on_drain};	495	$self->timeout (delete $self->{timeout} ) if $self->{timeout};
		496	$self->rtimeout (delete $self->{rtimeout}) if $self->{rtimeout};
		497	$self->wtimeout (delete $self->{wtimeout}) if $self->{wtimeout};
		498
307	$self->no_delay (delete $self->{no_delay}) if exists $self->{no_delay};	499	$self->no_delay (delete $self->{no_delay}) if exists $self->{no_delay};
308		500
		501	$self->starttls (delete $self->{tls}, delete $self->{tls_ctx})
		502	if $self->{tls};
		503
		504	$self->on_drain (delete $self->{on_drain}) if $self->{on_drain};
		505
309	$self->start_read	506	$self->start_read
310	if $self->{on_read};	507	if $self->{on_read} || @{ $self->{_queue} };
311		508
312	$self	509	$self->_drain_wbuf;
313	}
314
315	sub _shutdown {
316	my ($self) = @_;
317
318	delete $self->{_tw};
319	delete $self->{_rw};
320	delete $self->{_ww};
321	delete $self->{fh};
322
323	$self->stoptls;
324
325	delete $self->{on_read};
326	delete $self->{_queue};
327	}	510	}
328		511
329	sub _error {	512	sub _error {
330	my ($self, $errno, $fatal) = @_;	513	my ($self, $errno, $fatal, $message) = @_;
331
332	$self->_shutdown
333	if $fatal;
334		514
335	$! = $errno;	515	$! = $errno;
		516	$message ||= "$!";
336		517
337	if ($self->{on_error}) {	518	if ($self->{on_error}) {
338	$self->{on_error}($self, $fatal);	519	$self->{on_error}($self, $fatal, $message);
339	} else {	520	$self->destroy if $fatal;
		521	} elsif ($self->{fh}) {
		522	$self->destroy;
340	Carp::croak "AnyEvent::Handle uncaught error: $!";	523	Carp::croak "AnyEvent::Handle uncaught error: $message";
341	}	524	}
342	}	525	}
343		526
344	=item $fh = $handle->fh	527	=item $fh = $handle->fh
345		528
…		…
369	$_[0]{on_eof} = $_[1];	552	$_[0]{on_eof} = $_[1];
370	}	553	}
371		554
372	=item $handle->on_timeout ($cb)	555	=item $handle->on_timeout ($cb)
373		556
374	Replace the current C<on_timeout> callback, or disables the callback (but	557	=item $handle->on_rtimeout ($cb)
375	not the timeout) if C<$cb> = C<undef>. See the C<timeout> constructor
376	argument and method.
377		558
378	=cut	559	=item $handle->on_wtimeout ($cb)
379		560
380	sub on_timeout {	561	Replace the current C<on_timeout>, C<on_rtimeout> or C<on_wtimeout>
381	$_[0]{on_timeout} = $_[1];	562	callback, or disables the callback (but not the timeout) if C<$cb> =
382	}	563	C<undef>. See the C<timeout> constructor argument and method.
		564
		565	=cut
		566
		567	# see below
383		568
384	=item $handle->autocork ($boolean)	569	=item $handle->autocork ($boolean)
385		570
386	Enables or disables the current autocork behaviour (see C<autocork>	571	Enables or disables the current autocork behaviour (see C<autocork>
387	constructor argument).	572	constructor argument). Changes will only take effect on the next write.
388		573
389	=cut	574	=cut
		575
		576	sub autocork {
		577	$_[0]{autocork} = $_[1];
		578	}
390		579
391	=item $handle->no_delay ($boolean)	580	=item $handle->no_delay ($boolean)
392		581
393	Enables or disables the C<no_delay> setting (see constructor argument of	582	Enables or disables the C<no_delay> setting (see constructor argument of
394	the same name for details).	583	the same name for details).
…		…
398	sub no_delay {	587	sub no_delay {
399	$_[0]{no_delay} = $_[1];	588	$_[0]{no_delay} = $_[1];
400		589
401	eval {	590	eval {
402	local $SIG{__DIE__};	591	local $SIG{__DIE__};
403	setsockopt $_[0]{fh}, &Socket::IPPROTO_TCP, &Socket::TCP_NODELAY, int $_[1];	592	setsockopt $_[0]{fh}, &Socket::IPPROTO_TCP, &Socket::TCP_NODELAY, int $_[1]
		593	if $_[0]{fh};
404	};	594	};
405	}	595	}
406		596
		597	=item $handle->on_starttls ($cb)
		598
		599	Replace the current C<on_starttls> callback (see the C<on_starttls> constructor argument).
		600
		601	=cut
		602
		603	sub on_starttls {
		604	$_[0]{on_starttls} = $_[1];
		605	}
		606
		607	=item $handle->on_stoptls ($cb)
		608
		609	Replace the current C<on_stoptls> callback (see the C<on_stoptls> constructor argument).
		610
		611	=cut
		612
		613	sub on_starttls {
		614	$_[0]{on_stoptls} = $_[1];
		615	}
		616
		617	=item $handle->rbuf_max ($max_octets)
		618
		619	Configures the C<rbuf_max> setting (C<undef> disables it).
		620
		621	=cut
		622
		623	sub rbuf_max {
		624	$_[0]{rbuf_max} = $_[1];
		625	}
		626
407	#############################################################################	627	#############################################################################
408		628
409	=item $handle->timeout ($seconds)	629	=item $handle->timeout ($seconds)
410		630
		631	=item $handle->rtimeout ($seconds)
		632
		633	=item $handle->wtimeout ($seconds)
		634
411	Configures (or disables) the inactivity timeout.	635	Configures (or disables) the inactivity timeout.
412		636
413	=cut	637	=item $handle->timeout_reset
414		638
415	sub timeout {	639	=item $handle->rtimeout_reset
		640
		641	=item $handle->wtimeout_reset
		642
		643	Reset the activity timeout, as if data was received or sent.
		644
		645	These methods are cheap to call.
		646
		647	=cut
		648
		649	for my $dir ("", "r", "w") {
		650	my $timeout = "${dir}timeout";
		651	my $tw = "_${dir}tw";
		652	my $on_timeout = "on_${dir}timeout";
		653	my $activity = "_${dir}activity";
		654	my $cb;
		655
		656	*$on_timeout = sub {
		657	$_[0]{$on_timeout} = $_[1];
		658	};
		659
		660	*$timeout = sub {
416	my ($self, $timeout) = @_;	661	my ($self, $new_value) = @_;
417		662
418	$self->{timeout} = $timeout;	663	$self->{$timeout} = $new_value;
419	$self->_timeout;	664	delete $self->{$tw}; &$cb;
420	}	665	};
421		666
		667	*{"${dir}timeout_reset"} = sub {
		668	$_[0]{$activity} = AE::now;
		669	};
		670
		671	# main workhorse:
422	# reset the timeout watcher, as neccessary	672	# reset the timeout watcher, as neccessary
423	# also check for time-outs	673	# also check for time-outs
424	sub _timeout {	674	$cb = sub {
425	my ($self) = @_;	675	my ($self) = @_;
426		676
427	if ($self->{timeout}) {	677	if ($self->{$timeout} && $self->{fh}) {
428	my $NOW = AnyEvent->now;	678	my $NOW = AE::now;
429		679
430	# when would the timeout trigger?	680	# when would the timeout trigger?
431	my $after = $self->{_activity} + $self->{timeout} - $NOW;	681	my $after = $self->{$activity} + $self->{$timeout} - $NOW;
432		682
433	# now or in the past already?	683	# now or in the past already?
434	if ($after <= 0) {	684	if ($after <= 0) {
435	$self->{_activity} = $NOW;	685	$self->{$activity} = $NOW;
436		686
437	if ($self->{on_timeout}) {	687	if ($self->{$on_timeout}) {
438	$self->{on_timeout}($self);	688	$self->{$on_timeout}($self);
439	} else {	689	} else {
440	$self->_error (&Errno::ETIMEDOUT);	690	$self->_error (Errno::ETIMEDOUT);
		691	}
		692
		693	# callback could have changed timeout value, optimise
		694	return unless $self->{$timeout};
		695
		696	# calculate new after
		697	$after = $self->{$timeout};
441	}	698	}
442		699
443	# callback could have changed timeout value, optimise	700	Scalar::Util::weaken $self;
444	return unless $self->{timeout};	701	return unless $self; # ->error could have destroyed $self
445		702
446	# calculate new after	703	$self->{$tw} ||= AE::timer $after, 0, sub {
447	$after = $self->{timeout};	704	delete $self->{$tw};
		705	$cb->($self);
		706	};
		707	} else {
		708	delete $self->{$tw};
448	}	709	}
449
450	Scalar::Util::weaken $self;
451	return unless $self; # ->error could have destroyed $self
452
453	$self->{_tw} ||= AnyEvent->timer (after => $after, cb => sub {
454	delete $self->{_tw};
455	$self->_timeout;
456	});
457	} else {
458	delete $self->{_tw};
459	}	710	}
460	}	711	}
461		712
462	#############################################################################	713	#############################################################################
463		714
…		…
487	my ($self, $cb) = @_;	738	my ($self, $cb) = @_;
488		739
489	$self->{on_drain} = $cb;	740	$self->{on_drain} = $cb;
490		741
491	$cb->($self)	742	$cb->($self)
492	if $cb && $self->{low_water_mark} >= length $self->{wbuf};	743	if $cb && $self->{low_water_mark} >= (length $self->{wbuf}) + (length $self->{_tls_wbuf});
493	}	744	}
494		745
495	=item $handle->push_write ($data)	746	=item $handle->push_write ($data)
496		747
497	Queues the given scalar to be written. You can push as much data as you	748	Queues the given scalar to be written. You can push as much data as you
…		…
508	Scalar::Util::weaken $self;	759	Scalar::Util::weaken $self;
509		760
510	my $cb = sub {	761	my $cb = sub {
511	my $len = syswrite $self->{fh}, $self->{wbuf};	762	my $len = syswrite $self->{fh}, $self->{wbuf};
512		763
513	if ($len >= 0) {	764	if (defined $len) {
514	substr $self->{wbuf}, 0, $len, "";	765	substr $self->{wbuf}, 0, $len, "";
515		766
516	$self->{_activity} = AnyEvent->now;	767	$self->{_activity} = $self->{_wactivity} = AE::now;
517		768
518	$self->{on_drain}($self)	769	$self->{on_drain}($self)
519	if $self->{low_water_mark} >= length $self->{wbuf}	770	if $self->{low_water_mark} >= (length $self->{wbuf}) + (length $self->{_tls_wbuf})
520	&& $self->{on_drain};	771	&& $self->{on_drain};
521		772
522	delete $self->{_ww} unless length $self->{wbuf};	773	delete $self->{_ww} unless length $self->{wbuf};
523	} elsif ($! != EAGAIN && $! != EINTR && $! != WSAEWOULDBLOCK) {	774	} elsif ($! != EAGAIN && $! != EINTR && $! != WSAEWOULDBLOCK) {
524	$self->_error ($!, 1);	775	$self->_error ($!, 1);
…		…
527		778
528	# try to write data immediately	779	# try to write data immediately
529	$cb->() unless $self->{autocork};	780	$cb->() unless $self->{autocork};
530		781
531	# if still data left in wbuf, we need to poll	782	# if still data left in wbuf, we need to poll
532	$self->{_ww} = AnyEvent->io (fh => $self->{fh}, poll => "w", cb => $cb)	783	$self->{_ww} = AE::io $self->{fh}, 1, $cb
533	if length $self->{wbuf};	784	if length $self->{wbuf};
534	};	785	};
535	}	786	}
536		787
537	our %WH;	788	our %WH;
…		…
548		799
549	@_ = ($WH{$type} or Carp::croak "unsupported type passed to AnyEvent::Handle::push_write")	800	@_ = ($WH{$type} or Carp::croak "unsupported type passed to AnyEvent::Handle::push_write")
550	->($self, @_);	801	->($self, @_);
551	}	802	}
552		803
553	if ($self->{filter_w}) {	804	if ($self->{tls}) {
554	$self->{filter_w}($self, \$_[0]);	805	$self->{_tls_wbuf} .= $_[0];
		806	&_dotls ($self) if $self->{fh};
555	} else {	807	} else {
556	$self->{wbuf} .= $_[0];	808	$self->{wbuf} .= $_[0];
557	$self->_drain_wbuf;	809	$self->_drain_wbuf if $self->{fh};
558	}	810	}
559	}	811	}
560		812
561	=item $handle->push_write (type => @args)	813	=item $handle->push_write (type => @args)
562		814
…		…
576	=cut	828	=cut
577		829
578	register_write_type netstring => sub {	830	register_write_type netstring => sub {
579	my ($self, $string) = @_;	831	my ($self, $string) = @_;
580		832
581	sprintf "%d:%s,", (length $string), $string	833	(length $string) . ":$string,"
582	};	834	};
583		835
584	=item packstring => $format, $data	836	=item packstring => $format, $data
585		837
586	An octet string prefixed with an encoded length. The encoding C<$format>	838	An octet string prefixed with an encoded length. The encoding C<$format>
…		…
626	Other languages could read single lines terminated by a newline and pass	878	Other languages could read single lines terminated by a newline and pass
627	this line into their JSON decoder of choice.	879	this line into their JSON decoder of choice.
628		880
629	=cut	881	=cut
630		882
		883	sub json_coder() {
		884	eval { require JSON::XS; JSON::XS->new->utf8 }
		885	|| do { require JSON; JSON->new->utf8 }
		886	}
		887
631	register_write_type json => sub {	888	register_write_type json => sub {
632	my ($self, $ref) = @_;	889	my ($self, $ref) = @_;
633		890
634	require JSON;	891	my $json = $self->{json} ||= json_coder;
635		892
636	$self->{json} ? $self->{json}->encode ($ref)	893	$json->encode ($ref)
637	: JSON::encode_json ($ref)
638	};	894	};
639		895
640	=item storable => $reference	896	=item storable => $reference
641		897
642	Freezes the given reference using L<Storable> and writes it to the	898	Freezes the given reference using L<Storable> and writes it to the
…		…
651		907
652	pack "w/a*", Storable::nfreeze ($ref)	908	pack "w/a*", Storable::nfreeze ($ref)
653	};	909	};
654		910
655	=back	911	=back
		912
		913	=item $handle->push_shutdown
		914
		915	Sometimes you know you want to close the socket after writing your data
		916	before it was actually written. One way to do that is to replace your
		917	C<on_drain> handler by a callback that shuts down the socket (and set
		918	C<low_water_mark> to C<0>). This method is a shorthand for just that, and
		919	replaces the C<on_drain> callback with:
		920
		921	sub { shutdown $_[0]{fh}, 1 } # for push_shutdown
		922
		923	This simply shuts down the write side and signals an EOF condition to the
		924	the peer.
		925
		926	You can rely on the normal read queue and C<on_eof> handling
		927	afterwards. This is the cleanest way to close a connection.
		928
		929	=cut
		930
		931	sub push_shutdown {
		932	my ($self) = @_;
		933
		934	delete $self->{low_water_mark};
		935	$self->on_drain (sub { shutdown $_[0]{fh}, 1 });
		936	}
656		937
657	=item AnyEvent::Handle::register_write_type type => $coderef->($handle, @args)	938	=item AnyEvent::Handle::register_write_type type => $coderef->($handle, @args)
658		939
659	This function (not method) lets you add your own types to C<push_write>.	940	This function (not method) lets you add your own types to C<push_write>.
660	Whenever the given C<type> is used, C<push_write> will invoke the code	941	Whenever the given C<type> is used, C<push_write> will invoke the code
…		…
754	=cut	1035	=cut
755		1036
756	sub _drain_rbuf {	1037	sub _drain_rbuf {
757	my ($self) = @_;	1038	my ($self) = @_;
758		1039
		1040	# avoid recursion
		1041	return if $self->{_skip_drain_rbuf};
759	local $self->{_in_drain} = 1;	1042	local $self->{_skip_drain_rbuf} = 1;
760
761	if (
762	defined $self->{rbuf_max}
763	&& $self->{rbuf_max} < length $self->{rbuf}
764	) {
765	$self->_error (&Errno::ENOSPC, 1), return;
766	}
767		1043
768	while () {	1044	while () {
		1045	# we need to use a separate tls read buffer, as we must not receive data while
		1046	# we are draining the buffer, and this can only happen with TLS.
		1047	$self->{rbuf} .= delete $self->{_tls_rbuf}
		1048	if exists $self->{_tls_rbuf};
		1049
769	my $len = length $self->{rbuf};	1050	my $len = length $self->{rbuf};
770		1051
771	if (my $cb = shift @{ $self->{_queue} }) {	1052	if (my $cb = shift @{ $self->{_queue} }) {
772	unless ($cb->($self)) {	1053	unless ($cb->($self)) {
773	if ($self->{_eof}) {	1054	# no progress can be made
774	# no progress can be made (not enough data and no data forthcoming)	1055	# (not enough data and no data forthcoming)
775	$self->_error (&Errno::EPIPE, 1), return;	1056	$self->_error (Errno::EPIPE, 1), return
776	}	1057	if $self->{_eof};
777		1058
778	unshift @{ $self->{_queue} }, $cb;	1059	unshift @{ $self->{_queue} }, $cb;
779	last;	1060	last;
780	}	1061	}
781	} elsif ($self->{on_read}) {	1062	} elsif ($self->{on_read}) {
…		…
788	&& !@{ $self->{_queue} } # and the queue is still empty	1069	&& !@{ $self->{_queue} } # and the queue is still empty
789	&& $self->{on_read} # but we still have on_read	1070	&& $self->{on_read} # but we still have on_read
790	) {	1071	) {
791	# no further data will arrive	1072	# no further data will arrive
792	# so no progress can be made	1073	# so no progress can be made
793	$self->_error (&Errno::EPIPE, 1), return	1074	$self->_error (Errno::EPIPE, 1), return
794	if $self->{_eof};	1075	if $self->{_eof};
795		1076
796	last; # more data might arrive	1077	last; # more data might arrive
797	}	1078	}
798	} else {	1079	} else {
799	# read side becomes idle	1080	# read side becomes idle
800	delete $self->{_rw};	1081	delete $self->{_rw} unless $self->{tls};
801	last;	1082	last;
802	}	1083	}
803	}	1084	}
804		1085
805	if ($self->{_eof}) {	1086	if ($self->{_eof}) {
806	if ($self->{on_eof}) {	1087	$self->{on_eof}
807	$self->{on_eof}($self)	1088	? $self->{on_eof}($self)
808	} else {	1089	: $self->_error (0, 1, "Unexpected end-of-file");
809	$self->_error (0, 1);	1090
810	}	1091	return;
		1092	}
		1093
		1094	if (
		1095	defined $self->{rbuf_max}
		1096	&& $self->{rbuf_max} < length $self->{rbuf}
		1097	) {
		1098	$self->_error (Errno::ENOSPC, 1), return;
811	}	1099	}
812		1100
813	# may need to restart read watcher	1101	# may need to restart read watcher
814	unless ($self->{_rw}) {	1102	unless ($self->{_rw}) {
815	$self->start_read	1103	$self->start_read
…		…
827		1115
828	sub on_read {	1116	sub on_read {
829	my ($self, $cb) = @_;	1117	my ($self, $cb) = @_;
830		1118
831	$self->{on_read} = $cb;	1119	$self->{on_read} = $cb;
832	$self->_drain_rbuf if $cb && !$self->{_in_drain};	1120	$self->_drain_rbuf if $cb;
833	}	1121	}
834		1122
835	=item $handle->rbuf	1123	=item $handle->rbuf
836		1124
837	Returns the read buffer (as a modifiable lvalue).	1125	Returns the read buffer (as a modifiable lvalue).
838		1126
839	You can access the read buffer directly as the C<< ->{rbuf} >> member, if	1127	You can access the read buffer directly as the C<< ->{rbuf} >>
840	you want.	1128	member, if you want. However, the only operation allowed on the
		1129	read buffer (apart from looking at it) is removing data from its
		1130	beginning. Otherwise modifying or appending to it is not allowed and will
		1131	lead to hard-to-track-down bugs.
841		1132
842	NOTE: The read buffer should only be used or modified if the C<on_read>,	1133	NOTE: The read buffer should only be used or modified if the C<on_read>,
843	C<push_read> or C<unshift_read> methods are used. The other read methods	1134	C<push_read> or C<unshift_read> methods are used. The other read methods
844	automatically manage the read buffer.	1135	automatically manage the read buffer.
845		1136
…		…
886	$cb = ($RH{$type} or Carp::croak "unsupported type passed to AnyEvent::Handle::push_read")	1177	$cb = ($RH{$type} or Carp::croak "unsupported type passed to AnyEvent::Handle::push_read")
887	->($self, $cb, @_);	1178	->($self, $cb, @_);
888	}	1179	}
889		1180
890	push @{ $self->{_queue} }, $cb;	1181	push @{ $self->{_queue} }, $cb;
891	$self->_drain_rbuf unless $self->{_in_drain};	1182	$self->_drain_rbuf;
892	}	1183	}
893		1184
894	sub unshift_read {	1185	sub unshift_read {
895	my $self = shift;	1186	my $self = shift;
896	my $cb = pop;	1187	my $cb = pop;
…		…
900		1191
901	$cb = ($RH{$type} or Carp::croak "unsupported type passed to AnyEvent::Handle::unshift_read")	1192	$cb = ($RH{$type} or Carp::croak "unsupported type passed to AnyEvent::Handle::unshift_read")
902	->($self, $cb, @_);	1193	->($self, $cb, @_);
903	}	1194	}
904		1195
905
906	unshift @{ $self->{_queue} }, $cb;	1196	unshift @{ $self->{_queue} }, $cb;
907	$self->_drain_rbuf unless $self->{_in_drain};	1197	$self->_drain_rbuf;
908	}	1198	}
909		1199
910	=item $handle->push_read (type => @args, $cb)	1200	=item $handle->push_read (type => @args, $cb)
911		1201
912	=item $handle->unshift_read (type => @args, $cb)	1202	=item $handle->unshift_read (type => @args, $cb)
…		…
1045	return 1;	1335	return 1;
1046	}	1336	}
1047		1337
1048	# reject	1338	# reject
1049	if ($reject && $$rbuf =~ $reject) {	1339	if ($reject && $$rbuf =~ $reject) {
1050	$self->_error (&Errno::EBADMSG);	1340	$self->_error (Errno::EBADMSG);
1051	}	1341	}
1052		1342
1053	# skip	1343	# skip
1054	if ($skip && $$rbuf =~ $skip) {	1344	if ($skip && $$rbuf =~ $skip) {
1055	$data .= substr $$rbuf, 0, $+[0], "";	1345	$data .= substr $$rbuf, 0, $+[0], "";
…		…
1071	my ($self, $cb) = @_;	1361	my ($self, $cb) = @_;
1072		1362
1073	sub {	1363	sub {
1074	unless ($_[0]{rbuf} =~ s/^(0|[1-9][0-9]*)://) {	1364	unless ($_[0]{rbuf} =~ s/^(0|[1-9][0-9]*)://) {
1075	if ($_[0]{rbuf} =~ /[^0-9]/) {	1365	if ($_[0]{rbuf} =~ /[^0-9]/) {
1076	$self->_error (&Errno::EBADMSG);	1366	$self->_error (Errno::EBADMSG);
1077	}	1367	}
1078	return;	1368	return;
1079	}	1369	}
1080		1370
1081	my $len = $1;	1371	my $len = $1;
…		…
1084	my $string = $_[1];	1374	my $string = $_[1];
1085	$_[0]->unshift_read (chunk => 1, sub {	1375	$_[0]->unshift_read (chunk => 1, sub {
1086	if ($_[1] eq ",") {	1376	if ($_[1] eq ",") {
1087	$cb->($_[0], $string);	1377	$cb->($_[0], $string);
1088	} else {	1378	} else {
1089	$self->_error (&Errno::EBADMSG);	1379	$self->_error (Errno::EBADMSG);
1090	}	1380	}
1091	});	1381	});
1092	});	1382	});
1093		1383
1094	1	1384	1
…		…
1100	An octet string prefixed with an encoded length. The encoding C<$format>	1390	An octet string prefixed with an encoded length. The encoding C<$format>
1101	uses the same format as a Perl C<pack> format, but must specify a single	1391	uses the same format as a Perl C<pack> format, but must specify a single
1102	integer only (only one of C<cCsSlLqQiInNvVjJw> is allowed, plus an	1392	integer only (only one of C<cCsSlLqQiInNvVjJw> is allowed, plus an
1103	optional C<!>, C<< < >> or C<< > >> modifier).	1393	optional C<!>, C<< < >> or C<< > >> modifier).
1104		1394
1105	DNS over TCP uses a prefix of C<n>, EPP uses a prefix of C<N>.	1395	For example, DNS over TCP uses a prefix of C<n> (2 octet network order),
		1396	EPP uses a prefix of C<N> (4 octtes).
1106		1397
1107	Example: read a block of data prefixed by its length in BER-encoded	1398	Example: read a block of data prefixed by its length in BER-encoded
1108	format (very efficient).	1399	format (very efficient).
1109		1400
1110	$handle->push_read (packstring => "w", sub {	1401	$handle->push_read (packstring => "w", sub {
…		…
1140	}	1431	}
1141	};	1432	};
1142		1433
1143	=item json => $cb->($handle, $hash_or_arrayref)	1434	=item json => $cb->($handle, $hash_or_arrayref)
1144		1435
1145	Reads a JSON object or array, decodes it and passes it to the callback.	1436	Reads a JSON object or array, decodes it and passes it to the
		1437	callback. When a parse error occurs, an C<EBADMSG> error will be raised.
1146		1438
1147	If a C<json> object was passed to the constructor, then that will be used	1439	If a C<json> object was passed to the constructor, then that will be used
1148	for the final decode, otherwise it will create a JSON coder expecting UTF-8.	1440	for the final decode, otherwise it will create a JSON coder expecting UTF-8.
1149		1441
1150	This read type uses the incremental parser available with JSON version	1442	This read type uses the incremental parser available with JSON version
…		…
1159	=cut	1451	=cut
1160		1452
1161	register_read_type json => sub {	1453	register_read_type json => sub {
1162	my ($self, $cb) = @_;	1454	my ($self, $cb) = @_;
1163		1455
1164	require JSON;	1456	my $json = $self->{json} ||= json_coder;
1165		1457
1166	my $data;	1458	my $data;
1167	my $rbuf = \$self->{rbuf};	1459	my $rbuf = \$self->{rbuf};
1168		1460
1169	my $json = $self->{json} ||= JSON->new->utf8;
1170
1171	sub {	1461	sub {
1172	my $ref = $json->incr_parse ($self->{rbuf});	1462	my $ref = eval { $json->incr_parse ($self->{rbuf}) };
1173		1463
1174	if ($ref) {	1464	if ($ref) {
1175	$self->{rbuf} = $json->incr_text;	1465	$self->{rbuf} = $json->incr_text;
1176	$json->incr_text = "";	1466	$json->incr_text = "";
1177	$cb->($self, $ref);	1467	$cb->($self, $ref);
1178		1468
1179	1	1469	1
		1470	} elsif ($@) {
		1471	# error case
		1472	$json->incr_skip;
		1473
		1474	$self->{rbuf} = $json->incr_text;
		1475	$json->incr_text = "";
		1476
		1477	$self->_error (Errno::EBADMSG);
		1478
		1479	()
1180	} else {	1480	} else {
1181	$self->{rbuf} = "";	1481	$self->{rbuf} = "";
		1482
1182	()	1483	()
1183	}	1484	}
1184	}	1485	}
1185	};	1486	};
1186		1487
…		…
1218	# read remaining chunk	1519	# read remaining chunk
1219	$_[0]->unshift_read (chunk => $len, sub {	1520	$_[0]->unshift_read (chunk => $len, sub {
1220	if (my $ref = eval { Storable::thaw ($_[1]) }) {	1521	if (my $ref = eval { Storable::thaw ($_[1]) }) {
1221	$cb->($_[0], $ref);	1522	$cb->($_[0], $ref);
1222	} else {	1523	} else {
1223	$self->_error (&Errno::EBADMSG);	1524	$self->_error (Errno::EBADMSG);
1224	}	1525	}
1225	});	1526	});
1226	}	1527	}
1227		1528
1228	1	1529	1
…		…
1263	Note that AnyEvent::Handle will automatically C<start_read> for you when	1564	Note that AnyEvent::Handle will automatically C<start_read> for you when
1264	you change the C<on_read> callback or push/unshift a read callback, and it	1565	you change the C<on_read> callback or push/unshift a read callback, and it
1265	will automatically C<stop_read> for you when neither C<on_read> is set nor	1566	will automatically C<stop_read> for you when neither C<on_read> is set nor
1266	there are any read requests in the queue.	1567	there are any read requests in the queue.
1267		1568
		1569	These methods will have no effect when in TLS mode (as TLS doesn't support
		1570	half-duplex connections).
		1571
1268	=cut	1572	=cut
1269		1573
1270	sub stop_read {	1574	sub stop_read {
1271	my ($self) = @_;	1575	my ($self) = @_;
1272		1576
1273	delete $self->{_rw};	1577	delete $self->{_rw} unless $self->{tls};
1274	}	1578	}
1275		1579
1276	sub start_read {	1580	sub start_read {
1277	my ($self) = @_;	1581	my ($self) = @_;
1278		1582
1279	unless ($self->{_rw} || $self->{_eof}) {	1583	unless ($self->{_rw} || $self->{_eof}) {
1280	Scalar::Util::weaken $self;	1584	Scalar::Util::weaken $self;
1281		1585
1282	$self->{_rw} = AnyEvent->io (fh => $self->{fh}, poll => "r", cb => sub {	1586	$self->{_rw} = AE::io $self->{fh}, 0, sub {
1283	my $rbuf = $self->{filter_r} ? \my $buf : \$self->{rbuf};	1587	my $rbuf = \($self->{tls} ? my $buf : $self->{rbuf});
1284	my $len = sysread $self->{fh}, $$rbuf, $self->{read_size} || 8192, length $$rbuf;	1588	my $len = sysread $self->{fh}, $$rbuf, $self->{read_size} || 8192, length $$rbuf;
1285		1589
1286	if ($len > 0) {	1590	if ($len > 0) {
1287	$self->{_activity} = AnyEvent->now;	1591	$self->{_activity} = $self->{_ractivity} = AE::now;
1288		1592
1289	$self->{filter_r}	1593	if ($self->{tls}) {
1290	? $self->{filter_r}($self, $rbuf)	1594	Net::SSLeay::BIO_write ($self->{_rbio}, $$rbuf);
1291	: $self->{_in_drain} || $self->_drain_rbuf;	1595
		1596	&_dotls ($self);
		1597	} else {
		1598	$self->_drain_rbuf;
		1599	}
1292		1600
1293	} elsif (defined $len) {	1601	} elsif (defined $len) {
1294	delete $self->{_rw};	1602	delete $self->{_rw};
1295	$self->{_eof} = 1;	1603	$self->{_eof} = 1;
1296	$self->_drain_rbuf unless $self->{_in_drain};	1604	$self->_drain_rbuf;
1297		1605
1298	} elsif ($! != EAGAIN && $! != EINTR && $! != WSAEWOULDBLOCK) {	1606	} elsif ($! != EAGAIN && $! != EINTR && $! != WSAEWOULDBLOCK) {
1299	return $self->_error ($!, 1);	1607	return $self->_error ($!, 1);
1300	}	1608	}
1301	});	1609	};
1302	}	1610	}
1303	}	1611	}
1304		1612
		1613	our $ERROR_SYSCALL;
		1614	our $ERROR_WANT_READ;
		1615
		1616	sub _tls_error {
		1617	my ($self, $err) = @_;
		1618
		1619	return $self->_error ($!, 1)
		1620	if $err == Net::SSLeay::ERROR_SYSCALL ();
		1621
		1622	my $err =Net::SSLeay::ERR_error_string (Net::SSLeay::ERR_get_error ());
		1623
		1624	# reduce error string to look less scary
		1625	$err =~ s/^error:[0-9a-fA-F]{8}:[^:]+:([^:]+):/\L$1: /;
		1626
		1627	if ($self->{_on_starttls}) {
		1628	(delete $self->{_on_starttls})->($self, undef, $err);
		1629	&_freetls;
		1630	} else {
		1631	&_freetls;
		1632	$self->_error (Errno::EPROTO, 1, $err);
		1633	}
		1634	}
		1635
		1636	# poll the write BIO and send the data if applicable
		1637	# also decode read data if possible
		1638	# this is basiclaly our TLS state machine
		1639	# more efficient implementations are possible with openssl,
		1640	# but not with the buggy and incomplete Net::SSLeay.
1305	sub _dotls {	1641	sub _dotls {
1306	my ($self) = @_;	1642	my ($self) = @_;
1307		1643
1308	my $buf;	1644	my $tmp;
1309		1645
1310	if (length $self->{_tls_wbuf}) {	1646	if (length $self->{_tls_wbuf}) {
1311	while ((my $len = Net::SSLeay::write ($self->{tls}, $self->{_tls_wbuf})) > 0) {	1647	while (($tmp = Net::SSLeay::write ($self->{tls}, $self->{_tls_wbuf})) > 0) {
1312	substr $self->{_tls_wbuf}, 0, $len, "";	1648	substr $self->{_tls_wbuf}, 0, $tmp, "";
1313	}	1649	}
1314	}
1315		1650
		1651	$tmp = Net::SSLeay::get_error ($self->{tls}, $tmp);
		1652	return $self->_tls_error ($tmp)
		1653	if $tmp != $ERROR_WANT_READ
		1654	&& ($tmp != $ERROR_SYSCALL || $!);
		1655	}
		1656
		1657	while (defined ($tmp = Net::SSLeay::read ($self->{tls}))) {
		1658	unless (length $tmp) {
		1659	$self->{_on_starttls}
		1660	and (delete $self->{_on_starttls})->($self, undef, "EOF during handshake"); # ???
		1661	&_freetls;
		1662
		1663	if ($self->{on_stoptls}) {
		1664	$self->{on_stoptls}($self);
		1665	return;
		1666	} else {
		1667	# let's treat SSL-eof as we treat normal EOF
		1668	delete $self->{_rw};
		1669	$self->{_eof} = 1;
		1670	}
		1671	}
		1672
		1673	$self->{_tls_rbuf} .= $tmp;
		1674	$self->_drain_rbuf;
		1675	$self->{tls} or return; # tls session might have gone away in callback
		1676	}
		1677
		1678	$tmp = Net::SSLeay::get_error ($self->{tls}, -1);
		1679	return $self->_tls_error ($tmp)
		1680	if $tmp != $ERROR_WANT_READ
		1681	&& ($tmp != $ERROR_SYSCALL || $!);
		1682
1316	if (length ($buf = Net::SSLeay::BIO_read ($self->{_wbio}))) {	1683	while (length ($tmp = Net::SSLeay::BIO_read ($self->{_wbio}))) {
1317	$self->{wbuf} .= $buf;	1684	$self->{wbuf} .= $tmp;
1318	$self->_drain_wbuf;	1685	$self->_drain_wbuf;
1319	}	1686	}
1320		1687
1321	while (defined ($buf = Net::SSLeay::read ($self->{tls}))) {	1688	$self->{_on_starttls}
1322	if (length $buf) {	1689	and Net::SSLeay::state ($self->{tls}) == Net::SSLeay::ST_OK ()
1323	$self->{rbuf} .= $buf;	1690	and (delete $self->{_on_starttls})->($self, 1, "TLS/SSL connection established");
1324	$self->_drain_rbuf unless $self->{_in_drain};
1325	} else {
1326	# let's treat SSL-eof as we treat normal EOF
1327	$self->{_eof} = 1;
1328	$self->_shutdown;
1329	return;
1330	}
1331	}
1332
1333	my $err = Net::SSLeay::get_error ($self->{tls}, -1);
1334
1335	if ($err!= Net::SSLeay::ERROR_WANT_READ ()) {
1336	if ($err == Net::SSLeay::ERROR_SYSCALL ()) {
1337	return $self->_error ($!, 1);
1338	} elsif ($err == Net::SSLeay::ERROR_SSL ()) {
1339	return $self->_error (&Errno::EIO, 1);
1340	}
1341
1342	# all others are fine for our purposes
1343	}
1344	}	1691	}
1345		1692
1346	=item $handle->starttls ($tls[, $tls_ctx])	1693	=item $handle->starttls ($tls[, $tls_ctx])
1347		1694
1348	Instead of starting TLS negotiation immediately when the AnyEvent::Handle	1695	Instead of starting TLS negotiation immediately when the AnyEvent::Handle
1349	object is created, you can also do that at a later time by calling	1696	object is created, you can also do that at a later time by calling
1350	C<starttls>.	1697	C<starttls>.
1351		1698
		1699	Starting TLS is currently an asynchronous operation - when you push some
		1700	write data and then call C<< ->starttls >> then TLS negotiation will start
		1701	immediately, after which the queued write data is then sent.
		1702
1352	The first argument is the same as the C<tls> constructor argument (either	1703	The first argument is the same as the C<tls> constructor argument (either
1353	C<"connect">, C<"accept"> or an existing Net::SSLeay object).	1704	C<"connect">, C<"accept"> or an existing Net::SSLeay object).
1354		1705
1355	The second argument is the optional C<Net::SSLeay::CTX> object that is	1706	The second argument is the optional C<AnyEvent::TLS> object that is used
1356	used when AnyEvent::Handle has to create its own TLS connection object.	1707	when AnyEvent::Handle has to create its own TLS connection object, or
		1708	a hash reference with C<< key => value >> pairs that will be used to
		1709	construct a new context.
1357		1710
1358	The TLS connection object will end up in C<< $handle->{tls} >> after this	1711	The TLS connection object will end up in C<< $handle->{tls} >>, the TLS
1359	call and can be used or changed to your liking. Note that the handshake	1712	context in C<< $handle->{tls_ctx} >> after this call and can be used or
1360	might have already started when this function returns.	1713	changed to your liking. Note that the handshake might have already started
		1714	when this function returns.
1361		1715
		1716	Due to bugs in OpenSSL, it might or might not be possible to do multiple
		1717	handshakes on the same stream. Best do not attempt to use the stream after
		1718	stopping TLS.
		1719
1362	=cut	1720	=cut
		1721
		1722	our %TLS_CACHE; #TODO not yet documented, should we?
1363		1723
1364	sub starttls {	1724	sub starttls {
1365	my ($self, $ssl, $ctx) = @_;	1725	my ($self, $tls, $ctx) = @_;
1366		1726
1367	$self->stoptls;	1727	Carp::croak "It is an error to call starttls on an AnyEvent::Handle object while TLS is already active, caught"
		1728	if $self->{tls};
1368		1729
1369	if ($ssl eq "accept") {	1730	$self->{tls} = $tls;
1370	$ssl = Net::SSLeay::new ($ctx || TLS_CTX ());	1731	$self->{tls_ctx} = $ctx if @_ > 2;
1371	Net::SSLeay::set_accept_state ($ssl);	1732
1372	} elsif ($ssl eq "connect") {	1733	return unless $self->{fh};
1373	$ssl = Net::SSLeay::new ($ctx || TLS_CTX ());	1734
1374	Net::SSLeay::set_connect_state ($ssl);	1735	require Net::SSLeay;
		1736
		1737	$ERROR_SYSCALL = Net::SSLeay::ERROR_SYSCALL ();
		1738	$ERROR_WANT_READ = Net::SSLeay::ERROR_WANT_READ ();
		1739
		1740	$tls = delete $self->{tls};
		1741	$ctx = $self->{tls_ctx};
		1742
		1743	local $Carp::CarpLevel = 1; # skip ourselves when creating a new context or session
		1744
		1745	if ("HASH" eq ref $ctx) {
		1746	require AnyEvent::TLS;
		1747
		1748	if ($ctx->{cache}) {
		1749	my $key = $ctx+0;
		1750	$ctx = $TLS_CACHE{$key} ||= new AnyEvent::TLS %$ctx;
		1751	} else {
		1752	$ctx = new AnyEvent::TLS %$ctx;
		1753	}
		1754	}
1375	}	1755
1376		1756	$self->{tls_ctx} = $ctx || TLS_CTX ();
1377	$self->{tls} = $ssl;	1757	$self->{tls} = $tls = $self->{tls_ctx}->_get_session ($tls, $self, $self->{peername});
1378		1758
1379	# basically, this is deep magic (because SSL_read should have the same issues)	1759	# basically, this is deep magic (because SSL_read should have the same issues)
1380	# but the openssl maintainers basically said: "trust us, it just works".	1760	# but the openssl maintainers basically said: "trust us, it just works".
1381	# (unfortunately, we have to hardcode constants because the abysmally misdesigned	1761	# (unfortunately, we have to hardcode constants because the abysmally misdesigned
1382	# and mismaintained ssleay-module doesn't even offer them).	1762	# and mismaintained ssleay-module doesn't even offer them).
1383	# http://www.mail-archive.com/openssl-dev@openssl.org/msg22420.html	1763	# http://www.mail-archive.com/openssl-dev@openssl.org/msg22420.html
1384	#	1764	#
1385	# in short: this is a mess.	1765	# in short: this is a mess.
1386	#	1766	#
1387	# note that we do not try to kepe the length constant between writes as we are required to do.	1767	# note that we do not try to keep the length constant between writes as we are required to do.
1388	# we assume that most (but not all) of this insanity only applies to non-blocking cases,	1768	# we assume that most (but not all) of this insanity only applies to non-blocking cases,
1389	# and we drive openssl fully in blocking mode here.	1769	# and we drive openssl fully in blocking mode here. Or maybe we don't - openssl seems to
		1770	# have identity issues in that area.
1390	Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_mode ($self->{tls},	1771	# Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_mode ($ssl,
1391	(eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; Net::SSLeay::MODE_ENABLE_PARTIAL_WRITE () } || 1)	1772	# (eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; Net::SSLeay::MODE_ENABLE_PARTIAL_WRITE () } || 1)
1392	| (eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; Net::SSLeay::MODE_ACCEPT_MOVING_WRITE_BUFFER () } || 2));	1773	# | (eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; Net::SSLeay::MODE_ACCEPT_MOVING_WRITE_BUFFER () } || 2));
		1774	Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_mode ($tls, 1|2);
1393		1775
1394	$self->{_rbio} = Net::SSLeay::BIO_new (Net::SSLeay::BIO_s_mem ());	1776	$self->{_rbio} = Net::SSLeay::BIO_new (Net::SSLeay::BIO_s_mem ());
1395	$self->{_wbio} = Net::SSLeay::BIO_new (Net::SSLeay::BIO_s_mem ());	1777	$self->{_wbio} = Net::SSLeay::BIO_new (Net::SSLeay::BIO_s_mem ());
1396		1778
		1779	Net::SSLeay::BIO_write ($self->{_rbio}, delete $self->{rbuf});
		1780
1397	Net::SSLeay::set_bio ($ssl, $self->{_rbio}, $self->{_wbio});	1781	Net::SSLeay::set_bio ($tls, $self->{_rbio}, $self->{_wbio});
1398		1782
1399	$self->{filter_w} = sub {	1783	$self->{_on_starttls} = sub { $_[0]{on_starttls}(@_) }
1400	$_[0]{_tls_wbuf} .= ${$_[1]};	1784	if $self->{on_starttls};
1401	&_dotls;	1785
1402	};	1786	&_dotls; # need to trigger the initial handshake
1403	$self->{filter_r} = sub {	1787	$self->start_read; # make sure we actually do read
1404	Net::SSLeay::BIO_write ($_[0]{_rbio}, ${$_[1]});
1405	&_dotls;
1406	};
1407	}	1788	}
1408		1789
1409	=item $handle->stoptls	1790	=item $handle->stoptls
1410		1791
1411	Destroys the SSL connection, if any. Partial read or write data will be	1792	Shuts down the SSL connection - this makes a proper EOF handshake by
1412	lost.	1793	sending a close notify to the other side, but since OpenSSL doesn't
		1794	support non-blocking shut downs, it is not guarenteed that you can re-use
		1795	the stream afterwards.
1413		1796
1414	=cut	1797	=cut
1415		1798
1416	sub stoptls {	1799	sub stoptls {
1417	my ($self) = @_;	1800	my ($self) = @_;
1418		1801
1419	Net::SSLeay::free (delete $self->{tls}) if $self->{tls};	1802	if ($self->{tls}) {
		1803	Net::SSLeay::shutdown ($self->{tls});
1420		1804
1421	delete $self->{_rbio};	1805	&_dotls;
1422	delete $self->{_wbio};	1806
1423	delete $self->{_tls_wbuf};	1807	# # we don't give a shit. no, we do, but we can't. no...#d#
1424	delete $self->{filter_r};	1808	# # we, we... have to use openssl :/#d#
1425	delete $self->{filter_w};	1809	# &_freetls;#d#
		1810	}
		1811	}
		1812
		1813	sub _freetls {
		1814	my ($self) = @_;
		1815
		1816	return unless $self->{tls};
		1817
		1818	$self->{tls_ctx}->_put_session (delete $self->{tls})
		1819	if $self->{tls} > 0;
		1820
		1821	delete @$self{qw(_rbio _wbio _tls_wbuf _on_starttls)};
1426	}	1822	}
1427		1823
1428	sub DESTROY {	1824	sub DESTROY {
1429	my $self = shift;	1825	my ($self) = @_;
1430		1826
1431	$self->stoptls;	1827	&_freetls;
1432		1828
1433	my $linger = exists $self->{linger} ? $self->{linger} : 3600;	1829	my $linger = exists $self->{linger} ? $self->{linger} : 3600;
1434		1830
1435	if ($linger && length $self->{wbuf}) {	1831	if ($linger && length $self->{wbuf} && $self->{fh}) {
1436	my $fh = delete $self->{fh};	1832	my $fh = delete $self->{fh};
1437	my $wbuf = delete $self->{wbuf};	1833	my $wbuf = delete $self->{wbuf};
1438		1834
1439	my @linger;	1835	my @linger;
1440		1836
1441	push @linger, AnyEvent->io (fh => $fh, poll => "w", cb => sub {	1837	push @linger, AE::io $fh, 1, sub {
1442	my $len = syswrite $fh, $wbuf, length $wbuf;	1838	my $len = syswrite $fh, $wbuf, length $wbuf;
1443		1839
1444	if ($len > 0) {	1840	if ($len > 0) {
1445	substr $wbuf, 0, $len, "";	1841	substr $wbuf, 0, $len, "";
1446	} else {	1842	} else {
1447	@linger = (); # end	1843	@linger = (); # end
1448	}	1844	}
1449	});	1845	};
1450	push @linger, AnyEvent->timer (after => $linger, cb => sub {	1846	push @linger, AE::timer $linger, 0, sub {
1451	@linger = ();	1847	@linger = ();
1452	});	1848	};
1453	}	1849	}
		1850	}
		1851
		1852	=item $handle->destroy
		1853
		1854	Shuts down the handle object as much as possible - this call ensures that
		1855	no further callbacks will be invoked and as many resources as possible
		1856	will be freed. Any method you will call on the handle object after
		1857	destroying it in this way will be silently ignored (and it will return the
		1858	empty list).
		1859
		1860	Normally, you can just "forget" any references to an AnyEvent::Handle
		1861	object and it will simply shut down. This works in fatal error and EOF
		1862	callbacks, as well as code outside. It does I<NOT> work in a read or write
		1863	callback, so when you want to destroy the AnyEvent::Handle object from
		1864	within such an callback. You I<MUST> call C<< ->destroy >> explicitly in
		1865	that case.
		1866
		1867	Destroying the handle object in this way has the advantage that callbacks
		1868	will be removed as well, so if those are the only reference holders (as
		1869	is common), then one doesn't need to do anything special to break any
		1870	reference cycles.
		1871
		1872	The handle might still linger in the background and write out remaining
		1873	data, as specified by the C<linger> option, however.
		1874
		1875	=cut
		1876
		1877	sub destroy {
		1878	my ($self) = @_;
		1879
		1880	$self->DESTROY;
		1881	%$self = ();
		1882	bless $self, "AnyEvent::Handle::destroyed";
		1883	}
		1884
		1885	sub AnyEvent::Handle::destroyed::AUTOLOAD {
		1886	#nop
1454	}	1887	}
1455		1888
1456	=item AnyEvent::Handle::TLS_CTX	1889	=item AnyEvent::Handle::TLS_CTX
1457		1890
1458	This function creates and returns the Net::SSLeay::CTX object used by	1891	This function creates and returns the AnyEvent::TLS object used by default
1459	default for TLS mode.	1892	for TLS mode.
1460		1893
1461	The context is created like this:	1894	The context is created by calling L<AnyEvent::TLS> without any arguments.
1462
1463	Net::SSLeay::load_error_strings;
1464	Net::SSLeay::SSLeay_add_ssl_algorithms;
1465	Net::SSLeay::randomize;
1466
1467	my $CTX = Net::SSLeay::CTX_new;
1468
1469	Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_options $CTX, Net::SSLeay::OP_ALL
1470		1895
1471	=cut	1896	=cut
1472		1897
1473	our $TLS_CTX;	1898	our $TLS_CTX;
1474		1899
1475	sub TLS_CTX() {	1900	sub TLS_CTX() {
1476	$TLS_CTX || do {	1901	$TLS_CTX ||= do {
1477	require Net::SSLeay;	1902	require AnyEvent::TLS;
1478		1903
1479	Net::SSLeay::load_error_strings ();	1904	new AnyEvent::TLS
1480	Net::SSLeay::SSLeay_add_ssl_algorithms ();
1481	Net::SSLeay::randomize ();
1482
1483	$TLS_CTX = Net::SSLeay::CTX_new ();
1484
1485	Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_options ($TLS_CTX, Net::SSLeay::OP_ALL ());
1486
1487	$TLS_CTX
1488	}	1905	}
1489	}	1906	}
1490		1907
1491	=back	1908	=back
		1909
		1910
		1911	=head1 NONFREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS
		1912
		1913	=over 4
		1914
		1915	=item I C<undef> the AnyEvent::Handle reference inside my callback and
		1916	still get further invocations!
		1917
		1918	That's because AnyEvent::Handle keeps a reference to itself when handling
		1919	read or write callbacks.
		1920
		1921	It is only safe to "forget" the reference inside EOF or error callbacks,
		1922	from within all other callbacks, you need to explicitly call the C<<
		1923	->destroy >> method.
		1924
		1925	=item I get different callback invocations in TLS mode/Why can't I pause
		1926	reading?
		1927
		1928	Unlike, say, TCP, TLS connections do not consist of two independent
		1929	communication channels, one for each direction. Or put differently. The
		1930	read and write directions are not independent of each other: you cannot
		1931	write data unless you are also prepared to read, and vice versa.
		1932
		1933	This can mean than, in TLS mode, you might get C<on_error> or C<on_eof>
		1934	callback invocations when you are not expecting any read data - the reason
		1935	is that AnyEvent::Handle always reads in TLS mode.
		1936
		1937	During the connection, you have to make sure that you always have a
		1938	non-empty read-queue, or an C<on_read> watcher. At the end of the
		1939	connection (or when you no longer want to use it) you can call the
		1940	C<destroy> method.
		1941
		1942	=item How do I read data until the other side closes the connection?
		1943
		1944	If you just want to read your data into a perl scalar, the easiest way
		1945	to achieve this is by setting an C<on_read> callback that does nothing,
		1946	clearing the C<on_eof> callback and in the C<on_error> callback, the data
		1947	will be in C<$_[0]{rbuf}>:
		1948
		1949	$handle->on_read (sub { });
		1950	$handle->on_eof (undef);
		1951	$handle->on_error (sub {
		1952	my $data = delete $_[0]{rbuf};
		1953	});
		1954
		1955	The reason to use C<on_error> is that TCP connections, due to latencies
		1956	and packets loss, might get closed quite violently with an error, when in
		1957	fact, all data has been received.
		1958
		1959	It is usually better to use acknowledgements when transferring data,
		1960	to make sure the other side hasn't just died and you got the data
		1961	intact. This is also one reason why so many internet protocols have an
		1962	explicit QUIT command.
		1963
		1964	=item I don't want to destroy the handle too early - how do I wait until
		1965	all data has been written?
		1966
		1967	After writing your last bits of data, set the C<on_drain> callback
		1968	and destroy the handle in there - with the default setting of
		1969	C<low_water_mark> this will be called precisely when all data has been
		1970	written to the socket:
		1971
		1972	$handle->push_write (...);
		1973	$handle->on_drain (sub {
		1974	warn "all data submitted to the kernel\n";
		1975	undef $handle;
		1976	});
		1977
		1978	If you just want to queue some data and then signal EOF to the other side,
		1979	consider using C<< ->push_shutdown >> instead.
		1980
		1981	=item I want to contact a TLS/SSL server, I don't care about security.
		1982
		1983	If your TLS server is a pure TLS server (e.g. HTTPS) that only speaks TLS,
		1984	simply connect to it and then create the AnyEvent::Handle with the C<tls>
		1985	parameter:
		1986
		1987	tcp_connect $host, $port, sub {
		1988	my ($fh) = @_;
		1989
		1990	my $handle = new AnyEvent::Handle
		1991	fh => $fh,
		1992	tls => "connect",
		1993	on_error => sub { ... };
		1994
		1995	$handle->push_write (...);
		1996	};
		1997
		1998	=item I want to contact a TLS/SSL server, I do care about security.
		1999
		2000	Then you should additionally enable certificate verification, including
		2001	peername verification, if the protocol you use supports it (see
		2002	L<AnyEvent::TLS>, C<verify_peername>).
		2003
		2004	E.g. for HTTPS:
		2005
		2006	tcp_connect $host, $port, sub {
		2007	my ($fh) = @_;
		2008
		2009	my $handle = new AnyEvent::Handle
		2010	fh => $fh,
		2011	peername => $host,
		2012	tls => "connect",
		2013	tls_ctx => { verify => 1, verify_peername => "https" },
		2014	...
		2015
		2016	Note that you must specify the hostname you connected to (or whatever
		2017	"peername" the protocol needs) as the C<peername> argument, otherwise no
		2018	peername verification will be done.
		2019
		2020	The above will use the system-dependent default set of trusted CA
		2021	certificates. If you want to check against a specific CA, add the
		2022	C<ca_file> (or C<ca_cert>) arguments to C<tls_ctx>:
		2023
		2024	tls_ctx => {
		2025	verify => 1,
		2026	verify_peername => "https",
		2027	ca_file => "my-ca-cert.pem",
		2028	},
		2029
		2030	=item I want to create a TLS/SSL server, how do I do that?
		2031
		2032	Well, you first need to get a server certificate and key. You have
		2033	three options: a) ask a CA (buy one, use cacert.org etc.) b) create a
		2034	self-signed certificate (cheap. check the search engine of your choice,
		2035	there are many tutorials on the net) or c) make your own CA (tinyca2 is a
		2036	nice program for that purpose).
		2037
		2038	Then create a file with your private key (in PEM format, see
		2039	L<AnyEvent::TLS>), followed by the certificate (also in PEM format). The
		2040	file should then look like this:
		2041
		2042	-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
		2043	...header data
		2044	... lots of base64'y-stuff
		2045	-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
		2046
		2047	-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
		2048	... lots of base64'y-stuff
		2049	-----END CERTIFICATE-----
		2050
		2051	The important bits are the "PRIVATE KEY" and "CERTIFICATE" parts. Then
		2052	specify this file as C<cert_file>:
		2053
		2054	tcp_server undef, $port, sub {
		2055	my ($fh) = @_;
		2056
		2057	my $handle = new AnyEvent::Handle
		2058	fh => $fh,
		2059	tls => "accept",
		2060	tls_ctx => { cert_file => "my-server-keycert.pem" },
		2061	...
		2062
		2063	When you have intermediate CA certificates that your clients might not
		2064	know about, just append them to the C<cert_file>.
		2065
		2066	=back
		2067
1492		2068
1493	=head1 SUBCLASSING AnyEvent::Handle	2069	=head1 SUBCLASSING AnyEvent::Handle
1494		2070
1495	In many cases, you might want to subclass AnyEvent::Handle.	2071	In many cases, you might want to subclass AnyEvent::Handle.
1496		2072

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