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Revision 1.234 by root, Wed Apr 18 09:44:10 2012 UTC

1	package AnyEvent::Handle;
2
3	no warnings;
4	use strict qw(subs vars);
5
6	use AnyEvent ();
7	use AnyEvent::Util qw(WSAEWOULDBLOCK);
8	use Scalar::Util ();
9	use Carp ();
10	use Fcntl ();
11	use Errno qw(EAGAIN EINTR);
12
13	=head1 NAME	1	=head1 NAME
14		2
15	AnyEvent::Handle - non-blocking I/O on file handles via AnyEvent	3	AnyEvent::Handle - non-blocking I/O on streaming handles via AnyEvent
16
17	=cut
18
19	our $VERSION = 4.233;
20		4
21	=head1 SYNOPSIS	5	=head1 SYNOPSIS
22		6
23	use AnyEvent;	7	use AnyEvent;
24	use AnyEvent::Handle;	8	use AnyEvent::Handle;
25		9
26	my $cv = AnyEvent->condvar;	10	my $cv = AnyEvent->condvar;
27		11
28	my $handle =	12	my $hdl; $hdl = new AnyEvent::Handle
29	AnyEvent::Handle->new (
30	fh => \*STDIN,	13	fh => \*STDIN,
31	on_eof => sub {	14	on_error => sub {
32	$cv->broadcast;	15	my ($hdl, $fatal, $msg) = @_;
33	},	16	AE::log error => $msg;
		17	$hdl->destroy;
		18	$cv->send;
34	);	19	};
35		20
36	# send some request line	21	# send some request line
37	$handle->push_write ("getinfo\015\012");	22	$hdl->push_write ("getinfo\015\012");
38		23
39	# read the response line	24	# read the response line
40	$handle->push_read (line => sub {	25	$hdl->push_read (line => sub {
41	my ($handle, $line) = @_;	26	my ($hdl, $line) = @_;
42	warn "read line <$line>\n";	27	say "got line <$line>";
43	$cv->send;	28	$cv->send;
44	});	29	});
45		30
46	$cv->recv;	31	$cv->recv;
47		32
48	=head1 DESCRIPTION	33	=head1 DESCRIPTION
49		34
50	This module is a helper module to make it easier to do event-based I/O on	35	This is a helper module to make it easier to do event-based I/O on
51	filehandles. For utility functions for doing non-blocking connects and accepts	36	stream-based filehandles (sockets, pipes, and other stream things).
52	on sockets see L<AnyEvent::Util>.
53		37
54	The L<AnyEvent::Intro> tutorial contains some well-documented	38	The L<AnyEvent::Intro> tutorial contains some well-documented
55	AnyEvent::Handle examples.	39	AnyEvent::Handle examples.
56		40
57	In the following, when the documentation refers to of "bytes" then this	41	In the following, where the documentation refers to "bytes", it means
58	means characters. As sysread and syswrite are used for all I/O, their	42	characters. As sysread and syswrite are used for all I/O, their
59	treatment of characters applies to this module as well.	43	treatment of characters applies to this module as well.
		44
		45	At the very minimum, you should specify C<fh> or C<connect>, and the
		46	C<on_error> callback.
60		47
61	All callbacks will be invoked with the handle object as their first	48	All callbacks will be invoked with the handle object as their first
62	argument.	49	argument.
63		50
		51	=cut
		52
		53	package AnyEvent::Handle;
		54
		55	use Scalar::Util ();
		56	use List::Util ();
		57	use Carp ();
		58	use Errno qw(EAGAIN EINTR);
		59
		60	use AnyEvent (); BEGIN { AnyEvent::common_sense }
		61	use AnyEvent::Util qw(WSAEWOULDBLOCK);
		62
		63	our $VERSION = $AnyEvent::VERSION;
		64
		65	sub _load_func($) {
		66	my $func = $_[0];
		67
		68	unless (defined &$func) {
		69	my $pkg = $func;
		70	do {
		71	$pkg =~ s/::[^:]+$//
		72	or return;
		73	eval "require $pkg";
		74	} until defined &$func;
		75	}
		76
		77	\&$func
		78	}
		79
		80	sub MAX_READ_SIZE() { 131072 }
		81
64	=head1 METHODS	82	=head1 METHODS
65		83
66	=over 4	84	=over 4
67		85
68	=item B<new (%args)>	86	=item $handle = B<new> AnyEvent::Handle fh => $filehandle, key => value...
69		87
70	The constructor supports these arguments (all as key => value pairs).	88	The constructor supports these arguments (all as C<< key => value >> pairs).
71		89
72	=over 4	90	=over 4
73		91
74	=item fh => $filehandle [MANDATORY]	92	=item fh => $filehandle [C<fh> or C<connect> MANDATORY]
75		93
76	The filehandle this L<AnyEvent::Handle> object will operate on.	94	The filehandle this L<AnyEvent::Handle> object will operate on.
77
78	NOTE: The filehandle will be set to non-blocking mode (using	95	NOTE: The filehandle will be set to non-blocking mode (using
79	C<AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking>) by the constructor and needs to stay in	96	C<AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking>) by the constructor and needs to stay in
80	that mode.	97	that mode.
81		98
		99	=item connect => [$host, $service] [C<fh> or C<connect> MANDATORY]
		100
		101	Try to connect to the specified host and service (port), using
		102	C<AnyEvent::Socket::tcp_connect>. The C<$host> additionally becomes the
		103	default C<peername>.
		104
		105	You have to specify either this parameter, or C<fh>, above.
		106
		107	It is possible to push requests on the read and write queues, and modify
		108	properties of the stream, even while AnyEvent::Handle is connecting.
		109
		110	When this parameter is specified, then the C<on_prepare>,
		111	C<on_connect_error> and C<on_connect> callbacks will be called under the
		112	appropriate circumstances:
		113
		114	=over 4
		115
82	=item on_eof => $cb->($handle)	116	=item on_prepare => $cb->($handle)
83		117
84	Set the callback to be called when an end-of-file condition is detected,	118	This (rarely used) callback is called before a new connection is
85	i.e. in the case of a socket, when the other side has closed the	119	attempted, but after the file handle has been created (you can access that
86	connection cleanly.	120	file handle via C<< $handle->{fh} >>). It could be used to prepare the
		121	file handle with parameters required for the actual connect (as opposed to
		122	settings that can be changed when the connection is already established).
87		123
88	For sockets, this just means that the other side has stopped sending data,	124	The return value of this callback should be the connect timeout value in
89	you can still try to write data, and, in fact, one can return from the eof	125	seconds (or C<0>, or C<undef>, or the empty list, to indicate that the
90	callback and continue writing data, as only the read part has been shut	126	default timeout is to be used).
91	down.
92		127
93	While not mandatory, it is I<highly> recommended to set an eof callback,	128	=item on_connect => $cb->($handle, $host, $port, $retry->())
94	otherwise you might end up with a closed socket while you are still
95	waiting for data.
96		129
97	If an EOF condition has been detected but no C<on_eof> callback has been	130	This callback is called when a connection has been successfully established.
98	set, then a fatal error will be raised with C<$!> set to <0>.
99		131
		132	The peer's numeric host and port (the socket peername) are passed as
		133	parameters, together with a retry callback. At the time it is called the
		134	read and write queues, EOF status, TLS status and similar properties of
		135	the handle will have been reset.
		136
		137	It is not allowed to use the read or write queues while the handle object
		138	is connecting.
		139
		140	If, for some reason, the handle is not acceptable, calling C<$retry> will
		141	continue with the next connection target (in case of multi-homed hosts or
		142	SRV records there can be multiple connection endpoints). The C<$retry>
		143	callback can be invoked after the connect callback returns, i.e. one can
		144	start a handshake and then decide to retry with the next host if the
		145	handshake fails.
		146
		147	In most cases, you should ignore the C<$retry> parameter.
		148
		149	=item on_connect_error => $cb->($handle, $message)
		150
		151	This callback is called when the connection could not be
		152	established. C<$!> will contain the relevant error code, and C<$message> a
		153	message describing it (usually the same as C<"$!">).
		154
		155	If this callback isn't specified, then C<on_error> will be called with a
		156	fatal error instead.
		157
		158	=back
		159
100	=item on_error => $cb->($handle, $fatal)	160	=item on_error => $cb->($handle, $fatal, $message)
101		161
102	This is the error callback, which is called when, well, some error	162	This is the error callback, which is called when, well, some error
103	occured, such as not being able to resolve the hostname, failure to	163	occured, such as not being able to resolve the hostname, failure to
104	connect or a read error.	164	connect, or a read error.
105		165
106	Some errors are fatal (which is indicated by C<$fatal> being true). On	166	Some errors are fatal (which is indicated by C<$fatal> being true). On
107	fatal errors the handle object will be shut down and will not be usable	167	fatal errors the handle object will be destroyed (by a call to C<< ->
108	(but you are free to look at the current C<< ->rbuf >>). Examples of fatal	168	destroy >>) after invoking the error callback (which means you are free to
109	errors are an EOF condition with active (but unsatisifable) read watchers	169	examine the handle object). Examples of fatal errors are an EOF condition
110	(C<EPIPE>) or I/O errors.	170	with active (but unsatisfiable) read watchers (C<EPIPE>) or I/O errors. In
		171	cases where the other side can close the connection at will, it is
		172	often easiest to not report C<EPIPE> errors in this callback.
111		173
		174	AnyEvent::Handle tries to find an appropriate error code for you to check
		175	against, but in some cases (TLS errors), this does not work well.
		176
		177	If you report the error to the user, it is recommended to always output
		178	the C<$message> argument in human-readable error messages (you don't need
		179	to report C<"$!"> if you report C<$message>).
		180
		181	If you want to react programmatically to the error, then looking at C<$!>
		182	and comparing it against some of the documented C<Errno> values is usually
		183	better than looking at the C<$message>.
		184
112	Non-fatal errors can be retried by simply returning, but it is recommended	185	Non-fatal errors can be retried by returning, but it is recommended
113	to simply ignore this parameter and instead abondon the handle object	186	to simply ignore this parameter and instead abondon the handle object
114	when this callback is invoked. Examples of non-fatal errors are timeouts	187	when this callback is invoked. Examples of non-fatal errors are timeouts
115	C<ETIMEDOUT>) or badly-formatted data (C<EBADMSG>).	188	C<ETIMEDOUT>) or badly-formatted data (C<EBADMSG>).
116		189
117	On callback entrance, the value of C<$!> contains the operating system	190	On entry to the callback, the value of C<$!> contains the operating
118	error (or C<ENOSPC>, C<EPIPE>, C<ETIMEDOUT> or C<EBADMSG>).	191	system error code (or C<ENOSPC>, C<EPIPE>, C<ETIMEDOUT>, C<EBADMSG> or
		192	C<EPROTO>).
119		193
120	While not mandatory, it is I<highly> recommended to set this callback, as	194	While not mandatory, it is I<highly> recommended to set this callback, as
121	you will not be notified of errors otherwise. The default simply calls	195	you will not be notified of errors otherwise. The default just calls
122	C<croak>.	196	C<croak>.
123		197
124	=item on_read => $cb->($handle)	198	=item on_read => $cb->($handle)
125		199
126	This sets the default read callback, which is called when data arrives	200	This sets the default read callback, which is called when data arrives
127	and no read request is in the queue (unlike read queue callbacks, this	201	and no read request is in the queue (unlike read queue callbacks, this
128	callback will only be called when at least one octet of data is in the	202	callback will only be called when at least one octet of data is in the
129	read buffer).	203	read buffer).
130		204
131	To access (and remove data from) the read buffer, use the C<< ->rbuf >>	205	To access (and remove data from) the read buffer, use the C<< ->rbuf >>
132	method or access the C<$handle->{rbuf}> member directly.	206	method or access the C<< $handle->{rbuf} >> member directly. Note that you
		207	must not enlarge or modify the read buffer, you can only remove data at
		208	the beginning from it.
133		209
		210	You can also call C<< ->push_read (...) >> or any other function that
		211	modifies the read queue. Or do both. Or ...
		212
134	When an EOF condition is detected then AnyEvent::Handle will first try to	213	When an EOF condition is detected, AnyEvent::Handle will first try to
135	feed all the remaining data to the queued callbacks and C<on_read> before	214	feed all the remaining data to the queued callbacks and C<on_read> before
136	calling the C<on_eof> callback. If no progress can be made, then a fatal	215	calling the C<on_eof> callback. If no progress can be made, then a fatal
137	error will be raised (with C<$!> set to C<EPIPE>).	216	error will be raised (with C<$!> set to C<EPIPE>).
138		217
		218	Note that, unlike requests in the read queue, an C<on_read> callback
		219	doesn't mean you I<require> some data: if there is an EOF and there
		220	are outstanding read requests then an error will be flagged. With an
		221	C<on_read> callback, the C<on_eof> callback will be invoked.
		222
		223	=item on_eof => $cb->($handle)
		224
		225	Set the callback to be called when an end-of-file condition is detected,
		226	i.e. in the case of a socket, when the other side has closed the
		227	connection cleanly, and there are no outstanding read requests in the
		228	queue (if there are read requests, then an EOF counts as an unexpected
		229	connection close and will be flagged as an error).
		230
		231	For sockets, this just means that the other side has stopped sending data,
		232	you can still try to write data, and, in fact, one can return from the EOF
		233	callback and continue writing data, as only the read part has been shut
		234	down.
		235
		236	If an EOF condition has been detected but no C<on_eof> callback has been
		237	set, then a fatal error will be raised with C<$!> set to <0>.
		238
139	=item on_drain => $cb->($handle)	239	=item on_drain => $cb->($handle)
140		240
141	This sets the callback that is called when the write buffer becomes empty	241	This sets the callback that is called once when the write buffer becomes
142	(or when the callback is set and the buffer is empty already).	242	empty (and immediately when the handle object is created).
143		243
144	To append to the write buffer, use the C<< ->push_write >> method.	244	To append to the write buffer, use the C<< ->push_write >> method.
145		245
146	This callback is useful when you don't want to put all of your write data	246	This callback is useful when you don't want to put all of your write data
147	into the queue at once, for example, when you want to write the contents	247	into the queue at once, for example, when you want to write the contents
…		…
149	memory and push it into the queue, but instead only read more data from	249	memory and push it into the queue, but instead only read more data from
150	the file when the write queue becomes empty.	250	the file when the write queue becomes empty.
151		251
152	=item timeout => $fractional_seconds	252	=item timeout => $fractional_seconds
153		253
		254	=item rtimeout => $fractional_seconds
		255
		256	=item wtimeout => $fractional_seconds
		257
154	If non-zero, then this enables an "inactivity" timeout: whenever this many	258	If non-zero, then these enables an "inactivity" timeout: whenever this
155	seconds pass without a successful read or write on the underlying file	259	many seconds pass without a successful read or write on the underlying
156	handle, the C<on_timeout> callback will be invoked (and if that one is	260	file handle (or a call to C<timeout_reset>), the C<on_timeout> callback
157	missing, a non-fatal C<ETIMEDOUT> error will be raised).	261	will be invoked (and if that one is missing, a non-fatal C<ETIMEDOUT>
		262	error will be raised).
158		263
		264	There are three variants of the timeouts that work independently of each
		265	other, for both read and write (triggered when nothing was read I<OR>
		266	written), just read (triggered when nothing was read), and just write:
		267	C<timeout>, C<rtimeout> and C<wtimeout>, with corresponding callbacks
		268	C<on_timeout>, C<on_rtimeout> and C<on_wtimeout>, and reset functions
		269	C<timeout_reset>, C<rtimeout_reset>, and C<wtimeout_reset>.
		270
159	Note that timeout processing is also active when you currently do not have	271	Note that timeout processing is active even when you do not have any
160	any outstanding read or write requests: If you plan to keep the connection	272	outstanding read or write requests: If you plan to keep the connection
161	idle then you should disable the timout temporarily or ignore the timeout	273	idle then you should disable the timeout temporarily or ignore the
162	in the C<on_timeout> callback, in which case AnyEvent::Handle will simply	274	timeout in the corresponding C<on_timeout> callback, in which case
163	restart the timeout.	275	AnyEvent::Handle will simply restart the timeout.
164		276
165	Zero (the default) disables this timeout.	277	Zero (the default) disables the corresponding timeout.
166		278
167	=item on_timeout => $cb->($handle)	279	=item on_timeout => $cb->($handle)
		280
		281	=item on_rtimeout => $cb->($handle)
		282
		283	=item on_wtimeout => $cb->($handle)
168		284
169	Called whenever the inactivity timeout passes. If you return from this	285	Called whenever the inactivity timeout passes. If you return from this
170	callback, then the timeout will be reset as if some activity had happened,	286	callback, then the timeout will be reset as if some activity had happened,
171	so this condition is not fatal in any way.	287	so this condition is not fatal in any way.
172		288
…		…
180	be configured to accept only so-and-so much data that it cannot act on	296	be configured to accept only so-and-so much data that it cannot act on
181	(for example, when expecting a line, an attacker could send an unlimited	297	(for example, when expecting a line, an attacker could send an unlimited
182	amount of data without a callback ever being called as long as the line	298	amount of data without a callback ever being called as long as the line
183	isn't finished).	299	isn't finished).
184		300
		301	=item wbuf_max => <bytes>
		302
		303	If defined, then a fatal error will be raised (with C<$!> set to C<ENOSPC>)
		304	when the write buffer ever (strictly) exceeds this size. This is useful to
		305	avoid some forms of denial-of-service attacks.
		306
		307	Although the units of this parameter is bytes, this is the I<raw> number
		308	of bytes not yet accepted by the kernel. This can make a difference when
		309	you e.g. use TLS, as TLS typically makes your write data larger (but it
		310	can also make it smaller due to compression).
		311
		312	As an example of when this limit is useful, take a chat server that sends
		313	chat messages to a client. If the client does not read those in a timely
		314	manner then the send buffer in the server would grow unbounded.
		315
185	=item autocork => <boolean>	316	=item autocork => <boolean>
186		317
187	When disabled (the default), then C<push_write> will try to immediately	318	When disabled (the default), C<push_write> will try to immediately
188	write the data to the handle, if possible. This avoids having to register	319	write the data to the handle if possible. This avoids having to register
189	a write watcher and wait for the next event loop iteration, but can	320	a write watcher and wait for the next event loop iteration, but can
190	be inefficient if you write multiple small chunks (on the wire, this	321	be inefficient if you write multiple small chunks (on the wire, this
191	disadvantage is usually avoided by your kernel's nagle algorithm, see	322	disadvantage is usually avoided by your kernel's nagle algorithm, see
192	C<no_delay>, but this option can save costly syscalls).	323	C<no_delay>, but this option can save costly syscalls).
193		324
194	When enabled, then writes will always be queued till the next event loop	325	When enabled, writes will always be queued till the next event loop
195	iteration. This is efficient when you do many small writes per iteration,	326	iteration. This is efficient when you do many small writes per iteration,
196	but less efficient when you do a single write only per iteration (or when	327	but less efficient when you do a single write only per iteration (or when
197	the write buffer often is full). It also increases write latency.	328	the write buffer often is full). It also increases write latency.
198		329
199	=item no_delay => <boolean>	330	=item no_delay => <boolean>
…		…
203	the Nagle algorithm, and usually it is beneficial.	334	the Nagle algorithm, and usually it is beneficial.
204		335
205	In some situations you want as low a delay as possible, which can be	336	In some situations you want as low a delay as possible, which can be
206	accomplishd by setting this option to a true value.	337	accomplishd by setting this option to a true value.
207		338
208	The default is your opertaing system's default behaviour (most likely	339	The default is your operating system's default behaviour (most likely
209	enabled), this option explicitly enables or disables it, if possible.	340	enabled). This option explicitly enables or disables it, if possible.
		341
		342	=item keepalive => <boolean>
		343
		344	Enables (default disable) the SO_KEEPALIVE option on the stream socket:
		345	normally, TCP connections have no time-out once established, so TCP
		346	connections, once established, can stay alive forever even when the other
		347	side has long gone. TCP keepalives are a cheap way to take down long-lived
		348	TCP connections when the other side becomes unreachable. While the default
		349	is OS-dependent, TCP keepalives usually kick in after around two hours,
		350	and, if the other side doesn't reply, take down the TCP connection some 10
		351	to 15 minutes later.
		352
		353	It is harmless to specify this option for file handles that do not support
		354	keepalives, and enabling it on connections that are potentially long-lived
		355	is usually a good idea.
		356
		357	=item oobinline => <boolean>
		358
		359	BSD majorly fucked up the implementation of TCP urgent data. The result
		360	is that almost no OS implements TCP according to the specs, and every OS
		361	implements it slightly differently.
		362
		363	If you want to handle TCP urgent data, then setting this flag (the default
		364	is enabled) gives you the most portable way of getting urgent data, by
		365	putting it into the stream.
		366
		367	Since BSD emulation of OOB data on top of TCP's urgent data can have
		368	security implications, AnyEvent::Handle sets this flag automatically
		369	unless explicitly specified. Note that setting this flag after
		370	establishing a connection I<may> be a bit too late (data loss could
		371	already have occured on BSD systems), but at least it will protect you
		372	from most attacks.
210		373
211	=item read_size => <bytes>	374	=item read_size => <bytes>
212		375
213	The default read block size (the amount of bytes this module will	376	The initial read block size, the number of bytes this module will try
214	try to read during each loop iteration, which affects memory	377	to read during each loop iteration. Each handle object will consume
215	requirements). Default: C<8192>.	378	at least this amount of memory for the read buffer as well, so when
		379	handling many connections watch out for memory requirements). See also
		380	C<max_read_size>. Default: C<2048>.
		381
		382	=item max_read_size => <bytes>
		383
		384	The maximum read buffer size used by the dynamic adjustment
		385	algorithm: Each time AnyEvent::Handle can read C<read_size> bytes in
		386	one go it will double C<read_size> up to the maximum given by this
		387	option. Default: C<131072> or C<read_size>, whichever is higher.
216		388
217	=item low_water_mark => <bytes>	389	=item low_water_mark => <bytes>
218		390
219	Sets the amount of bytes (default: C<0>) that make up an "empty" write	391	Sets the number of bytes (default: C<0>) that make up an "empty" write
220	buffer: If the write reaches this size or gets even samller it is	392	buffer: If the buffer reaches this size or gets even samller it is
221	considered empty.	393	considered empty.
222		394
223	Sometimes it can be beneficial (for performance reasons) to add data to	395	Sometimes it can be beneficial (for performance reasons) to add data to
224	the write buffer before it is fully drained, but this is a rare case, as	396	the write buffer before it is fully drained, but this is a rare case, as
225	the operating system kernel usually buffers data as well, so the default	397	the operating system kernel usually buffers data as well, so the default
226	is good in almost all cases.	398	is good in almost all cases.
227		399
228	=item linger => <seconds>	400	=item linger => <seconds>
229		401
230	If non-zero (default: C<3600>), then the destructor of the	402	If this is non-zero (default: C<3600>), the destructor of the
231	AnyEvent::Handle object will check whether there is still outstanding	403	AnyEvent::Handle object will check whether there is still outstanding
232	write data and will install a watcher that will write this data to the	404	write data and will install a watcher that will write this data to the
233	socket. No errors will be reported (this mostly matches how the operating	405	socket. No errors will be reported (this mostly matches how the operating
234	system treats outstanding data at socket close time).	406	system treats outstanding data at socket close time).
235		407
236	This will not work for partial TLS data that could not be encoded	408	This will not work for partial TLS data that could not be encoded
237	yet. This data will be lost.	409	yet. This data will be lost. Calling the C<stoptls> method in time might
		410	help.
		411
		412	=item peername => $string
		413
		414	A string used to identify the remote site - usually the DNS hostname
		415	(I<not> IDN!) used to create the connection, rarely the IP address.
		416
		417	Apart from being useful in error messages, this string is also used in TLS
		418	peername verification (see C<verify_peername> in L<AnyEvent::TLS>). This
		419	verification will be skipped when C<peername> is not specified or is
		420	C<undef>.
238		421
239	=item tls => "accept" | "connect" | Net::SSLeay::SSL object	422	=item tls => "accept" | "connect" | Net::SSLeay::SSL object
240		423
241	When this parameter is given, it enables TLS (SSL) mode, that means	424	When this parameter is given, it enables TLS (SSL) mode, that means
242	AnyEvent will start a TLS handshake as soon as the conenction has been	425	AnyEvent will start a TLS handshake as soon as the connection has been
243	established and will transparently encrypt/decrypt data afterwards.	426	established and will transparently encrypt/decrypt data afterwards.
		427
		428	All TLS protocol errors will be signalled as C<EPROTO>, with an
		429	appropriate error message.
244		430
245	TLS mode requires Net::SSLeay to be installed (it will be loaded	431	TLS mode requires Net::SSLeay to be installed (it will be loaded
246	automatically when you try to create a TLS handle): this module doesn't	432	automatically when you try to create a TLS handle): this module doesn't
247	have a dependency on that module, so if your module requires it, you have	433	have a dependency on that module, so if your module requires it, you have
248	to add the dependency yourself.	434	to add the dependency yourself. If Net::SSLeay cannot be loaded or is too
		435	old, you get an C<EPROTO> error.
249		436
250	Unlike TCP, TLS has a server and client side: for the TLS server side, use	437	Unlike TCP, TLS has a server and client side: for the TLS server side, use
251	C<accept>, and for the TLS client side of a connection, use C<connect>	438	C<accept>, and for the TLS client side of a connection, use C<connect>
252	mode.	439	mode.
253		440
254	You can also provide your own TLS connection object, but you have	441	You can also provide your own TLS connection object, but you have
255	to make sure that you call either C<Net::SSLeay::set_connect_state>	442	to make sure that you call either C<Net::SSLeay::set_connect_state>
256	or C<Net::SSLeay::set_accept_state> on it before you pass it to	443	or C<Net::SSLeay::set_accept_state> on it before you pass it to
257	AnyEvent::Handle.	444	AnyEvent::Handle. Also, this module will take ownership of this connection
		445	object.
258		446
		447	At some future point, AnyEvent::Handle might switch to another TLS
		448	implementation, then the option to use your own session object will go
		449	away.
		450
		451	B<IMPORTANT:> since Net::SSLeay "objects" are really only integers,
		452	passing in the wrong integer will lead to certain crash. This most often
		453	happens when one uses a stylish C<< tls => 1 >> and is surprised about the
		454	segmentation fault.
		455
259	See the C<< ->starttls >> method for when need to start TLS negotiation later.	456	Use the C<< ->starttls >> method if you need to start TLS negotiation later.
260		457
261	=item tls_ctx => $ssl_ctx	458	=item tls_ctx => $anyevent_tls
262		459
263	Use the given C<Net::SSLeay::CTX> object to create the new TLS connection	460	Use the given C<AnyEvent::TLS> object to create the new TLS connection
264	(unless a connection object was specified directly). If this parameter is	461	(unless a connection object was specified directly). If this
265	missing, then AnyEvent::Handle will use C<AnyEvent::Handle::TLS_CTX>.	462	parameter is missing (or C<undef>), then AnyEvent::Handle will use
		463	C<AnyEvent::Handle::TLS_CTX>.
		464
		465	Instead of an object, you can also specify a hash reference with C<< key
		466	=> value >> pairs. Those will be passed to L<AnyEvent::TLS> to create a
		467	new TLS context object.
		468
		469	=item on_starttls => $cb->($handle, $success[, $error_message])
		470
		471	This callback will be invoked when the TLS/SSL handshake has finished. If
		472	C<$success> is true, then the TLS handshake succeeded, otherwise it failed
		473	(C<on_stoptls> will not be called in this case).
		474
		475	The session in C<< $handle->{tls} >> can still be examined in this
		476	callback, even when the handshake was not successful.
		477
		478	TLS handshake failures will not cause C<on_error> to be invoked when this
		479	callback is in effect, instead, the error message will be passed to C<on_starttls>.
		480
		481	Without this callback, handshake failures lead to C<on_error> being
		482	called as usual.
		483
		484	Note that you cannot just call C<starttls> again in this callback. If you
		485	need to do that, start an zero-second timer instead whose callback can
		486	then call C<< ->starttls >> again.
		487
		488	=item on_stoptls => $cb->($handle)
		489
		490	When a SSLv3/TLS shutdown/close notify/EOF is detected and this callback is
		491	set, then it will be invoked after freeing the TLS session. If it is not,
		492	then a TLS shutdown condition will be treated like a normal EOF condition
		493	on the handle.
		494
		495	The session in C<< $handle->{tls} >> can still be examined in this
		496	callback.
		497
		498	This callback will only be called on TLS shutdowns, not when the
		499	underlying handle signals EOF.
266		500
267	=item json => JSON or JSON::XS object	501	=item json => JSON or JSON::XS object
268		502
269	This is the json coder object used by the C<json> read and write types.	503	This is the json coder object used by the C<json> read and write types.
270		504
…		…
273	texts.	507	texts.
274		508
275	Note that you are responsible to depend on the JSON module if you want to	509	Note that you are responsible to depend on the JSON module if you want to
276	use this functionality, as AnyEvent does not have a dependency itself.	510	use this functionality, as AnyEvent does not have a dependency itself.
277		511
278	=item filter_r => $cb
279
280	=item filter_w => $cb
281
282	These exist, but are undocumented at this time. (They are used internally
283	by the TLS code).
284
285	=back	512	=back
286		513
287	=cut	514	=cut
288		515
289	sub new {	516	sub new {
290	my $class = shift;	517	my $class = shift;
291
292	my $self = bless { @_ }, $class;	518	my $self = bless { @_ }, $class;
293		519
294	$self->{fh} or Carp::croak "mandatory argument fh is missing";	520	if ($self->{fh}) {
		521	$self->_start;
		522	return unless $self->{fh}; # could be gone by now
		523
		524	} elsif ($self->{connect}) {
		525	require AnyEvent::Socket;
		526
		527	$self->{peername} = $self->{connect}[0]
		528	unless exists $self->{peername};
		529
		530	$self->{_skip_drain_rbuf} = 1;
		531
		532	{
		533	Scalar::Util::weaken (my $self = $self);
		534
		535	$self->{_connect} =
		536	AnyEvent::Socket::tcp_connect (
		537	$self->{connect}[0],
		538	$self->{connect}[1],
		539	sub {
		540	my ($fh, $host, $port, $retry) = @_;
		541
		542	delete $self->{_connect}; # no longer needed
		543
		544	if ($fh) {
		545	$self->{fh} = $fh;
		546
		547	delete $self->{_skip_drain_rbuf};
		548	$self->_start;
		549
		550	$self->{on_connect}
		551	and $self->{on_connect}($self, $host, $port, sub {
		552	delete @$self{qw(fh _tw _rtw _wtw _ww _rw _eof _queue rbuf _wbuf tls _tls_rbuf _tls_wbuf)};
		553	$self->{_skip_drain_rbuf} = 1;
		554	&$retry;
		555	});
		556
		557	} else {
		558	if ($self->{on_connect_error}) {
		559	$self->{on_connect_error}($self, "$!");
		560	$self->destroy if $self;
		561	} else {
		562	$self->_error ($!, 1);
		563	}
		564	}
		565	},
		566	sub {
		567	local $self->{fh} = $_[0];
		568
		569	$self->{on_prepare}
		570	? $self->{on_prepare}->($self)
		571	: ()
		572	}
		573	);
		574	}
		575
		576	} else {
		577	Carp::croak "AnyEvent::Handle: either an existing fh or the connect parameter must be specified";
		578	}
		579
		580	$self
		581	}
		582
		583	sub _start {
		584	my ($self) = @_;
		585
		586	# too many clueless people try to use udp and similar sockets
		587	# with AnyEvent::Handle, do them a favour.
		588	my $type = getsockopt $self->{fh}, Socket::SOL_SOCKET (), Socket::SO_TYPE ();
		589	Carp::croak "AnyEvent::Handle: only stream sockets supported, anything else will NOT work!"
		590	if Socket::SOCK_STREAM () != (unpack "I", $type) && defined $type;
295		591
296	AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking $self->{fh}, 1;	592	AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking $self->{fh}, 1;
297		593
298	if ($self->{tls}) {	594	$self->{_activity} =
299	require Net::SSLeay;	595	$self->{_ractivity} =
		596	$self->{_wactivity} = AE::now;
		597
		598	$self->{read_size} ||= 2048;
		599	$self->{max_read_size} = $self->{read_size}
		600	if $self->{read_size} > ($self->{max_read_size} || MAX_READ_SIZE);
		601
		602	$self->timeout (delete $self->{timeout} ) if $self->{timeout};
		603	$self->rtimeout (delete $self->{rtimeout} ) if $self->{rtimeout};
		604	$self->wtimeout (delete $self->{wtimeout} ) if $self->{wtimeout};
		605
		606	$self->no_delay (delete $self->{no_delay} ) if exists $self->{no_delay} && $self->{no_delay};
		607	$self->keepalive (delete $self->{keepalive}) if exists $self->{keepalive} && $self->{keepalive};
		608
		609	$self->oobinline (exists $self->{oobinline} ? delete $self->{oobinline} : 1);
		610
300	$self->starttls (delete $self->{tls}, delete $self->{tls_ctx});	611	$self->starttls (delete $self->{tls}, delete $self->{tls_ctx})
301	}	612	if $self->{tls};
302		613
303	$self->{_activity} = AnyEvent->now;
304	$self->_timeout;
305
306	$self->on_drain (delete $self->{on_drain}) if exists $self->{on_drain};	614	$self->on_drain (delete $self->{on_drain} ) if $self->{on_drain};
307	$self->no_delay (delete $self->{no_delay}) if exists $self->{no_delay};
308		615
309	$self->start_read	616	$self->start_read
310	if $self->{on_read};	617	if $self->{on_read} || @{ $self->{_queue} };
311		618
312	$self	619	$self->_drain_wbuf;
313	}
314
315	sub _shutdown {
316	my ($self) = @_;
317
318	delete $self->{_tw};
319	delete $self->{_rw};
320	delete $self->{_ww};
321	delete $self->{fh};
322
323	$self->stoptls;
324
325	delete $self->{on_read};
326	delete $self->{_queue};
327	}	620	}
328		621
329	sub _error {	622	sub _error {
330	my ($self, $errno, $fatal) = @_;	623	my ($self, $errno, $fatal, $message) = @_;
331
332	$self->_shutdown
333	if $fatal;
334		624
335	$! = $errno;	625	$! = $errno;
		626	$message ||= "$!";
336		627
337	if ($self->{on_error}) {	628	if ($self->{on_error}) {
338	$self->{on_error}($self, $fatal);	629	$self->{on_error}($self, $fatal, $message);
339	} else {	630	$self->destroy if $fatal;
		631	} elsif ($self->{fh} || $self->{connect}) {
		632	$self->destroy;
340	Carp::croak "AnyEvent::Handle uncaught error: $!";	633	Carp::croak "AnyEvent::Handle uncaught error: $message";
341	}	634	}
342	}	635	}
343		636
344	=item $fh = $handle->fh	637	=item $fh = $handle->fh
345		638
…		…
369	$_[0]{on_eof} = $_[1];	662	$_[0]{on_eof} = $_[1];
370	}	663	}
371		664
372	=item $handle->on_timeout ($cb)	665	=item $handle->on_timeout ($cb)
373		666
374	Replace the current C<on_timeout> callback, or disables the callback (but	667	=item $handle->on_rtimeout ($cb)
375	not the timeout) if C<$cb> = C<undef>. See the C<timeout> constructor
376	argument and method.
377		668
378	=cut	669	=item $handle->on_wtimeout ($cb)
379		670
380	sub on_timeout {	671	Replace the current C<on_timeout>, C<on_rtimeout> or C<on_wtimeout>
381	$_[0]{on_timeout} = $_[1];	672	callback, or disables the callback (but not the timeout) if C<$cb> =
382	}	673	C<undef>. See the C<timeout> constructor argument and method.
		674
		675	=cut
		676
		677	# see below
383		678
384	=item $handle->autocork ($boolean)	679	=item $handle->autocork ($boolean)
385		680
386	Enables or disables the current autocork behaviour (see C<autocork>	681	Enables or disables the current autocork behaviour (see C<autocork>
387	constructor argument).	682	constructor argument). Changes will only take effect on the next write.
388		683
389	=cut	684	=cut
		685
		686	sub autocork {
		687	$_[0]{autocork} = $_[1];
		688	}
390		689
391	=item $handle->no_delay ($boolean)	690	=item $handle->no_delay ($boolean)
392		691
393	Enables or disables the C<no_delay> setting (see constructor argument of	692	Enables or disables the C<no_delay> setting (see constructor argument of
394	the same name for details).	693	the same name for details).
…		…
396	=cut	695	=cut
397		696
398	sub no_delay {	697	sub no_delay {
399	$_[0]{no_delay} = $_[1];	698	$_[0]{no_delay} = $_[1];
400		699
		700	setsockopt $_[0]{fh}, Socket::IPPROTO_TCP (), Socket::TCP_NODELAY (), int $_[1]
		701	if $_[0]{fh};
		702	}
		703
		704	=item $handle->keepalive ($boolean)
		705
		706	Enables or disables the C<keepalive> setting (see constructor argument of
		707	the same name for details).
		708
		709	=cut
		710
		711	sub keepalive {
		712	$_[0]{keepalive} = $_[1];
		713
401	eval {	714	eval {
402	local $SIG{__DIE__};	715	local $SIG{__DIE__};
403	setsockopt $_[0]{fh}, &Socket::IPPROTO_TCP, &Socket::TCP_NODELAY, int $_[1];	716	setsockopt $_[0]{fh}, Socket::SOL_SOCKET (), Socket::SO_KEEPALIVE (), int $_[1]
		717	if $_[0]{fh};
404	};	718	};
405	}	719	}
406		720
		721	=item $handle->oobinline ($boolean)
		722
		723	Enables or disables the C<oobinline> setting (see constructor argument of
		724	the same name for details).
		725
		726	=cut
		727
		728	sub oobinline {
		729	$_[0]{oobinline} = $_[1];
		730
		731	eval {
		732	local $SIG{__DIE__};
		733	setsockopt $_[0]{fh}, Socket::SOL_SOCKET (), Socket::SO_OOBINLINE (), int $_[1]
		734	if $_[0]{fh};
		735	};
		736	}
		737
		738	=item $handle->keepalive ($boolean)
		739
		740	Enables or disables the C<keepalive> setting (see constructor argument of
		741	the same name for details).
		742
		743	=cut
		744
		745	sub keepalive {
		746	$_[0]{keepalive} = $_[1];
		747
		748	eval {
		749	local $SIG{__DIE__};
		750	setsockopt $_[0]{fh}, Socket::SOL_SOCKET (), Socket::SO_KEEPALIVE (), int $_[1]
		751	if $_[0]{fh};
		752	};
		753	}
		754
		755	=item $handle->on_starttls ($cb)
		756
		757	Replace the current C<on_starttls> callback (see the C<on_starttls> constructor argument).
		758
		759	=cut
		760
		761	sub on_starttls {
		762	$_[0]{on_starttls} = $_[1];
		763	}
		764
		765	=item $handle->on_stoptls ($cb)
		766
		767	Replace the current C<on_stoptls> callback (see the C<on_stoptls> constructor argument).
		768
		769	=cut
		770
		771	sub on_stoptls {
		772	$_[0]{on_stoptls} = $_[1];
		773	}
		774
		775	=item $handle->rbuf_max ($max_octets)
		776
		777	Configures the C<rbuf_max> setting (C<undef> disables it).
		778
		779	=item $handle->wbuf_max ($max_octets)
		780
		781	Configures the C<wbuf_max> setting (C<undef> disables it).
		782
		783	=cut
		784
		785	sub rbuf_max {
		786	$_[0]{rbuf_max} = $_[1];
		787	}
		788
		789	sub wbuf_max {
		790	$_[0]{wbuf_max} = $_[1];
		791	}
		792
407	#############################################################################	793	#############################################################################
408		794
409	=item $handle->timeout ($seconds)	795	=item $handle->timeout ($seconds)
410		796
		797	=item $handle->rtimeout ($seconds)
		798
		799	=item $handle->wtimeout ($seconds)
		800
411	Configures (or disables) the inactivity timeout.	801	Configures (or disables) the inactivity timeout.
412		802
413	=cut	803	The timeout will be checked instantly, so this method might destroy the
		804	handle before it returns.
414		805
415	sub timeout {	806	=item $handle->timeout_reset
		807
		808	=item $handle->rtimeout_reset
		809
		810	=item $handle->wtimeout_reset
		811
		812	Reset the activity timeout, as if data was received or sent.
		813
		814	These methods are cheap to call.
		815
		816	=cut
		817
		818	for my $dir ("", "r", "w") {
		819	my $timeout = "${dir}timeout";
		820	my $tw = "_${dir}tw";
		821	my $on_timeout = "on_${dir}timeout";
		822	my $activity = "_${dir}activity";
		823	my $cb;
		824
		825	*$on_timeout = sub {
		826	$_[0]{$on_timeout} = $_[1];
		827	};
		828
		829	*$timeout = sub {
416	my ($self, $timeout) = @_;	830	my ($self, $new_value) = @_;
417		831
		832	$new_value >= 0
		833	or Carp::croak "AnyEvent::Handle->$timeout called with negative timeout ($new_value), caught";
		834
418	$self->{timeout} = $timeout;	835	$self->{$timeout} = $new_value;
419	$self->_timeout;	836	delete $self->{$tw}; &$cb;
420	}	837	};
421		838
		839	*{"${dir}timeout_reset"} = sub {
		840	$_[0]{$activity} = AE::now;
		841	};
		842
		843	# main workhorse:
422	# reset the timeout watcher, as neccessary	844	# reset the timeout watcher, as neccessary
423	# also check for time-outs	845	# also check for time-outs
424	sub _timeout {	846	$cb = sub {
425	my ($self) = @_;	847	my ($self) = @_;
426		848
427	if ($self->{timeout}) {	849	if ($self->{$timeout} && $self->{fh}) {
428	my $NOW = AnyEvent->now;	850	my $NOW = AE::now;
429		851
430	# when would the timeout trigger?	852	# when would the timeout trigger?
431	my $after = $self->{_activity} + $self->{timeout} - $NOW;	853	my $after = $self->{$activity} + $self->{$timeout} - $NOW;
432		854
433	# now or in the past already?	855	# now or in the past already?
434	if ($after <= 0) {	856	if ($after <= 0) {
435	$self->{_activity} = $NOW;	857	$self->{$activity} = $NOW;
436		858
437	if ($self->{on_timeout}) {	859	if ($self->{$on_timeout}) {
438	$self->{on_timeout}($self);	860	$self->{$on_timeout}($self);
439	} else {	861	} else {
440	$self->_error (&Errno::ETIMEDOUT);	862	$self->_error (Errno::ETIMEDOUT);
		863	}
		864
		865	# callback could have changed timeout value, optimise
		866	return unless $self->{$timeout};
		867
		868	# calculate new after
		869	$after = $self->{$timeout};
441	}	870	}
442		871
443	# callback could have changed timeout value, optimise	872	Scalar::Util::weaken $self;
444	return unless $self->{timeout};	873	return unless $self; # ->error could have destroyed $self
445		874
446	# calculate new after	875	$self->{$tw} ||= AE::timer $after, 0, sub {
447	$after = $self->{timeout};	876	delete $self->{$tw};
		877	$cb->($self);
		878	};
		879	} else {
		880	delete $self->{$tw};
448	}	881	}
449
450	Scalar::Util::weaken $self;
451	return unless $self; # ->error could have destroyed $self
452
453	$self->{_tw} ||= AnyEvent->timer (after => $after, cb => sub {
454	delete $self->{_tw};
455	$self->_timeout;
456	});
457	} else {
458	delete $self->{_tw};
459	}	882	}
460	}	883	}
461		884
462	#############################################################################	885	#############################################################################
463		886
…		…
470		893
471	The write queue is very simple: you can add data to its end, and	894	The write queue is very simple: you can add data to its end, and
472	AnyEvent::Handle will automatically try to get rid of it for you.	895	AnyEvent::Handle will automatically try to get rid of it for you.
473		896
474	When data could be written and the write buffer is shorter then the low	897	When data could be written and the write buffer is shorter then the low
475	water mark, the C<on_drain> callback will be invoked.	898	water mark, the C<on_drain> callback will be invoked once.
476		899
477	=over 4	900	=over 4
478		901
479	=item $handle->on_drain ($cb)	902	=item $handle->on_drain ($cb)
480		903
481	Sets the C<on_drain> callback or clears it (see the description of	904	Sets the C<on_drain> callback or clears it (see the description of
482	C<on_drain> in the constructor).	905	C<on_drain> in the constructor).
483		906
		907	This method may invoke callbacks (and therefore the handle might be
		908	destroyed after it returns).
		909
484	=cut	910	=cut
485		911
486	sub on_drain {	912	sub on_drain {
487	my ($self, $cb) = @_;	913	my ($self, $cb) = @_;
488		914
489	$self->{on_drain} = $cb;	915	$self->{on_drain} = $cb;
490		916
491	$cb->($self)	917	$cb->($self)
492	if $cb && $self->{low_water_mark} >= length $self->{wbuf};	918	if $cb && $self->{low_water_mark} >= (length $self->{wbuf}) + (length $self->{_tls_wbuf});
493	}	919	}
494		920
495	=item $handle->push_write ($data)	921	=item $handle->push_write ($data)
496		922
497	Queues the given scalar to be written. You can push as much data as you	923	Queues the given scalar to be written. You can push as much data as
498	want (only limited by the available memory), as C<AnyEvent::Handle>	924	you want (only limited by the available memory and C<wbuf_max>), as
499	buffers it independently of the kernel.	925	C<AnyEvent::Handle> buffers it independently of the kernel.
		926
		927	This method may invoke callbacks (and therefore the handle might be
		928	destroyed after it returns).
500		929
501	=cut	930	=cut
502		931
503	sub _drain_wbuf {	932	sub _drain_wbuf {
504	my ($self) = @_;	933	my ($self) = @_;
…		…
508	Scalar::Util::weaken $self;	937	Scalar::Util::weaken $self;
509		938
510	my $cb = sub {	939	my $cb = sub {
511	my $len = syswrite $self->{fh}, $self->{wbuf};	940	my $len = syswrite $self->{fh}, $self->{wbuf};
512		941
513	if ($len >= 0) {	942	if (defined $len) {
514	substr $self->{wbuf}, 0, $len, "";	943	substr $self->{wbuf}, 0, $len, "";
515		944
516	$self->{_activity} = AnyEvent->now;	945	$self->{_activity} = $self->{_wactivity} = AE::now;
517		946
518	$self->{on_drain}($self)	947	$self->{on_drain}($self)
519	if $self->{low_water_mark} >= length $self->{wbuf}	948	if $self->{low_water_mark} >= (length $self->{wbuf}) + (length $self->{_tls_wbuf})
520	&& $self->{on_drain};	949	&& $self->{on_drain};
521		950
522	delete $self->{_ww} unless length $self->{wbuf};	951	delete $self->{_ww} unless length $self->{wbuf};
523	} elsif ($! != EAGAIN && $! != EINTR && $! != WSAEWOULDBLOCK) {	952	} elsif ($! != EAGAIN && $! != EINTR && $! != WSAEWOULDBLOCK) {
524	$self->_error ($!, 1);	953	$self->_error ($!, 1);
…		…
527		956
528	# try to write data immediately	957	# try to write data immediately
529	$cb->() unless $self->{autocork};	958	$cb->() unless $self->{autocork};
530		959
531	# if still data left in wbuf, we need to poll	960	# if still data left in wbuf, we need to poll
532	$self->{_ww} = AnyEvent->io (fh => $self->{fh}, poll => "w", cb => $cb)	961	$self->{_ww} = AE::io $self->{fh}, 1, $cb
533	if length $self->{wbuf};	962	if length $self->{wbuf};
		963
		964	if (
		965	defined $self->{wbuf_max}
		966	&& $self->{wbuf_max} < length $self->{wbuf}
		967	) {
		968	$self->_error (Errno::ENOSPC, 1), return;
		969	}
534	};	970	};
535	}	971	}
536		972
537	our %WH;	973	our %WH;
538		974
		975	# deprecated
539	sub register_write_type($$) {	976	sub register_write_type($$) {
540	$WH{$_[0]} = $_[1];	977	$WH{$_[0]} = $_[1];
541	}	978	}
542		979
543	sub push_write {	980	sub push_write {
544	my $self = shift;	981	my $self = shift;
545		982
546	if (@_ > 1) {	983	if (@_ > 1) {
547	my $type = shift;	984	my $type = shift;
548		985
		986	@_ = ($WH{$type} ||= _load_func "$type\::anyevent_write_type"
549	@_ = ($WH{$type} or Carp::croak "unsupported type passed to AnyEvent::Handle::push_write")	987	or Carp::croak "unsupported/unloadable type '$type' passed to AnyEvent::Handle::push_write")
550	->($self, @_);	988	->($self, @_);
551	}	989	}
552		990
		991	# we downgrade here to avoid hard-to-track-down bugs,
		992	# and diagnose the problem earlier and better.
		993
553	if ($self->{filter_w}) {	994	if ($self->{tls}) {
554	$self->{filter_w}($self, \$_[0]);	995	utf8::downgrade $self->{_tls_wbuf} .= $_[0];
		996	&_dotls ($self) if $self->{fh};
555	} else {	997	} else {
556	$self->{wbuf} .= $_[0];	998	utf8::downgrade $self->{wbuf} .= $_[0];
557	$self->_drain_wbuf;	999	$self->_drain_wbuf if $self->{fh};
558	}	1000	}
559	}	1001	}
560		1002
561	=item $handle->push_write (type => @args)	1003	=item $handle->push_write (type => @args)
562		1004
563	Instead of formatting your data yourself, you can also let this module do	1005	Instead of formatting your data yourself, you can also let this module
564	the job by specifying a type and type-specific arguments.	1006	do the job by specifying a type and type-specific arguments. You
		1007	can also specify the (fully qualified) name of a package, in which
		1008	case AnyEvent tries to load the package and then expects to find the
		1009	C<anyevent_write_type> function inside (see "custom write types", below).
565		1010
566	Predefined types are (if you have ideas for additional types, feel free to	1011	Predefined types are (if you have ideas for additional types, feel free to
567	drop by and tell us):	1012	drop by and tell us):
568		1013
569	=over 4	1014	=over 4
…		…
576	=cut	1021	=cut
577		1022
578	register_write_type netstring => sub {	1023	register_write_type netstring => sub {
579	my ($self, $string) = @_;	1024	my ($self, $string) = @_;
580		1025
581	sprintf "%d:%s,", (length $string), $string	1026	(length $string) . ":$string,"
582	};	1027	};
583		1028
584	=item packstring => $format, $data	1029	=item packstring => $format, $data
585		1030
586	An octet string prefixed with an encoded length. The encoding C<$format>	1031	An octet string prefixed with an encoded length. The encoding C<$format>
…		…
626	Other languages could read single lines terminated by a newline and pass	1071	Other languages could read single lines terminated by a newline and pass
627	this line into their JSON decoder of choice.	1072	this line into their JSON decoder of choice.
628		1073
629	=cut	1074	=cut
630		1075
		1076	sub json_coder() {
		1077	eval { require JSON::XS; JSON::XS->new->utf8 }
		1078	|| do { require JSON; JSON->new->utf8 }
		1079	}
		1080
631	register_write_type json => sub {	1081	register_write_type json => sub {
632	my ($self, $ref) = @_;	1082	my ($self, $ref) = @_;
633		1083
634	require JSON;	1084	my $json = $self->{json} ||= json_coder;
635		1085
636	$self->{json} ? $self->{json}->encode ($ref)	1086	$json->encode ($ref)
637	: JSON::encode_json ($ref)
638	};	1087	};
639		1088
640	=item storable => $reference	1089	=item storable => $reference
641		1090
642	Freezes the given reference using L<Storable> and writes it to the	1091	Freezes the given reference using L<Storable> and writes it to the
…		…
645	=cut	1094	=cut
646		1095
647	register_write_type storable => sub {	1096	register_write_type storable => sub {
648	my ($self, $ref) = @_;	1097	my ($self, $ref) = @_;
649		1098
650	require Storable;	1099	require Storable unless $Storable::VERSION;
651		1100
652	pack "w/a*", Storable::nfreeze ($ref)	1101	pack "w/a*", Storable::nfreeze ($ref)
653	};	1102	};
654		1103
655	=back	1104	=back
656		1105
657	=item AnyEvent::Handle::register_write_type type => $coderef->($handle, @args)	1106	=item $handle->push_shutdown
658		1107
659	This function (not method) lets you add your own types to C<push_write>.	1108	Sometimes you know you want to close the socket after writing your data
		1109	before it was actually written. One way to do that is to replace your
		1110	C<on_drain> handler by a callback that shuts down the socket (and set
		1111	C<low_water_mark> to C<0>). This method is a shorthand for just that, and
		1112	replaces the C<on_drain> callback with:
		1113
		1114	sub { shutdown $_[0]{fh}, 1 }
		1115
		1116	This simply shuts down the write side and signals an EOF condition to the
		1117	the peer.
		1118
		1119	You can rely on the normal read queue and C<on_eof> handling
		1120	afterwards. This is the cleanest way to close a connection.
		1121
		1122	This method may invoke callbacks (and therefore the handle might be
		1123	destroyed after it returns).
		1124
		1125	=cut
		1126
		1127	sub push_shutdown {
		1128	my ($self) = @_;
		1129
		1130	delete $self->{low_water_mark};
		1131	$self->on_drain (sub { shutdown $_[0]{fh}, 1 });
		1132	}
		1133
		1134	=item custom write types - Package::anyevent_write_type $handle, @args
		1135
		1136	Instead of one of the predefined types, you can also specify the name of
		1137	a package. AnyEvent will try to load the package and then expects to find
		1138	a function named C<anyevent_write_type> inside. If it isn't found, it
		1139	progressively tries to load the parent package until it either finds the
		1140	function (good) or runs out of packages (bad).
		1141
660	Whenever the given C<type> is used, C<push_write> will invoke the code	1142	Whenever the given C<type> is used, C<push_write> will the function with
661	reference with the handle object and the remaining arguments.	1143	the handle object and the remaining arguments.
662		1144
663	The code reference is supposed to return a single octet string that will	1145	The function is supposed to return a single octet string that will be
664	be appended to the write buffer.	1146	appended to the write buffer, so you can mentally treat this function as a
		1147	"arguments to on-the-wire-format" converter.
665		1148
666	Note that this is a function, and all types registered this way will be	1149	Example: implement a custom write type C<join> that joins the remaining
667	global, so try to use unique names.	1150	arguments using the first one.
		1151
		1152	$handle->push_write (My::Type => " ", 1,2,3);
		1153
		1154	# uses the following package, which can be defined in the "My::Type" or in
		1155	# the "My" modules to be auto-loaded, or just about anywhere when the
		1156	# My::Type::anyevent_write_type is defined before invoking it.
		1157
		1158	package My::Type;
		1159
		1160	sub anyevent_write_type {
		1161	my ($handle, $delim, @args) = @_;
		1162
		1163	join $delim, @args
		1164	}
668		1165
669	=cut	1166	=cut
670		1167
671	#############################################################################	1168	#############################################################################
672		1169
…		…
681	ways, the "simple" way, using only C<on_read> and the "complex" way, using	1178	ways, the "simple" way, using only C<on_read> and the "complex" way, using
682	a queue.	1179	a queue.
683		1180
684	In the simple case, you just install an C<on_read> callback and whenever	1181	In the simple case, you just install an C<on_read> callback and whenever
685	new data arrives, it will be called. You can then remove some data (if	1182	new data arrives, it will be called. You can then remove some data (if
686	enough is there) from the read buffer (C<< $handle->rbuf >>). Or you cna	1183	enough is there) from the read buffer (C<< $handle->rbuf >>). Or you can
687	leave the data there if you want to accumulate more (e.g. when only a	1184	leave the data there if you want to accumulate more (e.g. when only a
688	partial message has been received so far).	1185	partial message has been received so far), or change the read queue with
		1186	e.g. C<push_read>.
689		1187
690	In the more complex case, you want to queue multiple callbacks. In this	1188	In the more complex case, you want to queue multiple callbacks. In this
691	case, AnyEvent::Handle will call the first queued callback each time new	1189	case, AnyEvent::Handle will call the first queued callback each time new
692	data arrives (also the first time it is queued) and removes it when it has	1190	data arrives (also the first time it is queued) and remove it when it has
693	done its job (see C<push_read>, below).	1191	done its job (see C<push_read>, below).
694		1192
695	This way you can, for example, push three line-reads, followed by reading	1193	This way you can, for example, push three line-reads, followed by reading
696	a chunk of data, and AnyEvent::Handle will execute them in order.	1194	a chunk of data, and AnyEvent::Handle will execute them in order.
697		1195
…		…
754	=cut	1252	=cut
755		1253
756	sub _drain_rbuf {	1254	sub _drain_rbuf {
757	my ($self) = @_;	1255	my ($self) = @_;
758		1256
		1257	# avoid recursion
		1258	return if $self->{_skip_drain_rbuf};
759	local $self->{_in_drain} = 1;	1259	local $self->{_skip_drain_rbuf} = 1;
760
761	if (
762	defined $self->{rbuf_max}
763	&& $self->{rbuf_max} < length $self->{rbuf}
764	) {
765	$self->_error (&Errno::ENOSPC, 1), return;
766	}
767		1260
768	while () {	1261	while () {
		1262	# we need to use a separate tls read buffer, as we must not receive data while
		1263	# we are draining the buffer, and this can only happen with TLS.
		1264	$self->{rbuf} .= delete $self->{_tls_rbuf}
		1265	if exists $self->{_tls_rbuf};
		1266
769	my $len = length $self->{rbuf};	1267	my $len = length $self->{rbuf};
770		1268
771	if (my $cb = shift @{ $self->{_queue} }) {	1269	if (my $cb = shift @{ $self->{_queue} }) {
772	unless ($cb->($self)) {	1270	unless ($cb->($self)) {
773	if ($self->{_eof}) {	1271	# no progress can be made
774	# no progress can be made (not enough data and no data forthcoming)	1272	# (not enough data and no data forthcoming)
775	$self->_error (&Errno::EPIPE, 1), return;	1273	$self->_error (Errno::EPIPE, 1), return
776	}	1274	if $self->{_eof};
777		1275
778	unshift @{ $self->{_queue} }, $cb;	1276	unshift @{ $self->{_queue} }, $cb;
779	last;	1277	last;
780	}	1278	}
781	} elsif ($self->{on_read}) {	1279	} elsif ($self->{on_read}) {
…		…
788	&& !@{ $self->{_queue} } # and the queue is still empty	1286	&& !@{ $self->{_queue} } # and the queue is still empty
789	&& $self->{on_read} # but we still have on_read	1287	&& $self->{on_read} # but we still have on_read
790	) {	1288	) {
791	# no further data will arrive	1289	# no further data will arrive
792	# so no progress can be made	1290	# so no progress can be made
793	$self->_error (&Errno::EPIPE, 1), return	1291	$self->_error (Errno::EPIPE, 1), return
794	if $self->{_eof};	1292	if $self->{_eof};
795		1293
796	last; # more data might arrive	1294	last; # more data might arrive
797	}	1295	}
798	} else {	1296	} else {
799	# read side becomes idle	1297	# read side becomes idle
800	delete $self->{_rw};	1298	delete $self->{_rw} unless $self->{tls};
801	last;	1299	last;
802	}	1300	}
803	}	1301	}
804		1302
805	if ($self->{_eof}) {	1303	if ($self->{_eof}) {
806	if ($self->{on_eof}) {	1304	$self->{on_eof}
807	$self->{on_eof}($self)	1305	? $self->{on_eof}($self)
808	} else {	1306	: $self->_error (0, 1, "Unexpected end-of-file");
809	$self->_error (0, 1);	1307
810	}	1308	return;
		1309	}
		1310
		1311	if (
		1312	defined $self->{rbuf_max}
		1313	&& $self->{rbuf_max} < length $self->{rbuf}
		1314	) {
		1315	$self->_error (Errno::ENOSPC, 1), return;
811	}	1316	}
812		1317
813	# may need to restart read watcher	1318	# may need to restart read watcher
814	unless ($self->{_rw}) {	1319	unless ($self->{_rw}) {
815	$self->start_read	1320	$self->start_read
…		…
821		1326
822	This replaces the currently set C<on_read> callback, or clears it (when	1327	This replaces the currently set C<on_read> callback, or clears it (when
823	the new callback is C<undef>). See the description of C<on_read> in the	1328	the new callback is C<undef>). See the description of C<on_read> in the
824	constructor.	1329	constructor.
825		1330
		1331	This method may invoke callbacks (and therefore the handle might be
		1332	destroyed after it returns).
		1333
826	=cut	1334	=cut
827		1335
828	sub on_read {	1336	sub on_read {
829	my ($self, $cb) = @_;	1337	my ($self, $cb) = @_;
830		1338
831	$self->{on_read} = $cb;	1339	$self->{on_read} = $cb;
832	$self->_drain_rbuf if $cb && !$self->{_in_drain};	1340	$self->_drain_rbuf if $cb;
833	}	1341	}
834		1342
835	=item $handle->rbuf	1343	=item $handle->rbuf
836		1344
837	Returns the read buffer (as a modifiable lvalue).	1345	Returns the read buffer (as a modifiable lvalue). You can also access the
		1346	read buffer directly as the C<< ->{rbuf} >> member, if you want (this is
		1347	much faster, and no less clean).
838		1348
839	You can access the read buffer directly as the C<< ->{rbuf} >> member, if	1349	The only operation allowed on the read buffer (apart from looking at it)
840	you want.	1350	is removing data from its beginning. Otherwise modifying or appending to
		1351	it is not allowed and will lead to hard-to-track-down bugs.
841		1352
842	NOTE: The read buffer should only be used or modified if the C<on_read>,	1353	NOTE: The read buffer should only be used or modified in the C<on_read>
843	C<push_read> or C<unshift_read> methods are used. The other read methods	1354	callback or when C<push_read> or C<unshift_read> are used with a single
844	automatically manage the read buffer.	1355	callback (i.e. untyped). Typed C<push_read> and C<unshift_read> methods
		1356	will manage the read buffer on their own.
845		1357
846	=cut	1358	=cut
847		1359
848	sub rbuf : lvalue {	1360	sub rbuf : lvalue {
849	$_[0]{rbuf}	1361	$_[0]{rbuf}
…		…
866		1378
867	If enough data was available, then the callback must remove all data it is	1379	If enough data was available, then the callback must remove all data it is
868	interested in (which can be none at all) and return a true value. After returning	1380	interested in (which can be none at all) and return a true value. After returning
869	true, it will be removed from the queue.	1381	true, it will be removed from the queue.
870		1382
		1383	These methods may invoke callbacks (and therefore the handle might be
		1384	destroyed after it returns).
		1385
871	=cut	1386	=cut
872		1387
873	our %RH;	1388	our %RH;
874		1389
875	sub register_read_type($$) {	1390	sub register_read_type($$) {
…		…
881	my $cb = pop;	1396	my $cb = pop;
882		1397
883	if (@_) {	1398	if (@_) {
884	my $type = shift;	1399	my $type = shift;
885		1400
		1401	$cb = ($RH{$type} ||= _load_func "$type\::anyevent_read_type"
886	$cb = ($RH{$type} or Carp::croak "unsupported type passed to AnyEvent::Handle::push_read")	1402	or Carp::croak "unsupported/unloadable type '$type' passed to AnyEvent::Handle::push_read")
887	->($self, $cb, @_);	1403	->($self, $cb, @_);
888	}	1404	}
889		1405
890	push @{ $self->{_queue} }, $cb;	1406	push @{ $self->{_queue} }, $cb;
891	$self->_drain_rbuf unless $self->{_in_drain};	1407	$self->_drain_rbuf;
892	}	1408	}
893		1409
894	sub unshift_read {	1410	sub unshift_read {
895	my $self = shift;	1411	my $self = shift;
896	my $cb = pop;	1412	my $cb = pop;
897		1413
898	if (@_) {	1414	if (@_) {
899	my $type = shift;	1415	my $type = shift;
900		1416
		1417	$cb = ($RH{$type} ||= _load_func "$type\::anyevent_read_type"
901	$cb = ($RH{$type} or Carp::croak "unsupported type passed to AnyEvent::Handle::unshift_read")	1418	or Carp::croak "unsupported/unloadable type '$type' passed to AnyEvent::Handle::unshift_read")
902	->($self, $cb, @_);	1419	->($self, $cb, @_);
903	}	1420	}
904		1421
905
906	unshift @{ $self->{_queue} }, $cb;	1422	unshift @{ $self->{_queue} }, $cb;
907	$self->_drain_rbuf unless $self->{_in_drain};	1423	$self->_drain_rbuf;
908	}	1424	}
909		1425
910	=item $handle->push_read (type => @args, $cb)	1426	=item $handle->push_read (type => @args, $cb)
911		1427
912	=item $handle->unshift_read (type => @args, $cb)	1428	=item $handle->unshift_read (type => @args, $cb)
913		1429
914	Instead of providing a callback that parses the data itself you can chose	1430	Instead of providing a callback that parses the data itself you can chose
915	between a number of predefined parsing formats, for chunks of data, lines	1431	between a number of predefined parsing formats, for chunks of data, lines
916	etc.	1432	etc. You can also specify the (fully qualified) name of a package, in
		1433	which case AnyEvent tries to load the package and then expects to find the
		1434	C<anyevent_read_type> function inside (see "custom read types", below).
917		1435
918	Predefined types are (if you have ideas for additional types, feel free to	1436	Predefined types are (if you have ideas for additional types, feel free to
919	drop by and tell us):	1437	drop by and tell us):
920		1438
921	=over 4	1439	=over 4
…		…
927	data.	1445	data.
928		1446
929	Example: read 2 bytes.	1447	Example: read 2 bytes.
930		1448
931	$handle->push_read (chunk => 2, sub {	1449	$handle->push_read (chunk => 2, sub {
932	warn "yay ", unpack "H*", $_[1];	1450	say "yay " . unpack "H*", $_[1];
933	});	1451	});
934		1452
935	=cut	1453	=cut
936		1454
937	register_read_type chunk => sub {	1455	register_read_type chunk => sub {
…		…
971	if (@_ < 3) {	1489	if (@_ < 3) {
972	# this is more than twice as fast as the generic code below	1490	# this is more than twice as fast as the generic code below
973	sub {	1491	sub {
974	$_[0]{rbuf} =~ s/^([^\015\012]*)(\015?\012)// or return;	1492	$_[0]{rbuf} =~ s/^([^\015\012]*)(\015?\012)// or return;
975		1493
976	$cb->($_[0], $1, $2);	1494	$cb->($_[0], "$1", "$2");
977	1	1495	1
978	}	1496	}
979	} else {	1497	} else {
980	$eol = quotemeta $eol unless ref $eol;	1498	$eol = quotemeta $eol unless ref $eol;
981	$eol = qr|^(.*?)($eol)|s;	1499	$eol = qr|^(.*?)($eol)|s;
982		1500
983	sub {	1501	sub {
984	$_[0]{rbuf} =~ s/$eol// or return;	1502	$_[0]{rbuf} =~ s/$eol// or return;
985		1503
986	$cb->($_[0], $1, $2);	1504	$cb->($_[0], "$1", "$2");
987	1	1505	1
988	}	1506	}
989	}	1507	}
990	};	1508	};
991		1509
…		…
1013	the receive buffer when neither C<$accept> nor C<$reject> match,	1531	the receive buffer when neither C<$accept> nor C<$reject> match,
1014	and everything preceding and including the match will be accepted	1532	and everything preceding and including the match will be accepted
1015	unconditionally. This is useful to skip large amounts of data that you	1533	unconditionally. This is useful to skip large amounts of data that you
1016	know cannot be matched, so that the C<$accept> or C<$reject> regex do not	1534	know cannot be matched, so that the C<$accept> or C<$reject> regex do not
1017	have to start matching from the beginning. This is purely an optimisation	1535	have to start matching from the beginning. This is purely an optimisation
1018	and is usually worth only when you expect more than a few kilobytes.	1536	and is usually worth it only when you expect more than a few kilobytes.
1019		1537
1020	Example: expect a http header, which ends at C<\015\012\015\012>. Since we	1538	Example: expect a http header, which ends at C<\015\012\015\012>. Since we
1021	expect the header to be very large (it isn't in practise, but...), we use	1539	expect the header to be very large (it isn't in practice, but...), we use
1022	a skip regex to skip initial portions. The skip regex is tricky in that	1540	a skip regex to skip initial portions. The skip regex is tricky in that
1023	it only accepts something not ending in either \015 or \012, as these are	1541	it only accepts something not ending in either \015 or \012, as these are
1024	required for the accept regex.	1542	required for the accept regex.
1025		1543
1026	$handle->push_read (regex =>	1544	$handle->push_read (regex =>
…		…
1039		1557
1040	sub {	1558	sub {
1041	# accept	1559	# accept
1042	if ($$rbuf =~ $accept) {	1560	if ($$rbuf =~ $accept) {
1043	$data .= substr $$rbuf, 0, $+[0], "";	1561	$data .= substr $$rbuf, 0, $+[0], "";
1044	$cb->($self, $data);	1562	$cb->($_[0], $data);
1045	return 1;	1563	return 1;
1046	}	1564	}
1047		1565
1048	# reject	1566	# reject
1049	if ($reject && $$rbuf =~ $reject) {	1567	if ($reject && $$rbuf =~ $reject) {
1050	$self->_error (&Errno::EBADMSG);	1568	$_[0]->_error (Errno::EBADMSG);
1051	}	1569	}
1052		1570
1053	# skip	1571	# skip
1054	if ($skip && $$rbuf =~ $skip) {	1572	if ($skip && $$rbuf =~ $skip) {
1055	$data .= substr $$rbuf, 0, $+[0], "";	1573	$data .= substr $$rbuf, 0, $+[0], "";
…		…
1071	my ($self, $cb) = @_;	1589	my ($self, $cb) = @_;
1072		1590
1073	sub {	1591	sub {
1074	unless ($_[0]{rbuf} =~ s/^(0|[1-9][0-9]*)://) {	1592	unless ($_[0]{rbuf} =~ s/^(0|[1-9][0-9]*)://) {
1075	if ($_[0]{rbuf} =~ /[^0-9]/) {	1593	if ($_[0]{rbuf} =~ /[^0-9]/) {
1076	$self->_error (&Errno::EBADMSG);	1594	$_[0]->_error (Errno::EBADMSG);
1077	}	1595	}
1078	return;	1596	return;
1079	}	1597	}
1080		1598
1081	my $len = $1;	1599	my $len = $1;
1082		1600
1083	$self->unshift_read (chunk => $len, sub {	1601	$_[0]->unshift_read (chunk => $len, sub {
1084	my $string = $_[1];	1602	my $string = $_[1];
1085	$_[0]->unshift_read (chunk => 1, sub {	1603	$_[0]->unshift_read (chunk => 1, sub {
1086	if ($_[1] eq ",") {	1604	if ($_[1] eq ",") {
1087	$cb->($_[0], $string);	1605	$cb->($_[0], $string);
1088	} else {	1606	} else {
1089	$self->_error (&Errno::EBADMSG);	1607	$_[0]->_error (Errno::EBADMSG);
1090	}	1608	}
1091	});	1609	});
1092	});	1610	});
1093		1611
1094	1	1612	1
…		…
1100	An octet string prefixed with an encoded length. The encoding C<$format>	1618	An octet string prefixed with an encoded length. The encoding C<$format>
1101	uses the same format as a Perl C<pack> format, but must specify a single	1619	uses the same format as a Perl C<pack> format, but must specify a single
1102	integer only (only one of C<cCsSlLqQiInNvVjJw> is allowed, plus an	1620	integer only (only one of C<cCsSlLqQiInNvVjJw> is allowed, plus an
1103	optional C<!>, C<< < >> or C<< > >> modifier).	1621	optional C<!>, C<< < >> or C<< > >> modifier).
1104		1622
1105	DNS over TCP uses a prefix of C<n>, EPP uses a prefix of C<N>.	1623	For example, DNS over TCP uses a prefix of C<n> (2 octet network order),
		1624	EPP uses a prefix of C<N> (4 octtes).
1106		1625
1107	Example: read a block of data prefixed by its length in BER-encoded	1626	Example: read a block of data prefixed by its length in BER-encoded
1108	format (very efficient).	1627	format (very efficient).
1109		1628
1110	$handle->push_read (packstring => "w", sub {	1629	$handle->push_read (packstring => "w", sub {
…		…
1140	}	1659	}
1141	};	1660	};
1142		1661
1143	=item json => $cb->($handle, $hash_or_arrayref)	1662	=item json => $cb->($handle, $hash_or_arrayref)
1144		1663
1145	Reads a JSON object or array, decodes it and passes it to the callback.	1664	Reads a JSON object or array, decodes it and passes it to the
		1665	callback. When a parse error occurs, an C<EBADMSG> error will be raised.
1146		1666
1147	If a C<json> object was passed to the constructor, then that will be used	1667	If a C<json> object was passed to the constructor, then that will be used
1148	for the final decode, otherwise it will create a JSON coder expecting UTF-8.	1668	for the final decode, otherwise it will create a JSON coder expecting UTF-8.
1149		1669
1150	This read type uses the incremental parser available with JSON version	1670	This read type uses the incremental parser available with JSON version
…		…
1159	=cut	1679	=cut
1160		1680
1161	register_read_type json => sub {	1681	register_read_type json => sub {
1162	my ($self, $cb) = @_;	1682	my ($self, $cb) = @_;
1163		1683
1164	require JSON;	1684	my $json = $self->{json} ||= json_coder;
1165		1685
1166	my $data;	1686	my $data;
1167	my $rbuf = \$self->{rbuf};	1687	my $rbuf = \$self->{rbuf};
1168		1688
1169	my $json = $self->{json} ||= JSON->new->utf8;
1170
1171	sub {	1689	sub {
1172	my $ref = $json->incr_parse ($self->{rbuf});	1690	my $ref = eval { $json->incr_parse ($_[0]{rbuf}) };
1173		1691
1174	if ($ref) {	1692	if ($ref) {
1175	$self->{rbuf} = $json->incr_text;	1693	$_[0]{rbuf} = $json->incr_text;
1176	$json->incr_text = "";	1694	$json->incr_text = "";
1177	$cb->($self, $ref);	1695	$cb->($_[0], $ref);
1178		1696
1179	1	1697	1
		1698	} elsif ($@) {
		1699	# error case
		1700	$json->incr_skip;
		1701
		1702	$_[0]{rbuf} = $json->incr_text;
		1703	$json->incr_text = "";
		1704
		1705	$_[0]->_error (Errno::EBADMSG);
		1706
		1707	()
1180	} else {	1708	} else {
1181	$self->{rbuf} = "";	1709	$_[0]{rbuf} = "";
		1710
1182	()	1711	()
1183	}	1712	}
1184	}	1713	}
1185	};	1714	};
1186		1715
…		…
1195	=cut	1724	=cut
1196		1725
1197	register_read_type storable => sub {	1726	register_read_type storable => sub {
1198	my ($self, $cb) = @_;	1727	my ($self, $cb) = @_;
1199		1728
1200	require Storable;	1729	require Storable unless $Storable::VERSION;
1201		1730
1202	sub {	1731	sub {
1203	# when we can use 5.10 we can use ".", but for 5.8 we use the re-pack method	1732	# when we can use 5.10 we can use ".", but for 5.8 we use the re-pack method
1204	defined (my $len = eval { unpack "w", $_[0]{rbuf} })	1733	defined (my $len = eval { unpack "w", $_[0]{rbuf} })
1205	or return;	1734	or return;
…		…
1208		1737
1209	# bypass unshift if we already have the remaining chunk	1738	# bypass unshift if we already have the remaining chunk
1210	if ($format + $len <= length $_[0]{rbuf}) {	1739	if ($format + $len <= length $_[0]{rbuf}) {
1211	my $data = substr $_[0]{rbuf}, $format, $len;	1740	my $data = substr $_[0]{rbuf}, $format, $len;
1212	substr $_[0]{rbuf}, 0, $format + $len, "";	1741	substr $_[0]{rbuf}, 0, $format + $len, "";
		1742
1213	$cb->($_[0], Storable::thaw ($data));	1743	eval { $cb->($_[0], Storable::thaw ($data)); 1 }
		1744	or return $_[0]->_error (Errno::EBADMSG);
1214	} else {	1745	} else {
1215	# remove prefix	1746	# remove prefix
1216	substr $_[0]{rbuf}, 0, $format, "";	1747	substr $_[0]{rbuf}, 0, $format, "";
1217		1748
1218	# read remaining chunk	1749	# read remaining chunk
1219	$_[0]->unshift_read (chunk => $len, sub {	1750	$_[0]->unshift_read (chunk => $len, sub {
1220	if (my $ref = eval { Storable::thaw ($_[1]) }) {	1751	eval { $cb->($_[0], Storable::thaw ($_[1])); 1 }
1221	$cb->($_[0], $ref);
1222	} else {
1223	$self->_error (&Errno::EBADMSG);	1752	or $_[0]->_error (Errno::EBADMSG);
1224	}
1225	});	1753	});
1226	}	1754	}
1227		1755
1228	1	1756	1
1229	}	1757	}
1230	};	1758	};
1231		1759
1232	=back	1760	=back
1233		1761
1234	=item AnyEvent::Handle::register_read_type type => $coderef->($handle, $cb, @args)	1762	=item custom read types - Package::anyevent_read_type $handle, $cb, @args
1235		1763
1236	This function (not method) lets you add your own types to C<push_read>.	1764	Instead of one of the predefined types, you can also specify the name
		1765	of a package. AnyEvent will try to load the package and then expects to
		1766	find a function named C<anyevent_read_type> inside. If it isn't found, it
		1767	progressively tries to load the parent package until it either finds the
		1768	function (good) or runs out of packages (bad).
1237		1769
1238	Whenever the given C<type> is used, C<push_read> will invoke the code	1770	Whenever this type is used, C<push_read> will invoke the function with the
1239	reference with the handle object, the callback and the remaining	1771	handle object, the original callback and the remaining arguments.
1240	arguments.
1241		1772
1242	The code reference is supposed to return a callback (usually a closure)	1773	The function is supposed to return a callback (usually a closure) that
1243	that works as a plain read callback (see C<< ->push_read ($cb) >>).	1774	works as a plain read callback (see C<< ->push_read ($cb) >>), so you can
		1775	mentally treat the function as a "configurable read type to read callback"
		1776	converter.
1244		1777
1245	It should invoke the passed callback when it is done reading (remember to	1778	It should invoke the original callback when it is done reading (remember
1246	pass C<$handle> as first argument as all other callbacks do that).	1779	to pass C<$handle> as first argument as all other callbacks do that,
		1780	although there is no strict requirement on this).
1247		1781
1248	Note that this is a function, and all types registered this way will be
1249	global, so try to use unique names.
1250
1251	For examples, see the source of this module (F<perldoc -m AnyEvent::Handle>,	1782	For examples, see the source of this module (F<perldoc -m
1252	search for C<register_read_type>)).	1783	AnyEvent::Handle>, search for C<register_read_type>)).
1253		1784
1254	=item $handle->stop_read	1785	=item $handle->stop_read
1255		1786
1256	=item $handle->start_read	1787	=item $handle->start_read
1257		1788
…		…
1263	Note that AnyEvent::Handle will automatically C<start_read> for you when	1794	Note that AnyEvent::Handle will automatically C<start_read> for you when
1264	you change the C<on_read> callback or push/unshift a read callback, and it	1795	you change the C<on_read> callback or push/unshift a read callback, and it
1265	will automatically C<stop_read> for you when neither C<on_read> is set nor	1796	will automatically C<stop_read> for you when neither C<on_read> is set nor
1266	there are any read requests in the queue.	1797	there are any read requests in the queue.
1267		1798
		1799	In older versions of this module (<= 5.3), these methods had no effect,
		1800	as TLS does not support half-duplex connections. In current versions they
		1801	work as expected, as this behaviour is required to avoid certain resource
		1802	attacks, where the program would be forced to read (and buffer) arbitrary
		1803	amounts of data before being able to send some data. The drawback is that
		1804	some readings of the the SSL/TLS specifications basically require this
		1805	attack to be working, as SSL/TLS implementations might stall sending data
		1806	during a rehandshake.
		1807
		1808	As a guideline, during the initial handshake, you should not stop reading,
		1809	and as a client, it might cause problems, depending on your application.
		1810
1268	=cut	1811	=cut
1269		1812
1270	sub stop_read {	1813	sub stop_read {
1271	my ($self) = @_;	1814	my ($self) = @_;
1272		1815
…		…
1274	}	1817	}
1275		1818
1276	sub start_read {	1819	sub start_read {
1277	my ($self) = @_;	1820	my ($self) = @_;
1278		1821
1279	unless ($self->{_rw} || $self->{_eof}) {	1822	unless ($self->{_rw} || $self->{_eof} || !$self->{fh}) {
1280	Scalar::Util::weaken $self;	1823	Scalar::Util::weaken $self;
1281		1824
1282	$self->{_rw} = AnyEvent->io (fh => $self->{fh}, poll => "r", cb => sub {	1825	$self->{_rw} = AE::io $self->{fh}, 0, sub {
1283	my $rbuf = $self->{filter_r} ? \my $buf : \$self->{rbuf};	1826	my $rbuf = \($self->{tls} ? my $buf : $self->{rbuf});
1284	my $len = sysread $self->{fh}, $$rbuf, $self->{read_size} || 8192, length $$rbuf;	1827	my $len = sysread $self->{fh}, $$rbuf, $self->{read_size}, length $$rbuf;
1285		1828
1286	if ($len > 0) {	1829	if ($len > 0) {
1287	$self->{_activity} = AnyEvent->now;	1830	$self->{_activity} = $self->{_ractivity} = AE::now;
1288		1831
1289	$self->{filter_r}	1832	if ($self->{tls}) {
1290	? $self->{filter_r}($self, $rbuf)	1833	Net::SSLeay::BIO_write ($self->{_rbio}, $$rbuf);
1291	: $self->{_in_drain} || $self->_drain_rbuf;	1834
		1835	&_dotls ($self);
		1836	} else {
		1837	$self->_drain_rbuf;
		1838	}
		1839
		1840	if ($len == $self->{read_size}) {
		1841	$self->{read_size} *= 2;
		1842	$self->{read_size} = $self->{max_read_size} || MAX_READ_SIZE
		1843	if $self->{read_size} > ($self->{max_read_size} || MAX_READ_SIZE);
		1844	}
1292		1845
1293	} elsif (defined $len) {	1846	} elsif (defined $len) {
1294	delete $self->{_rw};	1847	delete $self->{_rw};
1295	$self->{_eof} = 1;	1848	$self->{_eof} = 1;
1296	$self->_drain_rbuf unless $self->{_in_drain};	1849	$self->_drain_rbuf;
1297		1850
1298	} elsif ($! != EAGAIN && $! != EINTR && $! != WSAEWOULDBLOCK) {	1851	} elsif ($! != EAGAIN && $! != EINTR && $! != WSAEWOULDBLOCK) {
1299	return $self->_error ($!, 1);	1852	return $self->_error ($!, 1);
1300	}	1853	}
1301	});	1854	};
1302	}	1855	}
1303	}	1856	}
1304		1857
		1858	our $ERROR_SYSCALL;
		1859	our $ERROR_WANT_READ;
		1860
		1861	sub _tls_error {
		1862	my ($self, $err) = @_;
		1863
		1864	return $self->_error ($!, 1)
		1865	if $err == Net::SSLeay::ERROR_SYSCALL ();
		1866
		1867	my $err = Net::SSLeay::ERR_error_string (Net::SSLeay::ERR_get_error ());
		1868
		1869	# reduce error string to look less scary
		1870	$err =~ s/^error:[0-9a-fA-F]{8}:[^:]+:([^:]+):/\L$1: /;
		1871
		1872	if ($self->{_on_starttls}) {
		1873	(delete $self->{_on_starttls})->($self, undef, $err);
		1874	&_freetls;
		1875	} else {
		1876	&_freetls;
		1877	$self->_error (Errno::EPROTO, 1, $err);
		1878	}
		1879	}
		1880
		1881	# poll the write BIO and send the data if applicable
		1882	# also decode read data if possible
		1883	# this is basiclaly our TLS state machine
		1884	# more efficient implementations are possible with openssl,
		1885	# but not with the buggy and incomplete Net::SSLeay.
1305	sub _dotls {	1886	sub _dotls {
1306	my ($self) = @_;	1887	my ($self) = @_;
1307		1888
1308	my $buf;	1889	my $tmp;
1309		1890
1310	if (length $self->{_tls_wbuf}) {	1891	if (length $self->{_tls_wbuf}) {
1311	while ((my $len = Net::SSLeay::write ($self->{tls}, $self->{_tls_wbuf})) > 0) {	1892	while (($tmp = Net::SSLeay::write ($self->{tls}, $self->{_tls_wbuf})) > 0) {
1312	substr $self->{_tls_wbuf}, 0, $len, "";	1893	substr $self->{_tls_wbuf}, 0, $tmp, "";
1313	}	1894	}
1314	}
1315		1895
		1896	$tmp = Net::SSLeay::get_error ($self->{tls}, $tmp);
		1897	return $self->_tls_error ($tmp)
		1898	if $tmp != $ERROR_WANT_READ
		1899	&& ($tmp != $ERROR_SYSCALL || $!);
		1900	}
		1901
		1902	while (defined ($tmp = Net::SSLeay::read ($self->{tls}))) {
		1903	unless (length $tmp) {
		1904	$self->{_on_starttls}
		1905	and (delete $self->{_on_starttls})->($self, undef, "EOF during handshake"); # ???
		1906	&_freetls;
		1907
		1908	if ($self->{on_stoptls}) {
		1909	$self->{on_stoptls}($self);
		1910	return;
		1911	} else {
		1912	# let's treat SSL-eof as we treat normal EOF
		1913	delete $self->{_rw};
		1914	$self->{_eof} = 1;
		1915	}
		1916	}
		1917
		1918	$self->{_tls_rbuf} .= $tmp;
		1919	$self->_drain_rbuf;
		1920	$self->{tls} or return; # tls session might have gone away in callback
		1921	}
		1922
		1923	$tmp = Net::SSLeay::get_error ($self->{tls}, -1);
		1924	return $self->_tls_error ($tmp)
		1925	if $tmp != $ERROR_WANT_READ
		1926	&& ($tmp != $ERROR_SYSCALL || $!);
		1927
1316	if (length ($buf = Net::SSLeay::BIO_read ($self->{_wbio}))) {	1928	while (length ($tmp = Net::SSLeay::BIO_read ($self->{_wbio}))) {
1317	$self->{wbuf} .= $buf;	1929	$self->{wbuf} .= $tmp;
1318	$self->_drain_wbuf;	1930	$self->_drain_wbuf;
		1931	$self->{tls} or return; # tls session might have gone away in callback
1319	}	1932	}
1320		1933
1321	while (defined ($buf = Net::SSLeay::read ($self->{tls}))) {	1934	$self->{_on_starttls}
1322	if (length $buf) {	1935	and Net::SSLeay::state ($self->{tls}) == Net::SSLeay::ST_OK ()
1323	$self->{rbuf} .= $buf;	1936	and (delete $self->{_on_starttls})->($self, 1, "TLS/SSL connection established");
1324	$self->_drain_rbuf unless $self->{_in_drain};
1325	} else {
1326	# let's treat SSL-eof as we treat normal EOF
1327	$self->{_eof} = 1;
1328	$self->_shutdown;
1329	return;
1330	}
1331	}
1332
1333	my $err = Net::SSLeay::get_error ($self->{tls}, -1);
1334
1335	if ($err!= Net::SSLeay::ERROR_WANT_READ ()) {
1336	if ($err == Net::SSLeay::ERROR_SYSCALL ()) {
1337	return $self->_error ($!, 1);
1338	} elsif ($err == Net::SSLeay::ERROR_SSL ()) {
1339	return $self->_error (&Errno::EIO, 1);
1340	}
1341
1342	# all others are fine for our purposes
1343	}
1344	}	1937	}
1345		1938
1346	=item $handle->starttls ($tls[, $tls_ctx])	1939	=item $handle->starttls ($tls[, $tls_ctx])
1347		1940
1348	Instead of starting TLS negotiation immediately when the AnyEvent::Handle	1941	Instead of starting TLS negotiation immediately when the AnyEvent::Handle
1349	object is created, you can also do that at a later time by calling	1942	object is created, you can also do that at a later time by calling
1350	C<starttls>.	1943	C<starttls>. See the C<tls> constructor argument for general info.
		1944
		1945	Starting TLS is currently an asynchronous operation - when you push some
		1946	write data and then call C<< ->starttls >> then TLS negotiation will start
		1947	immediately, after which the queued write data is then sent. This might
		1948	change in future versions, so best make sure you have no outstanding write
		1949	data when calling this method.
1351		1950
1352	The first argument is the same as the C<tls> constructor argument (either	1951	The first argument is the same as the C<tls> constructor argument (either
1353	C<"connect">, C<"accept"> or an existing Net::SSLeay object).	1952	C<"connect">, C<"accept"> or an existing Net::SSLeay object).
1354		1953
1355	The second argument is the optional C<Net::SSLeay::CTX> object that is	1954	The second argument is the optional C<AnyEvent::TLS> object that is used
1356	used when AnyEvent::Handle has to create its own TLS connection object.	1955	when AnyEvent::Handle has to create its own TLS connection object, or
		1956	a hash reference with C<< key => value >> pairs that will be used to
		1957	construct a new context.
1357		1958
1358	The TLS connection object will end up in C<< $handle->{tls} >> after this	1959	The TLS connection object will end up in C<< $handle->{tls} >>, the TLS
1359	call and can be used or changed to your liking. Note that the handshake	1960	context in C<< $handle->{tls_ctx} >> after this call and can be used or
1360	might have already started when this function returns.	1961	changed to your liking. Note that the handshake might have already started
		1962	when this function returns.
1361		1963
		1964	Due to bugs in OpenSSL, it might or might not be possible to do multiple
		1965	handshakes on the same stream. It is best to not attempt to use the
		1966	stream after stopping TLS.
		1967
		1968	This method may invoke callbacks (and therefore the handle might be
		1969	destroyed after it returns).
		1970
1362	=cut	1971	=cut
		1972
		1973	our %TLS_CACHE; #TODO not yet documented, should we?
1363		1974
1364	sub starttls {	1975	sub starttls {
1365	my ($self, $ssl, $ctx) = @_;	1976	my ($self, $tls, $ctx) = @_;
1366		1977
1367	$self->stoptls;	1978	Carp::croak "It is an error to call starttls on an AnyEvent::Handle object while TLS is already active, caught"
		1979	if $self->{tls};
1368		1980
1369	if ($ssl eq "accept") {	1981	unless (defined $AnyEvent::TLS::VERSION) {
1370	$ssl = Net::SSLeay::new ($ctx || TLS_CTX ());	1982	eval {
1371	Net::SSLeay::set_accept_state ($ssl);	1983	require Net::SSLeay;
1372	} elsif ($ssl eq "connect") {	1984	require AnyEvent::TLS;
1373	$ssl = Net::SSLeay::new ($ctx || TLS_CTX ());	1985	1
1374	Net::SSLeay::set_connect_state ($ssl);	1986	} or return $self->_error (Errno::EPROTO, 1, "TLS support not available on this system");
		1987	}
		1988
		1989	$self->{tls} = $tls;
		1990	$self->{tls_ctx} = $ctx if @_ > 2;
		1991
		1992	return unless $self->{fh};
		1993
		1994	$ERROR_SYSCALL = Net::SSLeay::ERROR_SYSCALL ();
		1995	$ERROR_WANT_READ = Net::SSLeay::ERROR_WANT_READ ();
		1996
		1997	$tls = delete $self->{tls};
		1998	$ctx = $self->{tls_ctx};
		1999
		2000	local $Carp::CarpLevel = 1; # skip ourselves when creating a new context or session
		2001
		2002	if ("HASH" eq ref $ctx) {
		2003	if ($ctx->{cache}) {
		2004	my $key = $ctx+0;
		2005	$ctx = $TLS_CACHE{$key} ||= new AnyEvent::TLS %$ctx;
		2006	} else {
		2007	$ctx = new AnyEvent::TLS %$ctx;
		2008	}
		2009	}
1375	}	2010
1376		2011	$self->{tls_ctx} = $ctx || TLS_CTX ();
1377	$self->{tls} = $ssl;	2012	$self->{tls} = $tls = $self->{tls_ctx}->_get_session ($tls, $self, $self->{peername});
1378		2013
1379	# basically, this is deep magic (because SSL_read should have the same issues)	2014	# basically, this is deep magic (because SSL_read should have the same issues)
1380	# but the openssl maintainers basically said: "trust us, it just works".	2015	# but the openssl maintainers basically said: "trust us, it just works".
1381	# (unfortunately, we have to hardcode constants because the abysmally misdesigned	2016	# (unfortunately, we have to hardcode constants because the abysmally misdesigned
1382	# and mismaintained ssleay-module doesn't even offer them).	2017	# and mismaintained ssleay-module doesn't even offer them).
1383	# http://www.mail-archive.com/openssl-dev@openssl.org/msg22420.html	2018	# http://www.mail-archive.com/openssl-dev@openssl.org/msg22420.html
1384	#	2019	#
1385	# in short: this is a mess.	2020	# in short: this is a mess.
1386	#	2021	#
1387	# note that we do not try to kepe the length constant between writes as we are required to do.	2022	# note that we do not try to keep the length constant between writes as we are required to do.
1388	# we assume that most (but not all) of this insanity only applies to non-blocking cases,	2023	# we assume that most (but not all) of this insanity only applies to non-blocking cases,
1389	# and we drive openssl fully in blocking mode here.	2024	# and we drive openssl fully in blocking mode here. Or maybe we don't - openssl seems to
		2025	# have identity issues in that area.
1390	Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_mode ($self->{tls},	2026	# Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_mode ($ssl,
1391	(eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; Net::SSLeay::MODE_ENABLE_PARTIAL_WRITE () } || 1)	2027	# (eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; Net::SSLeay::MODE_ENABLE_PARTIAL_WRITE () } || 1)
1392	| (eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; Net::SSLeay::MODE_ACCEPT_MOVING_WRITE_BUFFER () } || 2));	2028	# | (eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; Net::SSLeay::MODE_ACCEPT_MOVING_WRITE_BUFFER () } || 2));
		2029	Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_mode ($tls, 1|2);
1393		2030
1394	$self->{_rbio} = Net::SSLeay::BIO_new (Net::SSLeay::BIO_s_mem ());	2031	$self->{_rbio} = Net::SSLeay::BIO_new (Net::SSLeay::BIO_s_mem ());
1395	$self->{_wbio} = Net::SSLeay::BIO_new (Net::SSLeay::BIO_s_mem ());	2032	$self->{_wbio} = Net::SSLeay::BIO_new (Net::SSLeay::BIO_s_mem ());
1396		2033
		2034	Net::SSLeay::BIO_write ($self->{_rbio}, $self->{rbuf});
		2035	$self->{rbuf} = "";
		2036
1397	Net::SSLeay::set_bio ($ssl, $self->{_rbio}, $self->{_wbio});	2037	Net::SSLeay::set_bio ($tls, $self->{_rbio}, $self->{_wbio});
1398		2038
1399	$self->{filter_w} = sub {	2039	$self->{_on_starttls} = sub { $_[0]{on_starttls}(@_) }
1400	$_[0]{_tls_wbuf} .= ${$_[1]};	2040	if $self->{on_starttls};
1401	&_dotls;	2041
1402	};	2042	&_dotls; # need to trigger the initial handshake
1403	$self->{filter_r} = sub {	2043	$self->start_read; # make sure we actually do read
1404	Net::SSLeay::BIO_write ($_[0]{_rbio}, ${$_[1]});
1405	&_dotls;
1406	};
1407	}	2044	}
1408		2045
1409	=item $handle->stoptls	2046	=item $handle->stoptls
1410		2047
1411	Destroys the SSL connection, if any. Partial read or write data will be	2048	Shuts down the SSL connection - this makes a proper EOF handshake by
1412	lost.	2049	sending a close notify to the other side, but since OpenSSL doesn't
		2050	support non-blocking shut downs, it is not guaranteed that you can re-use
		2051	the stream afterwards.
		2052
		2053	This method may invoke callbacks (and therefore the handle might be
		2054	destroyed after it returns).
1413		2055
1414	=cut	2056	=cut
1415		2057
1416	sub stoptls {	2058	sub stoptls {
1417	my ($self) = @_;	2059	my ($self) = @_;
1418		2060
1419	Net::SSLeay::free (delete $self->{tls}) if $self->{tls};	2061	if ($self->{tls} && $self->{fh}) {
		2062	Net::SSLeay::shutdown ($self->{tls});
1420		2063
1421	delete $self->{_rbio};	2064	&_dotls;
1422	delete $self->{_wbio};	2065
1423	delete $self->{_tls_wbuf};	2066	# # we don't give a shit. no, we do, but we can't. no...#d#
1424	delete $self->{filter_r};	2067	# # we, we... have to use openssl :/#d#
1425	delete $self->{filter_w};	2068	# &_freetls;#d#
		2069	}
1426	}	2070	}
		2071
		2072	sub _freetls {
		2073	my ($self) = @_;
		2074
		2075	return unless $self->{tls};
		2076
		2077	$self->{tls_ctx}->_put_session (delete $self->{tls})
		2078	if $self->{tls} > 0;
		2079
		2080	delete @$self{qw(_rbio _wbio _tls_wbuf _on_starttls)};
		2081	}
		2082
		2083	=item $handle->resettls
		2084
		2085	This rarely-used method simply resets and TLS state on the handle, usually
		2086	causing data loss.
		2087
		2088	One case where it may be useful is when you want to skip over the data in
		2089	the stream but you are not interested in interpreting it, so data loss is
		2090	no concern.
		2091
		2092	=cut
		2093
		2094	*resettls = \&_freetls;
1427		2095
1428	sub DESTROY {	2096	sub DESTROY {
1429	my $self = shift;	2097	my ($self) = @_;
1430		2098
1431	$self->stoptls;	2099	&_freetls;
1432		2100
1433	my $linger = exists $self->{linger} ? $self->{linger} : 3600;	2101	my $linger = exists $self->{linger} ? $self->{linger} : 3600;
1434		2102
1435	if ($linger && length $self->{wbuf}) {	2103	if ($linger && length $self->{wbuf} && $self->{fh}) {
1436	my $fh = delete $self->{fh};	2104	my $fh = delete $self->{fh};
1437	my $wbuf = delete $self->{wbuf};	2105	my $wbuf = delete $self->{wbuf};
1438		2106
1439	my @linger;	2107	my @linger;
1440		2108
1441	push @linger, AnyEvent->io (fh => $fh, poll => "w", cb => sub {	2109	push @linger, AE::io $fh, 1, sub {
1442	my $len = syswrite $fh, $wbuf, length $wbuf;	2110	my $len = syswrite $fh, $wbuf, length $wbuf;
1443		2111
1444	if ($len > 0) {	2112	if ($len > 0) {
1445	substr $wbuf, 0, $len, "";	2113	substr $wbuf, 0, $len, "";
1446	} else {	2114	} elsif (defined $len || ($! != EAGAIN && $! != EINTR && $! != WSAEWOULDBLOCK)) {
1447	@linger = (); # end	2115	@linger = (); # end
1448	}	2116	}
		2117	};
		2118	push @linger, AE::timer $linger, 0, sub {
		2119	@linger = ();
		2120	};
		2121	}
		2122	}
		2123
		2124	=item $handle->destroy
		2125
		2126	Shuts down the handle object as much as possible - this call ensures that
		2127	no further callbacks will be invoked and as many resources as possible
		2128	will be freed. Any method you will call on the handle object after
		2129	destroying it in this way will be silently ignored (and it will return the
		2130	empty list).
		2131
		2132	Normally, you can just "forget" any references to an AnyEvent::Handle
		2133	object and it will simply shut down. This works in fatal error and EOF
		2134	callbacks, as well as code outside. It does I<NOT> work in a read or write
		2135	callback, so when you want to destroy the AnyEvent::Handle object from
		2136	within such an callback. You I<MUST> call C<< ->destroy >> explicitly in
		2137	that case.
		2138
		2139	Destroying the handle object in this way has the advantage that callbacks
		2140	will be removed as well, so if those are the only reference holders (as
		2141	is common), then one doesn't need to do anything special to break any
		2142	reference cycles.
		2143
		2144	The handle might still linger in the background and write out remaining
		2145	data, as specified by the C<linger> option, however.
		2146
		2147	=cut
		2148
		2149	sub destroy {
		2150	my ($self) = @_;
		2151
		2152	$self->DESTROY;
		2153	%$self = ();
		2154	bless $self, "AnyEvent::Handle::destroyed";
		2155	}
		2156
		2157	sub AnyEvent::Handle::destroyed::AUTOLOAD {
		2158	#nop
		2159	}
		2160
		2161	=item $handle->destroyed
		2162
		2163	Returns false as long as the handle hasn't been destroyed by a call to C<<
		2164	->destroy >>, true otherwise.
		2165
		2166	Can be useful to decide whether the handle is still valid after some
		2167	callback possibly destroyed the handle. For example, C<< ->push_write >>,
		2168	C<< ->starttls >> and other methods can call user callbacks, which in turn
		2169	can destroy the handle, so work can be avoided by checking sometimes:
		2170
		2171	$hdl->starttls ("accept");
		2172	return if $hdl->destroyed;
		2173	$hdl->push_write (...
		2174
		2175	Note that the call to C<push_write> will silently be ignored if the handle
		2176	has been destroyed, so often you can just ignore the possibility of the
		2177	handle being destroyed.
		2178
		2179	=cut
		2180
		2181	sub destroyed { 0 }
		2182	sub AnyEvent::Handle::destroyed::destroyed { 1 }
		2183
		2184	=item AnyEvent::Handle::TLS_CTX
		2185
		2186	This function creates and returns the AnyEvent::TLS object used by default
		2187	for TLS mode.
		2188
		2189	The context is created by calling L<AnyEvent::TLS> without any arguments.
		2190
		2191	=cut
		2192
		2193	our $TLS_CTX;
		2194
		2195	sub TLS_CTX() {
		2196	$TLS_CTX ||= do {
		2197	require AnyEvent::TLS;
		2198
		2199	new AnyEvent::TLS
		2200	}
		2201	}
		2202
		2203	=back
		2204
		2205
		2206	=head1 NONFREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS
		2207
		2208	=over 4
		2209
		2210	=item I C<undef> the AnyEvent::Handle reference inside my callback and
		2211	still get further invocations!
		2212
		2213	That's because AnyEvent::Handle keeps a reference to itself when handling
		2214	read or write callbacks.
		2215
		2216	It is only safe to "forget" the reference inside EOF or error callbacks,
		2217	from within all other callbacks, you need to explicitly call the C<<
		2218	->destroy >> method.
		2219
		2220	=item Why is my C<on_eof> callback never called?
		2221
		2222	Probably because your C<on_error> callback is being called instead: When
		2223	you have outstanding requests in your read queue, then an EOF is
		2224	considered an error as you clearly expected some data.
		2225
		2226	To avoid this, make sure you have an empty read queue whenever your handle
		2227	is supposed to be "idle" (i.e. connection closes are O.K.). You can set
		2228	an C<on_read> handler that simply pushes the first read requests in the
		2229	queue.
		2230
		2231	See also the next question, which explains this in a bit more detail.
		2232
		2233	=item How can I serve requests in a loop?
		2234
		2235	Most protocols consist of some setup phase (authentication for example)
		2236	followed by a request handling phase, where the server waits for requests
		2237	and handles them, in a loop.
		2238
		2239	There are two important variants: The first (traditional, better) variant
		2240	handles requests until the server gets some QUIT command, causing it to
		2241	close the connection first (highly desirable for a busy TCP server). A
		2242	client dropping the connection is an error, which means this variant can
		2243	detect an unexpected detection close.
		2244
		2245	To handle this case, always make sure you have a on-empty read queue, by
		2246	pushing the "read request start" handler on it:
		2247
		2248	# we assume a request starts with a single line
		2249	my @start_request; @start_request = (line => sub {
		2250	my ($hdl, $line) = @_;
		2251
		2252	... handle request
		2253
		2254	# push next request read, possibly from a nested callback
		2255	$hdl->push_read (@start_request);
		2256	});
		2257
		2258	# auth done, now go into request handling loop
		2259	# now push the first @start_request
		2260	$hdl->push_read (@start_request);
		2261
		2262	By always having an outstanding C<push_read>, the handle always expects
		2263	some data and raises the C<EPIPE> error when the connction is dropped
		2264	unexpectedly.
		2265
		2266	The second variant is a protocol where the client can drop the connection
		2267	at any time. For TCP, this means that the server machine may run out of
		2268	sockets easier, and in general, it means you cannot distinguish a protocl
		2269	failure/client crash from a normal connection close. Nevertheless, these
		2270	kinds of protocols are common (and sometimes even the best solution to the
		2271	problem).
		2272
		2273	Having an outstanding read request at all times is possible if you ignore
		2274	C<EPIPE> errors, but this doesn't help with when the client drops the
		2275	connection during a request, which would still be an error.
		2276
		2277	A better solution is to push the initial request read in an C<on_read>
		2278	callback. This avoids an error, as when the server doesn't expect data
		2279	(i.e. is idly waiting for the next request, an EOF will not raise an
		2280	error, but simply result in an C<on_eof> callback. It is also a bit slower
		2281	and simpler:
		2282
		2283	# auth done, now go into request handling loop
		2284	$hdl->on_read (sub {
		2285	my ($hdl) = @_;
		2286
		2287	# called each time we receive data but the read queue is empty
		2288	# simply start read the request
		2289
		2290	$hdl->push_read (line => sub {
		2291	my ($hdl, $line) = @_;
		2292
		2293	... handle request
		2294
		2295	# do nothing special when the request has been handled, just
		2296	# let the request queue go empty.
1449	});	2297	});
1450	push @linger, AnyEvent->timer (after => $linger, cb => sub {
1451	@linger = ();
1452	});	2298	});
		2299
		2300	=item I get different callback invocations in TLS mode/Why can't I pause
		2301	reading?
		2302
		2303	Unlike, say, TCP, TLS connections do not consist of two independent
		2304	communication channels, one for each direction. Or put differently, the
		2305	read and write directions are not independent of each other: you cannot
		2306	write data unless you are also prepared to read, and vice versa.
		2307
		2308	This means that, in TLS mode, you might get C<on_error> or C<on_eof>
		2309	callback invocations when you are not expecting any read data - the reason
		2310	is that AnyEvent::Handle always reads in TLS mode.
		2311
		2312	During the connection, you have to make sure that you always have a
		2313	non-empty read-queue, or an C<on_read> watcher. At the end of the
		2314	connection (or when you no longer want to use it) you can call the
		2315	C<destroy> method.
		2316
		2317	=item How do I read data until the other side closes the connection?
		2318
		2319	If you just want to read your data into a perl scalar, the easiest way
		2320	to achieve this is by setting an C<on_read> callback that does nothing,
		2321	clearing the C<on_eof> callback and in the C<on_error> callback, the data
		2322	will be in C<$_[0]{rbuf}>:
		2323
		2324	$handle->on_read (sub { });
		2325	$handle->on_eof (undef);
		2326	$handle->on_error (sub {
		2327	my $data = delete $_[0]{rbuf};
		2328	});
		2329
		2330	Note that this example removes the C<rbuf> member from the handle object,
		2331	which is not normally allowed by the API. It is expressly permitted in
		2332	this case only, as the handle object needs to be destroyed afterwards.
		2333
		2334	The reason to use C<on_error> is that TCP connections, due to latencies
		2335	and packets loss, might get closed quite violently with an error, when in
		2336	fact all data has been received.
		2337
		2338	It is usually better to use acknowledgements when transferring data,
		2339	to make sure the other side hasn't just died and you got the data
		2340	intact. This is also one reason why so many internet protocols have an
		2341	explicit QUIT command.
		2342
		2343	=item I don't want to destroy the handle too early - how do I wait until
		2344	all data has been written?
		2345
		2346	After writing your last bits of data, set the C<on_drain> callback
		2347	and destroy the handle in there - with the default setting of
		2348	C<low_water_mark> this will be called precisely when all data has been
		2349	written to the socket:
		2350
		2351	$handle->push_write (...);
		2352	$handle->on_drain (sub {
		2353	AE::log debug => "All data submitted to the kernel.";
		2354	undef $handle;
		2355	});
		2356
		2357	If you just want to queue some data and then signal EOF to the other side,
		2358	consider using C<< ->push_shutdown >> instead.
		2359
		2360	=item I want to contact a TLS/SSL server, I don't care about security.
		2361
		2362	If your TLS server is a pure TLS server (e.g. HTTPS) that only speaks TLS,
		2363	connect to it and then create the AnyEvent::Handle with the C<tls>
		2364	parameter:
		2365
		2366	tcp_connect $host, $port, sub {
		2367	my ($fh) = @_;
		2368
		2369	my $handle = new AnyEvent::Handle
		2370	fh => $fh,
		2371	tls => "connect",
		2372	on_error => sub { ... };
		2373
		2374	$handle->push_write (...);
1453	}	2375	};
1454	}
1455		2376
1456	=item AnyEvent::Handle::TLS_CTX	2377	=item I want to contact a TLS/SSL server, I do care about security.
1457		2378
1458	This function creates and returns the Net::SSLeay::CTX object used by	2379	Then you should additionally enable certificate verification, including
1459	default for TLS mode.	2380	peername verification, if the protocol you use supports it (see
		2381	L<AnyEvent::TLS>, C<verify_peername>).
1460		2382
1461	The context is created like this:	2383	E.g. for HTTPS:
1462		2384
1463	Net::SSLeay::load_error_strings;	2385	tcp_connect $host, $port, sub {
1464	Net::SSLeay::SSLeay_add_ssl_algorithms;	2386	my ($fh) = @_;
1465	Net::SSLeay::randomize;
1466		2387
1467	my $CTX = Net::SSLeay::CTX_new;	2388	my $handle = new AnyEvent::Handle
		2389	fh => $fh,
		2390	peername => $host,
		2391	tls => "connect",
		2392	tls_ctx => { verify => 1, verify_peername => "https" },
		2393	...
1468		2394
1469	Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_options $CTX, Net::SSLeay::OP_ALL	2395	Note that you must specify the hostname you connected to (or whatever
		2396	"peername" the protocol needs) as the C<peername> argument, otherwise no
		2397	peername verification will be done.
1470		2398
1471	=cut	2399	The above will use the system-dependent default set of trusted CA
		2400	certificates. If you want to check against a specific CA, add the
		2401	C<ca_file> (or C<ca_cert>) arguments to C<tls_ctx>:
1472		2402
1473	our $TLS_CTX;	2403	tls_ctx => {
		2404	verify => 1,
		2405	verify_peername => "https",
		2406	ca_file => "my-ca-cert.pem",
		2407	},
1474		2408
1475	sub TLS_CTX() {	2409	=item I want to create a TLS/SSL server, how do I do that?
1476	$TLS_CTX || do {
1477	require Net::SSLeay;
1478		2410
1479	Net::SSLeay::load_error_strings ();	2411	Well, you first need to get a server certificate and key. You have
1480	Net::SSLeay::SSLeay_add_ssl_algorithms ();	2412	three options: a) ask a CA (buy one, use cacert.org etc.) b) create a
1481	Net::SSLeay::randomize ();	2413	self-signed certificate (cheap. check the search engine of your choice,
		2414	there are many tutorials on the net) or c) make your own CA (tinyca2 is a
		2415	nice program for that purpose).
1482		2416
1483	$TLS_CTX = Net::SSLeay::CTX_new ();	2417	Then create a file with your private key (in PEM format, see
		2418	L<AnyEvent::TLS>), followed by the certificate (also in PEM format). The
		2419	file should then look like this:
1484		2420
1485	Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_options ($TLS_CTX, Net::SSLeay::OP_ALL ());	2421	-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
		2422	...header data
		2423	... lots of base64'y-stuff
		2424	-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
1486		2425
1487	$TLS_CTX	2426	-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
1488	}	2427	... lots of base64'y-stuff
1489	}	2428	-----END CERTIFICATE-----
		2429
		2430	The important bits are the "PRIVATE KEY" and "CERTIFICATE" parts. Then
		2431	specify this file as C<cert_file>:
		2432
		2433	tcp_server undef, $port, sub {
		2434	my ($fh) = @_;
		2435
		2436	my $handle = new AnyEvent::Handle
		2437	fh => $fh,
		2438	tls => "accept",
		2439	tls_ctx => { cert_file => "my-server-keycert.pem" },
		2440	...
		2441
		2442	When you have intermediate CA certificates that your clients might not
		2443	know about, just append them to the C<cert_file>.
1490		2444
1491	=back	2445	=back
1492		2446
1493	=head1 SUBCLASSING AnyEvent::Handle	2447	=head1 SUBCLASSING AnyEvent::Handle
1494		2448
…		…
1513		2467
1514	=item * all members not documented here and not prefixed with an underscore	2468	=item * all members not documented here and not prefixed with an underscore
1515	are free to use in subclasses.	2469	are free to use in subclasses.
1516		2470
1517	Of course, new versions of AnyEvent::Handle may introduce more "public"	2471	Of course, new versions of AnyEvent::Handle may introduce more "public"
1518	member variables, but thats just life, at least it is documented.	2472	member variables, but that's just life. At least it is documented.
1519		2473
1520	=back	2474	=back
1521		2475
1522	=head1 AUTHOR	2476	=head1 AUTHOR
1523		2477
1524	Robin Redeker C<< <elmex at ta-sa.org> >>, Marc Lehmann <schmorp@schmorp.de>.	2478	Robin Redeker C<< <elmex at ta-sa.org> >>, Marc Lehmann <schmorp@schmorp.de>.
1525		2479
1526	=cut	2480	=cut
1527		2481
1528	1; # End of AnyEvent::Handle	2482	1
		2483

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