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Revision 1.252 by root, Fri Oct 18 20:12:16 2019 UTC

1	package AnyEvent::Handle;
2
3	no warnings;
4	use strict qw(subs vars);
5
6	use AnyEvent ();
7	use AnyEvent::Util qw(WSAEWOULDBLOCK);
8	use Scalar::Util ();
9	use Carp ();
10	use Fcntl ();
11	use Errno qw(EAGAIN EINTR);
12
13	=head1 NAME	1	=head1 NAME
14		2
15	AnyEvent::Handle - non-blocking I/O on file handles via AnyEvent	3	AnyEvent::Handle - non-blocking I/O on streaming handles via AnyEvent
16
17	=cut
18
19	our $VERSION = 4.233;
20		4
21	=head1 SYNOPSIS	5	=head1 SYNOPSIS
22		6
23	use AnyEvent;	7	use AnyEvent;
24	use AnyEvent::Handle;	8	use AnyEvent::Handle;
25		9
26	my $cv = AnyEvent->condvar;	10	my $cv = AnyEvent->condvar;
27		11
28	my $handle =	12	my $hdl; $hdl = new AnyEvent::Handle
29	AnyEvent::Handle->new (
30	fh => \*STDIN,	13	fh => \*STDIN,
31	on_eof => sub {	14	on_error => sub {
32	$cv->broadcast;	15	my ($hdl, $fatal, $msg) = @_;
33	},	16	AE::log error => $msg;
		17	$hdl->destroy;
		18	$cv->send;
34	);	19	};
35		20
36	# send some request line	21	# send some request line
37	$handle->push_write ("getinfo\015\012");	22	$hdl->push_write ("getinfo\015\012");
38		23
39	# read the response line	24	# read the response line
40	$handle->push_read (line => sub {	25	$hdl->push_read (line => sub {
41	my ($handle, $line) = @_;	26	my ($hdl, $line) = @_;
42	warn "read line <$line>\n";	27	say "got line <$line>";
43	$cv->send;	28	$cv->send;
44	});	29	});
45		30
46	$cv->recv;	31	$cv->recv;
47		32
48	=head1 DESCRIPTION	33	=head1 DESCRIPTION
49		34
50	This module is a helper module to make it easier to do event-based I/O on	35	This is a helper module to make it easier to do event-based I/O
51	filehandles. For utility functions for doing non-blocking connects and accepts	36	on stream-based filehandles (sockets, pipes, and other stream
52	on sockets see L<AnyEvent::Util>.	37	things). Specifically, it doesn't work as expected on files, packet-based
		38	sockets or similar things.
53		39
54	The L<AnyEvent::Intro> tutorial contains some well-documented	40	The L<AnyEvent::Intro> tutorial contains some well-documented
55	AnyEvent::Handle examples.	41	AnyEvent::Handle examples.
56		42
57	In the following, when the documentation refers to of "bytes" then this	43	In the following, where the documentation refers to "bytes", it means
58	means characters. As sysread and syswrite are used for all I/O, their	44	characters. As sysread and syswrite are used for all I/O, their
59	treatment of characters applies to this module as well.	45	treatment of characters applies to this module as well.
		46
		47	At the very minimum, you should specify C<fh> or C<connect>, and the
		48	C<on_error> callback.
60		49
61	All callbacks will be invoked with the handle object as their first	50	All callbacks will be invoked with the handle object as their first
62	argument.	51	argument.
63		52
		53	=cut
		54
		55	package AnyEvent::Handle;
		56
		57	use Scalar::Util ();
		58	use List::Util ();
		59	use Carp ();
		60	use Errno qw(EAGAIN EWOULDBLOCK EINTR);
		61
		62	use AnyEvent (); BEGIN { AnyEvent::common_sense }
		63	use AnyEvent::Util qw(WSAEWOULDBLOCK);
		64
		65	our $VERSION = $AnyEvent::VERSION;
		66
		67	sub _load_func($) {
		68	my $func = $_[0];
		69
		70	unless (defined &$func) {
		71	my $pkg = $func;
		72	do {
		73	$pkg =~ s/::[^:]+$//
		74	or return;
		75	eval "require $pkg";
		76	} until defined &$func;
		77	}
		78
		79	\&$func
		80	}
		81
		82	sub MAX_READ_SIZE() { 131072 }
		83
64	=head1 METHODS	84	=head1 METHODS
65		85
66	=over 4	86	=over 4
67		87
68	=item B<new (%args)>	88	=item $handle = B<new> AnyEvent::Handle fh => $filehandle, key => value...
69		89
70	The constructor supports these arguments (all as key => value pairs).	90	The constructor supports these arguments (all as C<< key => value >> pairs).
71		91
72	=over 4	92	=over 4
73		93
74	=item fh => $filehandle [MANDATORY]	94	=item fh => $filehandle [C<fh> or C<connect> MANDATORY]
75		95
76	The filehandle this L<AnyEvent::Handle> object will operate on.	96	The filehandle this L<AnyEvent::Handle> object will operate on.
77
78	NOTE: The filehandle will be set to non-blocking mode (using	97	NOTE: The filehandle will be set to non-blocking mode (using
79	C<AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking>) by the constructor and needs to stay in	98	C<AnyEvent::fh_unblock>) by the constructor and needs to stay in
80	that mode.	99	that mode.
81		100
		101	=item connect => [$host, $service] [C<fh> or C<connect> MANDATORY]
		102
		103	Try to connect to the specified host and service (port), using
		104	C<AnyEvent::Socket::tcp_connect>. The C<$host> additionally becomes the
		105	default C<peername>.
		106
		107	You have to specify either this parameter, or C<fh>, above.
		108
		109	It is possible to push requests on the read and write queues, and modify
		110	properties of the stream, even while AnyEvent::Handle is connecting.
		111
		112	When this parameter is specified, then the C<on_prepare>,
		113	C<on_connect_error> and C<on_connect> callbacks will be called under the
		114	appropriate circumstances:
		115
		116	=over 4
		117
82	=item on_eof => $cb->($handle)	118	=item on_prepare => $cb->($handle)
83		119
84	Set the callback to be called when an end-of-file condition is detected,	120	This (rarely used) callback is called before a new connection is
85	i.e. in the case of a socket, when the other side has closed the	121	attempted, but after the file handle has been created (you can access that
86	connection cleanly.	122	file handle via C<< $handle->{fh} >>). It could be used to prepare the
		123	file handle with parameters required for the actual connect (as opposed to
		124	settings that can be changed when the connection is already established).
87		125
88	For sockets, this just means that the other side has stopped sending data,	126	The return value of this callback should be the connect timeout value in
89	you can still try to write data, and, in fact, one can return from the eof	127	seconds (or C<0>, or C<undef>, or the empty list, to indicate that the
90	callback and continue writing data, as only the read part has been shut	128	default timeout is to be used).
91	down.
92		129
93	While not mandatory, it is I<highly> recommended to set an eof callback,	130	=item on_connect => $cb->($handle, $host, $port, $retry->())
94	otherwise you might end up with a closed socket while you are still
95	waiting for data.
96		131
97	If an EOF condition has been detected but no C<on_eof> callback has been	132	This callback is called when a connection has been successfully established.
98	set, then a fatal error will be raised with C<$!> set to <0>.
99		133
		134	The peer's numeric host and port (the socket peername) are passed as
		135	parameters, together with a retry callback. At the time it is called the
		136	read and write queues, EOF status, TLS status and similar properties of
		137	the handle will have been reset.
		138
		139	If, for some reason, the handle is not acceptable, calling C<$retry> will
		140	continue with the next connection target (in case of multi-homed hosts or
		141	SRV records there can be multiple connection endpoints). The C<$retry>
		142	callback can be invoked after the connect callback returns, i.e. one can
		143	start a handshake and then decide to retry with the next host if the
		144	handshake fails.
		145
		146	In most cases, you should ignore the C<$retry> parameter.
		147
		148	=item on_connect_error => $cb->($handle, $message)
		149
		150	This callback is called when the connection could not be
		151	established. C<$!> will contain the relevant error code, and C<$message> a
		152	message describing it (usually the same as C<"$!">).
		153
		154	If this callback isn't specified, then C<on_error> will be called with a
		155	fatal error instead.
		156
		157	=back
		158
100	=item on_error => $cb->($handle, $fatal)	159	=item on_error => $cb->($handle, $fatal, $message)
101		160
102	This is the error callback, which is called when, well, some error	161	This is the error callback, which is called when, well, some error
103	occured, such as not being able to resolve the hostname, failure to	162	occured, such as not being able to resolve the hostname, failure to
104	connect or a read error.	163	connect, or a read error.
105		164
106	Some errors are fatal (which is indicated by C<$fatal> being true). On	165	Some errors are fatal (which is indicated by C<$fatal> being true). On
107	fatal errors the handle object will be shut down and will not be usable	166	fatal errors the handle object will be destroyed (by a call to C<< ->
108	(but you are free to look at the current C<< ->rbuf >>). Examples of fatal	167	destroy >>) after invoking the error callback (which means you are free to
109	errors are an EOF condition with active (but unsatisifable) read watchers	168	examine the handle object). Examples of fatal errors are an EOF condition
110	(C<EPIPE>) or I/O errors.	169	with active (but unsatisfiable) read watchers (C<EPIPE>) or I/O errors. In
		170	cases where the other side can close the connection at will, it is
		171	often easiest to not report C<EPIPE> errors in this callback.
111		172
		173	AnyEvent::Handle tries to find an appropriate error code for you to check
		174	against, but in some cases (TLS errors), this does not work well.
		175
		176	If you report the error to the user, it is recommended to always output
		177	the C<$message> argument in human-readable error messages (you don't need
		178	to report C<"$!"> if you report C<$message>).
		179
		180	If you want to react programmatically to the error, then looking at C<$!>
		181	and comparing it against some of the documented C<Errno> values is usually
		182	better than looking at the C<$message>.
		183
112	Non-fatal errors can be retried by simply returning, but it is recommended	184	Non-fatal errors can be retried by returning, but it is recommended
113	to simply ignore this parameter and instead abondon the handle object	185	to simply ignore this parameter and instead abondon the handle object
114	when this callback is invoked. Examples of non-fatal errors are timeouts	186	when this callback is invoked. Examples of non-fatal errors are timeouts
115	C<ETIMEDOUT>) or badly-formatted data (C<EBADMSG>).	187	C<ETIMEDOUT>) or badly-formatted data (C<EBADMSG>).
116		188
117	On callback entrance, the value of C<$!> contains the operating system	189	On entry to the callback, the value of C<$!> contains the operating
118	error (or C<ENOSPC>, C<EPIPE>, C<ETIMEDOUT> or C<EBADMSG>).	190	system error code (or C<ENOSPC>, C<EPIPE>, C<ETIMEDOUT>, C<EBADMSG> or
		191	C<EPROTO>).
119		192
120	While not mandatory, it is I<highly> recommended to set this callback, as	193	While not mandatory, it is I<highly> recommended to set this callback, as
121	you will not be notified of errors otherwise. The default simply calls	194	you will not be notified of errors otherwise. The default just calls
122	C<croak>.	195	C<croak>.
123		196
124	=item on_read => $cb->($handle)	197	=item on_read => $cb->($handle)
125		198
126	This sets the default read callback, which is called when data arrives	199	This sets the default read callback, which is called when data arrives
127	and no read request is in the queue (unlike read queue callbacks, this	200	and no read request is in the queue (unlike read queue callbacks, this
128	callback will only be called when at least one octet of data is in the	201	callback will only be called when at least one octet of data is in the
129	read buffer).	202	read buffer).
130		203
131	To access (and remove data from) the read buffer, use the C<< ->rbuf >>	204	To access (and remove data from) the read buffer, use the C<< ->rbuf >>
132	method or access the C<$handle->{rbuf}> member directly.	205	method or access the C<< $handle->{rbuf} >> member directly. Note that you
		206	must not enlarge or modify the read buffer, you can only remove data at
		207	the beginning from it.
133		208
		209	You can also call C<< ->push_read (...) >> or any other function that
		210	modifies the read queue. Or do both. Or ...
		211
134	When an EOF condition is detected then AnyEvent::Handle will first try to	212	When an EOF condition is detected, AnyEvent::Handle will first try to
135	feed all the remaining data to the queued callbacks and C<on_read> before	213	feed all the remaining data to the queued callbacks and C<on_read> before
136	calling the C<on_eof> callback. If no progress can be made, then a fatal	214	calling the C<on_eof> callback. If no progress can be made, then a fatal
137	error will be raised (with C<$!> set to C<EPIPE>).	215	error will be raised (with C<$!> set to C<EPIPE>).
138		216
		217	Note that, unlike requests in the read queue, an C<on_read> callback
		218	doesn't mean you I<require> some data: if there is an EOF and there
		219	are outstanding read requests then an error will be flagged. With an
		220	C<on_read> callback, the C<on_eof> callback will be invoked.
		221
		222	=item on_eof => $cb->($handle)
		223
		224	Set the callback to be called when an end-of-file condition is detected,
		225	i.e. in the case of a socket, when the other side has closed the
		226	connection cleanly, and there are no outstanding read requests in the
		227	queue (if there are read requests, then an EOF counts as an unexpected
		228	connection close and will be flagged as an error).
		229
		230	For sockets, this just means that the other side has stopped sending data,
		231	you can still try to write data, and, in fact, one can return from the EOF
		232	callback and continue writing data, as only the read part has been shut
		233	down.
		234
		235	If an EOF condition has been detected but no C<on_eof> callback has been
		236	set, then a fatal error will be raised with C<$!> set to <0>.
		237
139	=item on_drain => $cb->($handle)	238	=item on_drain => $cb->($handle)
140		239
141	This sets the callback that is called when the write buffer becomes empty	240	This sets the callback that is called once when the write buffer becomes
142	(or when the callback is set and the buffer is empty already).	241	empty (and immediately when the handle object is created).
143		242
144	To append to the write buffer, use the C<< ->push_write >> method.	243	To append to the write buffer, use the C<< ->push_write >> method.
145		244
146	This callback is useful when you don't want to put all of your write data	245	This callback is useful when you don't want to put all of your write data
147	into the queue at once, for example, when you want to write the contents	246	into the queue at once, for example, when you want to write the contents
…		…
149	memory and push it into the queue, but instead only read more data from	248	memory and push it into the queue, but instead only read more data from
150	the file when the write queue becomes empty.	249	the file when the write queue becomes empty.
151		250
152	=item timeout => $fractional_seconds	251	=item timeout => $fractional_seconds
153		252
		253	=item rtimeout => $fractional_seconds
		254
		255	=item wtimeout => $fractional_seconds
		256
154	If non-zero, then this enables an "inactivity" timeout: whenever this many	257	If non-zero, then these enables an "inactivity" timeout: whenever this
155	seconds pass without a successful read or write on the underlying file	258	many seconds pass without a successful read or write on the underlying
156	handle, the C<on_timeout> callback will be invoked (and if that one is	259	file handle (or a call to C<timeout_reset>), the C<on_timeout> callback
157	missing, a non-fatal C<ETIMEDOUT> error will be raised).	260	will be invoked (and if that one is missing, a non-fatal C<ETIMEDOUT>
		261	error will be raised).
158		262
		263	There are three variants of the timeouts that work independently of each
		264	other, for both read and write (triggered when nothing was read I<OR>
		265	written), just read (triggered when nothing was read), and just write:
		266	C<timeout>, C<rtimeout> and C<wtimeout>, with corresponding callbacks
		267	C<on_timeout>, C<on_rtimeout> and C<on_wtimeout>, and reset functions
		268	C<timeout_reset>, C<rtimeout_reset>, and C<wtimeout_reset>.
		269
159	Note that timeout processing is also active when you currently do not have	270	Note that timeout processing is active even when you do not have any
160	any outstanding read or write requests: If you plan to keep the connection	271	outstanding read or write requests: If you plan to keep the connection
161	idle then you should disable the timout temporarily or ignore the timeout	272	idle then you should disable the timeout temporarily or ignore the
162	in the C<on_timeout> callback, in which case AnyEvent::Handle will simply	273	timeout in the corresponding C<on_timeout> callback, in which case
163	restart the timeout.	274	AnyEvent::Handle will simply restart the timeout.
164		275
165	Zero (the default) disables this timeout.	276	Zero (the default) disables the corresponding timeout.
166		277
167	=item on_timeout => $cb->($handle)	278	=item on_timeout => $cb->($handle)
		279
		280	=item on_rtimeout => $cb->($handle)
		281
		282	=item on_wtimeout => $cb->($handle)
168		283
169	Called whenever the inactivity timeout passes. If you return from this	284	Called whenever the inactivity timeout passes. If you return from this
170	callback, then the timeout will be reset as if some activity had happened,	285	callback, then the timeout will be reset as if some activity had happened,
171	so this condition is not fatal in any way.	286	so this condition is not fatal in any way.
172		287
…		…
180	be configured to accept only so-and-so much data that it cannot act on	295	be configured to accept only so-and-so much data that it cannot act on
181	(for example, when expecting a line, an attacker could send an unlimited	296	(for example, when expecting a line, an attacker could send an unlimited
182	amount of data without a callback ever being called as long as the line	297	amount of data without a callback ever being called as long as the line
183	isn't finished).	298	isn't finished).
184		299
		300	=item wbuf_max => <bytes>
		301
		302	If defined, then a fatal error will be raised (with C<$!> set to C<ENOSPC>)
		303	when the write buffer ever (strictly) exceeds this size. This is useful to
		304	avoid some forms of denial-of-service attacks.
		305
		306	Although the units of this parameter is bytes, this is the I<raw> number
		307	of bytes not yet accepted by the kernel. This can make a difference when
		308	you e.g. use TLS, as TLS typically makes your write data larger (but it
		309	can also make it smaller due to compression).
		310
		311	As an example of when this limit is useful, take a chat server that sends
		312	chat messages to a client. If the client does not read those in a timely
		313	manner then the send buffer in the server would grow unbounded.
		314
185	=item autocork => <boolean>	315	=item autocork => <boolean>
186		316
187	When disabled (the default), then C<push_write> will try to immediately	317	When disabled (the default), C<push_write> will try to immediately
188	write the data to the handle, if possible. This avoids having to register	318	write the data to the handle if possible. This avoids having to register
189	a write watcher and wait for the next event loop iteration, but can	319	a write watcher and wait for the next event loop iteration, but can
190	be inefficient if you write multiple small chunks (on the wire, this	320	be inefficient if you write multiple small chunks (on the wire, this
191	disadvantage is usually avoided by your kernel's nagle algorithm, see	321	disadvantage is usually avoided by your kernel's nagle algorithm, see
192	C<no_delay>, but this option can save costly syscalls).	322	C<no_delay>, but this option can save costly syscalls).
193		323
194	When enabled, then writes will always be queued till the next event loop	324	When enabled, writes will always be queued till the next event loop
195	iteration. This is efficient when you do many small writes per iteration,	325	iteration. This is efficient when you do many small writes per iteration,
196	but less efficient when you do a single write only per iteration (or when	326	but less efficient when you do a single write only per iteration (or when
197	the write buffer often is full). It also increases write latency.	327	the write buffer often is full). It also increases write latency.
198		328
199	=item no_delay => <boolean>	329	=item no_delay => <boolean>
…		…
203	the Nagle algorithm, and usually it is beneficial.	333	the Nagle algorithm, and usually it is beneficial.
204		334
205	In some situations you want as low a delay as possible, which can be	335	In some situations you want as low a delay as possible, which can be
206	accomplishd by setting this option to a true value.	336	accomplishd by setting this option to a true value.
207		337
208	The default is your opertaing system's default behaviour (most likely	338	The default is your operating system's default behaviour (most likely
209	enabled), this option explicitly enables or disables it, if possible.	339	enabled). This option explicitly enables or disables it, if possible.
		340
		341	=item keepalive => <boolean>
		342
		343	Enables (default disable) the SO_KEEPALIVE option on the stream socket:
		344	normally, TCP connections have no time-out once established, so TCP
		345	connections, once established, can stay alive forever even when the other
		346	side has long gone. TCP keepalives are a cheap way to take down long-lived
		347	TCP connections when the other side becomes unreachable. While the default
		348	is OS-dependent, TCP keepalives usually kick in after around two hours,
		349	and, if the other side doesn't reply, take down the TCP connection some 10
		350	to 15 minutes later.
		351
		352	It is harmless to specify this option for file handles that do not support
		353	keepalives, and enabling it on connections that are potentially long-lived
		354	is usually a good idea.
		355
		356	=item oobinline => <boolean>
		357
		358	BSD majorly fucked up the implementation of TCP urgent data. The result
		359	is that almost no OS implements TCP according to the specs, and every OS
		360	implements it slightly differently.
		361
		362	If you want to handle TCP urgent data, then setting this flag (the default
		363	is enabled) gives you the most portable way of getting urgent data, by
		364	putting it into the stream.
		365
		366	Since BSD emulation of OOB data on top of TCP's urgent data can have
		367	security implications, AnyEvent::Handle sets this flag automatically
		368	unless explicitly specified. Note that setting this flag after
		369	establishing a connection I<may> be a bit too late (data loss could
		370	already have occured on BSD systems), but at least it will protect you
		371	from most attacks.
210		372
211	=item read_size => <bytes>	373	=item read_size => <bytes>
212		374
213	The default read block size (the amount of bytes this module will	375	The initial read block size, the number of bytes this module will try
214	try to read during each loop iteration, which affects memory	376	to read during each loop iteration. Each handle object will consume
215	requirements). Default: C<8192>.	377	at least this amount of memory for the read buffer as well, so when
		378	handling many connections watch out for memory requirements). See also
		379	C<max_read_size>. Default: C<2048>.
		380
		381	=item max_read_size => <bytes>
		382
		383	The maximum read buffer size used by the dynamic adjustment
		384	algorithm: Each time AnyEvent::Handle can read C<read_size> bytes in
		385	one go it will double C<read_size> up to the maximum given by this
		386	option. Default: C<131072> or C<read_size>, whichever is higher.
216		387
217	=item low_water_mark => <bytes>	388	=item low_water_mark => <bytes>
218		389
219	Sets the amount of bytes (default: C<0>) that make up an "empty" write	390	Sets the number of bytes (default: C<0>) that make up an "empty" write
220	buffer: If the write reaches this size or gets even samller it is	391	buffer: If the buffer reaches this size or gets even samller it is
221	considered empty.	392	considered empty.
222		393
223	Sometimes it can be beneficial (for performance reasons) to add data to	394	Sometimes it can be beneficial (for performance reasons) to add data to
224	the write buffer before it is fully drained, but this is a rare case, as	395	the write buffer before it is fully drained, but this is a rare case, as
225	the operating system kernel usually buffers data as well, so the default	396	the operating system kernel usually buffers data as well, so the default
226	is good in almost all cases.	397	is good in almost all cases.
227		398
228	=item linger => <seconds>	399	=item linger => <seconds>
229		400
230	If non-zero (default: C<3600>), then the destructor of the	401	If this is non-zero (default: C<3600>), the destructor of the
231	AnyEvent::Handle object will check whether there is still outstanding	402	AnyEvent::Handle object will check whether there is still outstanding
232	write data and will install a watcher that will write this data to the	403	write data and will install a watcher that will write this data to the
233	socket. No errors will be reported (this mostly matches how the operating	404	socket. No errors will be reported (this mostly matches how the operating
234	system treats outstanding data at socket close time).	405	system treats outstanding data at socket close time).
235		406
236	This will not work for partial TLS data that could not be encoded	407	This will not work for partial TLS data that could not be encoded
237	yet. This data will be lost.	408	yet. This data will be lost. Calling the C<stoptls> method in time might
		409	help.
		410
		411	=item peername => $string
		412
		413	A string used to identify the remote site - usually the DNS hostname
		414	(I<not> IDN!) used to create the connection, rarely the IP address.
		415
		416	Apart from being useful in error messages, this string is also used in TLS
		417	peername verification (see C<verify_peername> in L<AnyEvent::TLS>). This
		418	verification will be skipped when C<peername> is not specified or is
		419	C<undef>.
238		420
239	=item tls => "accept" | "connect" | Net::SSLeay::SSL object	421	=item tls => "accept" | "connect" | Net::SSLeay::SSL object
240		422
241	When this parameter is given, it enables TLS (SSL) mode, that means	423	When this parameter is given, it enables TLS (SSL) mode, that means
242	AnyEvent will start a TLS handshake as soon as the conenction has been	424	AnyEvent will start a TLS handshake as soon as the connection has been
243	established and will transparently encrypt/decrypt data afterwards.	425	established and will transparently encrypt/decrypt data afterwards.
		426
		427	All TLS protocol errors will be signalled as C<EPROTO>, with an
		428	appropriate error message.
244		429
245	TLS mode requires Net::SSLeay to be installed (it will be loaded	430	TLS mode requires Net::SSLeay to be installed (it will be loaded
246	automatically when you try to create a TLS handle): this module doesn't	431	automatically when you try to create a TLS handle): this module doesn't
247	have a dependency on that module, so if your module requires it, you have	432	have a dependency on that module, so if your module requires it, you have
248	to add the dependency yourself.	433	to add the dependency yourself. If Net::SSLeay cannot be loaded or is too
		434	old, you get an C<EPROTO> error.
249		435
250	Unlike TCP, TLS has a server and client side: for the TLS server side, use	436	Unlike TCP, TLS has a server and client side: for the TLS server side, use
251	C<accept>, and for the TLS client side of a connection, use C<connect>	437	C<accept>, and for the TLS client side of a connection, use C<connect>
252	mode.	438	mode.
253		439
254	You can also provide your own TLS connection object, but you have	440	You can also provide your own TLS connection object, but you have
255	to make sure that you call either C<Net::SSLeay::set_connect_state>	441	to make sure that you call either C<Net::SSLeay::set_connect_state>
256	or C<Net::SSLeay::set_accept_state> on it before you pass it to	442	or C<Net::SSLeay::set_accept_state> on it before you pass it to
257	AnyEvent::Handle.	443	AnyEvent::Handle. Also, this module will take ownership of this connection
		444	object.
258		445
		446	At some future point, AnyEvent::Handle might switch to another TLS
		447	implementation, then the option to use your own session object will go
		448	away.
		449
		450	B<IMPORTANT:> since Net::SSLeay "objects" are really only integers,
		451	passing in the wrong integer will lead to certain crash. This most often
		452	happens when one uses a stylish C<< tls => 1 >> and is surprised about the
		453	segmentation fault.
		454
259	See the C<< ->starttls >> method for when need to start TLS negotiation later.	455	Use the C<< ->starttls >> method if you need to start TLS negotiation later.
260		456
261	=item tls_ctx => $ssl_ctx	457	=item tls_ctx => $anyevent_tls
262		458
263	Use the given C<Net::SSLeay::CTX> object to create the new TLS connection	459	Use the given C<AnyEvent::TLS> object to create the new TLS connection
264	(unless a connection object was specified directly). If this parameter is	460	(unless a connection object was specified directly). If this
265	missing, then AnyEvent::Handle will use C<AnyEvent::Handle::TLS_CTX>.	461	parameter is missing (or C<undef>), then AnyEvent::Handle will use
		462	C<AnyEvent::Handle::TLS_CTX>.
266		463
		464	Instead of an object, you can also specify a hash reference with C<< key
		465	=> value >> pairs. Those will be passed to L<AnyEvent::TLS> to create a
		466	new TLS context object.
		467
		468	=item on_starttls => $cb->($handle, $success[, $error_message])
		469
		470	This callback will be invoked when the TLS/SSL handshake has finished. If
		471	C<$success> is true, then the TLS handshake succeeded, otherwise it failed
		472	(C<on_stoptls> will not be called in this case).
		473
		474	The session in C<< $handle->{tls} >> can still be examined in this
		475	callback, even when the handshake was not successful.
		476
		477	TLS handshake failures will not cause C<on_error> to be invoked when this
		478	callback is in effect, instead, the error message will be passed to C<on_starttls>.
		479
		480	Without this callback, handshake failures lead to C<on_error> being
		481	called as usual.
		482
		483	Note that you cannot just call C<starttls> again in this callback. If you
		484	need to do that, start an zero-second timer instead whose callback can
		485	then call C<< ->starttls >> again.
		486
		487	=item on_stoptls => $cb->($handle)
		488
		489	When a SSLv3/TLS shutdown/close notify/EOF is detected and this callback is
		490	set, then it will be invoked after freeing the TLS session. If it is not,
		491	then a TLS shutdown condition will be treated like a normal EOF condition
		492	on the handle.
		493
		494	The session in C<< $handle->{tls} >> can still be examined in this
		495	callback.
		496
		497	This callback will only be called on TLS shutdowns, not when the
		498	underlying handle signals EOF.
		499
267	=item json => JSON or JSON::XS object	500	=item json => L<JSON>, L<JSON::PP> or L<JSON::XS> object
268		501
269	This is the json coder object used by the C<json> read and write types.	502	This is the json coder object used by the C<json> read and write types.
270		503
271	If you don't supply it, then AnyEvent::Handle will create and use a	504	If you don't supply it, then AnyEvent::Handle will create and use a
272	suitable one (on demand), which will write and expect UTF-8 encoded JSON	505	suitable one (on demand), which will write and expect UTF-8 encoded
		506	JSON texts (either using L<JSON::XS> or L<JSON>). The written texts are
		507	guaranteed not to contain any newline character.
		508
		509	For security reasons, this encoder will likely I<not> handle numbers and
		510	strings, only arrays and objects/hashes. The reason is that originally
		511	JSON was self-delimited, but Dougles Crockford thought it was a splendid
		512	idea to redefine JSON incompatibly, so this is no longer true.
		513
		514	For protocols that used back-to-back JSON texts, this might lead to
		515	run-ins, where two or more JSON texts will be interpreted as one JSON
273	texts.	516	text.
274		517
		518	For this reason, if the default encoder uses L<JSON::XS>, it will default
		519	to not allowing anything but arrays and objects/hashes, at least for the
		520	forseeable future (it will change at some point). This might or might not
		521	be true for the L<JSON> module, so this might cause a security issue.
		522
		523	If you depend on either behaviour, you should create your own json object
		524	and pass it in explicitly.
		525
		526	=item cbor => L<CBOR::XS> object
		527
		528	This is the cbor coder object used by the C<cbor> read and write types.
		529
		530	If you don't supply it, then AnyEvent::Handle will create and use a
		531	suitable one (on demand), which will write CBOR without using extensions,
		532	if possible.
		533
275	Note that you are responsible to depend on the JSON module if you want to	534	Note that you are responsible to depend on the L<CBOR::XS> module if you
276	use this functionality, as AnyEvent does not have a dependency itself.	535	want to use this functionality, as AnyEvent does not have a dependency on
277		536	it itself.
278	=item filter_r => $cb
279
280	=item filter_w => $cb
281
282	These exist, but are undocumented at this time. (They are used internally
283	by the TLS code).
284		537
285	=back	538	=back
286		539
287	=cut	540	=cut
288		541
289	sub new {	542	sub new {
290	my $class = shift;	543	my $class = shift;
291
292	my $self = bless { @_ }, $class;	544	my $self = bless { @_ }, $class;
293		545
294	$self->{fh} or Carp::croak "mandatory argument fh is missing";
295
296	AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking $self->{fh}, 1;
297
298	if ($self->{tls}) {	546	if ($self->{fh}) {
299	require Net::SSLeay;	547	$self->_start;
		548	return unless $self->{fh}; # could be gone by now
		549
		550	} elsif ($self->{connect}) {
		551	require AnyEvent::Socket;
		552
		553	$self->{peername} = $self->{connect}[0]
		554	unless exists $self->{peername};
		555
		556	$self->{_skip_drain_rbuf} = 1;
		557
		558	{
		559	Scalar::Util::weaken (my $self = $self);
		560
		561	$self->{_connect} =
		562	AnyEvent::Socket::tcp_connect (
		563	$self->{connect}[0],
		564	$self->{connect}[1],
		565	sub {
		566	my ($fh, $host, $port, $retry) = @_;
		567
		568	delete $self->{_connect}; # no longer needed
		569
		570	if ($fh) {
		571	$self->{fh} = $fh;
		572
		573	delete $self->{_skip_drain_rbuf};
		574	$self->_start;
		575
		576	$self->{on_connect}
		577	and $self->{on_connect}($self, $host, $port, sub {
		578	delete @$self{qw(fh _tw _rtw _wtw _ww _rw _eof _queue rbuf _wbuf tls _tls_rbuf _tls_wbuf)};
		579	$self->{_skip_drain_rbuf} = 1;
		580	&$retry;
		581	});
		582
		583	} else {
		584	if ($self->{on_connect_error}) {
		585	$self->{on_connect_error}($self, "$!");
		586	$self->destroy if $self;
		587	} else {
		588	$self->_error ($!, 1);
		589	}
		590	}
		591	},
		592	sub {
		593	local $self->{fh} = $_[0];
		594
		595	$self->{on_prepare}
		596	? $self->{on_prepare}->($self)
		597	: ()
		598	}
		599	);
		600	}
		601
		602	} else {
		603	Carp::croak "AnyEvent::Handle: either an existing fh or the connect parameter must be specified";
		604	}
		605
		606	$self
		607	}
		608
		609	sub _start {
		610	my ($self) = @_;
		611
		612	# too many clueless people try to use udp and similar sockets
		613	# with AnyEvent::Handle, do them a favour.
		614	my $type = getsockopt $self->{fh}, Socket::SOL_SOCKET (), Socket::SO_TYPE ();
		615	Carp::croak "AnyEvent::Handle: only stream sockets supported, anything else will NOT work!"
		616	if Socket::SOCK_STREAM () != (unpack "I", $type) && defined $type;
		617
		618	AnyEvent::fh_unblock $self->{fh};
		619
		620	$self->{_activity} =
		621	$self->{_ractivity} =
		622	$self->{_wactivity} = AE::now;
		623
		624	$self->{read_size} ||= 2048;
		625	$self->{max_read_size} = $self->{read_size}
		626	if $self->{read_size} > ($self->{max_read_size} || MAX_READ_SIZE);
		627
		628	$self->timeout (delete $self->{timeout} ) if $self->{timeout};
		629	$self->rtimeout (delete $self->{rtimeout} ) if $self->{rtimeout};
		630	$self->wtimeout (delete $self->{wtimeout} ) if $self->{wtimeout};
		631
		632	$self->no_delay (delete $self->{no_delay} ) if exists $self->{no_delay} && $self->{no_delay};
		633	$self->keepalive (delete $self->{keepalive}) if exists $self->{keepalive} && $self->{keepalive};
		634
		635	$self->oobinline (exists $self->{oobinline} ? delete $self->{oobinline} : 1);
		636
300	$self->starttls (delete $self->{tls}, delete $self->{tls_ctx});	637	$self->starttls (delete $self->{tls}, delete $self->{tls_ctx})
301	}	638	if $self->{tls};
302		639
303	$self->{_activity} = AnyEvent->now;
304	$self->_timeout;
305
306	$self->on_drain (delete $self->{on_drain}) if exists $self->{on_drain};	640	$self->on_drain (delete $self->{on_drain} ) if $self->{on_drain};
307	$self->no_delay (delete $self->{no_delay}) if exists $self->{no_delay};
308		641
309	$self->start_read	642	$self->start_read
310	if $self->{on_read};	643	if $self->{on_read} || @{ $self->{_queue} };
311		644
312	$self	645	$self->_drain_wbuf;
313	}
314
315	sub _shutdown {
316	my ($self) = @_;
317
318	delete $self->{_tw};
319	delete $self->{_rw};
320	delete $self->{_ww};
321	delete $self->{fh};
322
323	$self->stoptls;
324
325	delete $self->{on_read};
326	delete $self->{_queue};
327	}	646	}
328		647
329	sub _error {	648	sub _error {
330	my ($self, $errno, $fatal) = @_;	649	my ($self, $errno, $fatal, $message) = @_;
331
332	$self->_shutdown
333	if $fatal;
334		650
335	$! = $errno;	651	$! = $errno;
		652	$message ||= "$!";
336		653
337	if ($self->{on_error}) {	654	if ($self->{on_error}) {
338	$self->{on_error}($self, $fatal);	655	$self->{on_error}($self, $fatal, $message);
339	} else {	656	$self->destroy if $fatal;
		657	} elsif ($self->{fh} || $self->{connect}) {
		658	$self->destroy;
340	Carp::croak "AnyEvent::Handle uncaught error: $!";	659	Carp::croak "AnyEvent::Handle uncaught error: $message";
341	}	660	}
342	}	661	}
343		662
344	=item $fh = $handle->fh	663	=item $fh = $handle->fh
345		664
…		…
369	$_[0]{on_eof} = $_[1];	688	$_[0]{on_eof} = $_[1];
370	}	689	}
371		690
372	=item $handle->on_timeout ($cb)	691	=item $handle->on_timeout ($cb)
373		692
374	Replace the current C<on_timeout> callback, or disables the callback (but	693	=item $handle->on_rtimeout ($cb)
375	not the timeout) if C<$cb> = C<undef>. See the C<timeout> constructor
376	argument and method.
377		694
378	=cut	695	=item $handle->on_wtimeout ($cb)
379		696
380	sub on_timeout {	697	Replace the current C<on_timeout>, C<on_rtimeout> or C<on_wtimeout>
381	$_[0]{on_timeout} = $_[1];	698	callback, or disables the callback (but not the timeout) if C<$cb> =
382	}	699	C<undef>. See the C<timeout> constructor argument and method.
		700
		701	=cut
		702
		703	# see below
383		704
384	=item $handle->autocork ($boolean)	705	=item $handle->autocork ($boolean)
385		706
386	Enables or disables the current autocork behaviour (see C<autocork>	707	Enables or disables the current autocork behaviour (see C<autocork>
387	constructor argument).	708	constructor argument). Changes will only take effect on the next write.
388		709
389	=cut	710	=cut
		711
		712	sub autocork {
		713	$_[0]{autocork} = $_[1];
		714	}
390		715
391	=item $handle->no_delay ($boolean)	716	=item $handle->no_delay ($boolean)
392		717
393	Enables or disables the C<no_delay> setting (see constructor argument of	718	Enables or disables the C<no_delay> setting (see constructor argument of
394	the same name for details).	719	the same name for details).
…		…
396	=cut	721	=cut
397		722
398	sub no_delay {	723	sub no_delay {
399	$_[0]{no_delay} = $_[1];	724	$_[0]{no_delay} = $_[1];
400		725
		726	setsockopt $_[0]{fh}, Socket::IPPROTO_TCP (), Socket::TCP_NODELAY (), int $_[1]
		727	if $_[0]{fh};
		728	}
		729
		730	=item $handle->keepalive ($boolean)
		731
		732	Enables or disables the C<keepalive> setting (see constructor argument of
		733	the same name for details).
		734
		735	=cut
		736
		737	sub keepalive {
		738	$_[0]{keepalive} = $_[1];
		739
401	eval {	740	eval {
402	local $SIG{__DIE__};	741	local $SIG{__DIE__};
403	setsockopt $_[0]{fh}, &Socket::IPPROTO_TCP, &Socket::TCP_NODELAY, int $_[1];	742	setsockopt $_[0]{fh}, Socket::SOL_SOCKET (), Socket::SO_KEEPALIVE (), int $_[1]
		743	if $_[0]{fh};
404	};	744	};
405	}	745	}
406		746
		747	=item $handle->oobinline ($boolean)
		748
		749	Enables or disables the C<oobinline> setting (see constructor argument of
		750	the same name for details).
		751
		752	=cut
		753
		754	sub oobinline {
		755	$_[0]{oobinline} = $_[1];
		756
		757	eval {
		758	local $SIG{__DIE__};
		759	setsockopt $_[0]{fh}, Socket::SOL_SOCKET (), Socket::SO_OOBINLINE (), int $_[1]
		760	if $_[0]{fh};
		761	};
		762	}
		763
		764	=item $handle->on_starttls ($cb)
		765
		766	Replace the current C<on_starttls> callback (see the C<on_starttls> constructor argument).
		767
		768	=cut
		769
		770	sub on_starttls {
		771	$_[0]{on_starttls} = $_[1];
		772	}
		773
		774	=item $handle->on_stoptls ($cb)
		775
		776	Replace the current C<on_stoptls> callback (see the C<on_stoptls> constructor argument).
		777
		778	=cut
		779
		780	sub on_stoptls {
		781	$_[0]{on_stoptls} = $_[1];
		782	}
		783
		784	=item $handle->rbuf_max ($max_octets)
		785
		786	Configures the C<rbuf_max> setting (C<undef> disables it).
		787
		788	=item $handle->wbuf_max ($max_octets)
		789
		790	Configures the C<wbuf_max> setting (C<undef> disables it).
		791
		792	=cut
		793
		794	sub rbuf_max {
		795	$_[0]{rbuf_max} = $_[1];
		796	}
		797
		798	sub wbuf_max {
		799	$_[0]{wbuf_max} = $_[1];
		800	}
		801
407	#############################################################################	802	#############################################################################
408		803
409	=item $handle->timeout ($seconds)	804	=item $handle->timeout ($seconds)
410		805
		806	=item $handle->rtimeout ($seconds)
		807
		808	=item $handle->wtimeout ($seconds)
		809
411	Configures (or disables) the inactivity timeout.	810	Configures (or disables) the inactivity timeout.
412		811
413	=cut	812	The timeout will be checked instantly, so this method might destroy the
		813	handle before it returns.
414		814
415	sub timeout {	815	=item $handle->timeout_reset
		816
		817	=item $handle->rtimeout_reset
		818
		819	=item $handle->wtimeout_reset
		820
		821	Reset the activity timeout, as if data was received or sent.
		822
		823	These methods are cheap to call.
		824
		825	=cut
		826
		827	for my $dir ("", "r", "w") {
		828	my $timeout = "${dir}timeout";
		829	my $tw = "_${dir}tw";
		830	my $on_timeout = "on_${dir}timeout";
		831	my $activity = "_${dir}activity";
		832	my $cb;
		833
		834	*$on_timeout = sub {
		835	$_[0]{$on_timeout} = $_[1];
		836	};
		837
		838	*$timeout = sub {
416	my ($self, $timeout) = @_;	839	my ($self, $new_value) = @_;
417		840
		841	$new_value >= 0
		842	or Carp::croak "AnyEvent::Handle->$timeout called with negative timeout ($new_value), caught";
		843
418	$self->{timeout} = $timeout;	844	$self->{$timeout} = $new_value;
419	$self->_timeout;	845	delete $self->{$tw}; &$cb;
420	}	846	};
421		847
		848	*{"${dir}timeout_reset"} = sub {
		849	$_[0]{$activity} = AE::now;
		850	};
		851
		852	# main workhorse:
422	# reset the timeout watcher, as neccessary	853	# reset the timeout watcher, as neccessary
423	# also check for time-outs	854	# also check for time-outs
424	sub _timeout {	855	$cb = sub {
425	my ($self) = @_;	856	my ($self) = @_;
426		857
427	if ($self->{timeout}) {	858	if ($self->{$timeout} && $self->{fh}) {
428	my $NOW = AnyEvent->now;	859	my $NOW = AE::now;
429		860
430	# when would the timeout trigger?	861	# when would the timeout trigger?
431	my $after = $self->{_activity} + $self->{timeout} - $NOW;	862	my $after = $self->{$activity} + $self->{$timeout} - $NOW;
432		863
433	# now or in the past already?	864	# now or in the past already?
434	if ($after <= 0) {	865	if ($after <= 0) {
435	$self->{_activity} = $NOW;	866	$self->{$activity} = $NOW;
436		867
437	if ($self->{on_timeout}) {	868	if ($self->{$on_timeout}) {
438	$self->{on_timeout}($self);	869	$self->{$on_timeout}($self);
439	} else {	870	} else {
440	$self->_error (&Errno::ETIMEDOUT);	871	$self->_error (Errno::ETIMEDOUT);
		872	}
		873
		874	# callback could have changed timeout value, optimise
		875	return unless $self->{$timeout};
		876
		877	# calculate new after
		878	$after = $self->{$timeout};
441	}	879	}
442		880
443	# callback could have changed timeout value, optimise	881	Scalar::Util::weaken $self;
444	return unless $self->{timeout};	882	return unless $self; # ->error could have destroyed $self
445		883
446	# calculate new after	884	$self->{$tw} ||= AE::timer $after, 0, sub {
447	$after = $self->{timeout};	885	delete $self->{$tw};
		886	$cb->($self);
		887	};
		888	} else {
		889	delete $self->{$tw};
448	}	890	}
449
450	Scalar::Util::weaken $self;
451	return unless $self; # ->error could have destroyed $self
452
453	$self->{_tw} ||= AnyEvent->timer (after => $after, cb => sub {
454	delete $self->{_tw};
455	$self->_timeout;
456	});
457	} else {
458	delete $self->{_tw};
459	}	891	}
460	}	892	}
461		893
462	#############################################################################	894	#############################################################################
463		895
…		…
470		902
471	The write queue is very simple: you can add data to its end, and	903	The write queue is very simple: you can add data to its end, and
472	AnyEvent::Handle will automatically try to get rid of it for you.	904	AnyEvent::Handle will automatically try to get rid of it for you.
473		905
474	When data could be written and the write buffer is shorter then the low	906	When data could be written and the write buffer is shorter then the low
475	water mark, the C<on_drain> callback will be invoked.	907	water mark, the C<on_drain> callback will be invoked once.
476		908
477	=over 4	909	=over 4
478		910
479	=item $handle->on_drain ($cb)	911	=item $handle->on_drain ($cb)
480		912
481	Sets the C<on_drain> callback or clears it (see the description of	913	Sets the C<on_drain> callback or clears it (see the description of
482	C<on_drain> in the constructor).	914	C<on_drain> in the constructor).
483		915
		916	This method may invoke callbacks (and therefore the handle might be
		917	destroyed after it returns).
		918
484	=cut	919	=cut
485		920
486	sub on_drain {	921	sub on_drain {
487	my ($self, $cb) = @_;	922	my ($self, $cb) = @_;
488		923
489	$self->{on_drain} = $cb;	924	$self->{on_drain} = $cb;
490		925
491	$cb->($self)	926	$cb->($self)
492	if $cb && $self->{low_water_mark} >= length $self->{wbuf};	927	if $cb && $self->{low_water_mark} >= (length $self->{wbuf}) + (length $self->{_tls_wbuf});
493	}	928	}
494		929
495	=item $handle->push_write ($data)	930	=item $handle->push_write ($data)
496		931
497	Queues the given scalar to be written. You can push as much data as you	932	Queues the given scalar to be written. You can push as much data as
498	want (only limited by the available memory), as C<AnyEvent::Handle>	933	you want (only limited by the available memory and C<wbuf_max>), as
499	buffers it independently of the kernel.	934	C<AnyEvent::Handle> buffers it independently of the kernel.
		935
		936	This method may invoke callbacks (and therefore the handle might be
		937	destroyed after it returns).
500		938
501	=cut	939	=cut
502		940
503	sub _drain_wbuf {	941	sub _drain_wbuf {
504	my ($self) = @_;	942	my ($self) = @_;
…		…
508	Scalar::Util::weaken $self;	946	Scalar::Util::weaken $self;
509		947
510	my $cb = sub {	948	my $cb = sub {
511	my $len = syswrite $self->{fh}, $self->{wbuf};	949	my $len = syswrite $self->{fh}, $self->{wbuf};
512		950
513	if ($len >= 0) {	951	if (defined $len) {
514	substr $self->{wbuf}, 0, $len, "";	952	substr $self->{wbuf}, 0, $len, "";
515		953
516	$self->{_activity} = AnyEvent->now;	954	$self->{_activity} = $self->{_wactivity} = AE::now;
517		955
518	$self->{on_drain}($self)	956	$self->{on_drain}($self)
519	if $self->{low_water_mark} >= length $self->{wbuf}	957	if $self->{low_water_mark} >= (length $self->{wbuf}) + (length $self->{_tls_wbuf})
520	&& $self->{on_drain};	958	&& $self->{on_drain};
521		959
522	delete $self->{_ww} unless length $self->{wbuf};	960	delete $self->{_ww} unless length $self->{wbuf};
523	} elsif ($! != EAGAIN && $! != EINTR && $! != WSAEWOULDBLOCK) {	961	} elsif ($! != EAGAIN && $! != EINTR && $! != EWOULDBLOCK && $! != WSAEWOULDBLOCK) {
524	$self->_error ($!, 1);	962	$self->_error ($!, 1);
525	}	963	}
526	};	964	};
527		965
528	# try to write data immediately	966	# try to write data immediately
529	$cb->() unless $self->{autocork};	967	$cb->() unless $self->{autocork};
530		968
531	# if still data left in wbuf, we need to poll	969	# if still data left in wbuf, we need to poll
532	$self->{_ww} = AnyEvent->io (fh => $self->{fh}, poll => "w", cb => $cb)	970	$self->{_ww} = AE::io $self->{fh}, 1, $cb
533	if length $self->{wbuf};	971	if length $self->{wbuf};
		972
		973	if (
		974	defined $self->{wbuf_max}
		975	&& $self->{wbuf_max} < length $self->{wbuf}
		976	) {
		977	$self->_error (Errno::ENOSPC, 1), return;
		978	}
534	};	979	};
535	}	980	}
536		981
537	our %WH;	982	our %WH;
538		983
		984	# deprecated
539	sub register_write_type($$) {	985	sub register_write_type($$) {
540	$WH{$_[0]} = $_[1];	986	$WH{$_[0]} = $_[1];
541	}	987	}
542		988
543	sub push_write {	989	sub push_write {
544	my $self = shift;	990	my $self = shift;
545		991
546	if (@_ > 1) {	992	if (@_ > 1) {
547	my $type = shift;	993	my $type = shift;
548		994
		995	@_ = ($WH{$type} ||= _load_func "$type\::anyevent_write_type"
549	@_ = ($WH{$type} or Carp::croak "unsupported type passed to AnyEvent::Handle::push_write")	996	or Carp::croak "unsupported/unloadable type '$type' passed to AnyEvent::Handle::push_write")
550	->($self, @_);	997	->($self, @_);
551	}	998	}
552		999
		1000	# we downgrade here to avoid hard-to-track-down bugs,
		1001	# and diagnose the problem earlier and better.
		1002
553	if ($self->{filter_w}) {	1003	if ($self->{tls}) {
554	$self->{filter_w}($self, \$_[0]);	1004	utf8::downgrade $self->{_tls_wbuf} .= $_[0];
		1005	&_dotls ($self) if $self->{fh};
555	} else {	1006	} else {
556	$self->{wbuf} .= $_[0];	1007	utf8::downgrade $self->{wbuf} .= $_[0];
557	$self->_drain_wbuf;	1008	$self->_drain_wbuf if $self->{fh};
558	}	1009	}
559	}	1010	}
560		1011
561	=item $handle->push_write (type => @args)	1012	=item $handle->push_write (type => @args)
562		1013
563	Instead of formatting your data yourself, you can also let this module do	1014	Instead of formatting your data yourself, you can also let this module
564	the job by specifying a type and type-specific arguments.	1015	do the job by specifying a type and type-specific arguments. You
		1016	can also specify the (fully qualified) name of a package, in which
		1017	case AnyEvent tries to load the package and then expects to find the
		1018	C<anyevent_write_type> function inside (see "custom write types", below).
565		1019
566	Predefined types are (if you have ideas for additional types, feel free to	1020	Predefined types are (if you have ideas for additional types, feel free to
567	drop by and tell us):	1021	drop by and tell us):
568		1022
569	=over 4	1023	=over 4
…		…
576	=cut	1030	=cut
577		1031
578	register_write_type netstring => sub {	1032	register_write_type netstring => sub {
579	my ($self, $string) = @_;	1033	my ($self, $string) = @_;
580		1034
581	sprintf "%d:%s,", (length $string), $string	1035	(length $string) . ":$string,"
582	};	1036	};
583		1037
584	=item packstring => $format, $data	1038	=item packstring => $format, $data
585		1039
586	An octet string prefixed with an encoded length. The encoding C<$format>	1040	An octet string prefixed with an encoded length. The encoding C<$format>
…		…
600		1054
601	Encodes the given hash or array reference into a JSON object. Unless you	1055	Encodes the given hash or array reference into a JSON object. Unless you
602	provide your own JSON object, this means it will be encoded to JSON text	1056	provide your own JSON object, this means it will be encoded to JSON text
603	in UTF-8.	1057	in UTF-8.
604		1058
		1059	The default encoder might or might not handle every type of JSON value -
		1060	it might be limited to arrays and objects for security reasons. See the
		1061	C<json> constructor attribute for more details.
		1062
605	JSON objects (and arrays) are self-delimiting, so you can write JSON at	1063	JSON objects (and arrays) are self-delimiting, so if you only use arrays
606	one end of a handle and read them at the other end without using any	1064	and hashes, you can write JSON at one end of a handle and read them at the
607	additional framing.	1065	other end without using any additional framing.
608		1066
609	The generated JSON text is guaranteed not to contain any newlines: While	1067	The JSON text generated by the default encoder is guaranteed not to
610	this module doesn't need delimiters after or between JSON texts to be	1068	contain any newlines: While this module doesn't need delimiters after or
611	able to read them, many other languages depend on that.	1069	between JSON texts to be able to read them, many other languages depend on
		1070	them.
612		1071
613	A simple RPC protocol that interoperates easily with others is to send	1072	A simple RPC protocol that interoperates easily with other languages is
614	JSON arrays (or objects, although arrays are usually the better choice as	1073	to send JSON arrays (or objects, although arrays are usually the better
615	they mimic how function argument passing works) and a newline after each	1074	choice as they mimic how function argument passing works) and a newline
616	JSON text:	1075	after each JSON text:
617		1076
618	$handle->push_write (json => ["method", "arg1", "arg2"]); # whatever	1077	$handle->push_write (json => ["method", "arg1", "arg2"]); # whatever
619	$handle->push_write ("\012");	1078	$handle->push_write ("\012");
620		1079
621	An AnyEvent::Handle receiver would simply use the C<json> read type and	1080	An AnyEvent::Handle receiver would simply use the C<json> read type and
…		…
624	$handle->push_read (json => sub { my $array = $_[1]; ... });	1083	$handle->push_read (json => sub { my $array = $_[1]; ... });
625		1084
626	Other languages could read single lines terminated by a newline and pass	1085	Other languages could read single lines terminated by a newline and pass
627	this line into their JSON decoder of choice.	1086	this line into their JSON decoder of choice.
628		1087
		1088	=item cbor => $perl_scalar
		1089
		1090	Encodes the given scalar into a CBOR value. Unless you provide your own
		1091	L<CBOR::XS> object, this means it will be encoded to a CBOR string not
		1092	using any extensions, if possible.
		1093
		1094	CBOR values are self-delimiting, so you can write CBOR at one end of
		1095	a handle and read them at the other end without using any additional
		1096	framing.
		1097
		1098	A simple nd very very fast RPC protocol that interoperates with
		1099	other languages is to send CBOR and receive CBOR values (arrays are
		1100	recommended):
		1101
		1102	$handle->push_write (cbor => ["method", "arg1", "arg2"]); # whatever
		1103
		1104	An AnyEvent::Handle receiver would simply use the C<cbor> read type:
		1105
		1106	$handle->push_read (cbor => sub { my $array = $_[1]; ... });
		1107
629	=cut	1108	=cut
		1109
		1110	sub json_coder() {
		1111	eval { require JSON::XS; JSON::XS->new->utf8 }
		1112	|| do { require JSON::PP; JSON::PP->new->utf8 }
		1113	}
630		1114
631	register_write_type json => sub {	1115	register_write_type json => sub {
632	my ($self, $ref) = @_;	1116	my ($self, $ref) = @_;
633		1117
634	require JSON;	1118	($self->{json} ||= json_coder)
		1119	->encode ($ref)
		1120	};
635		1121
636	$self->{json} ? $self->{json}->encode ($ref)	1122	sub cbor_coder() {
637	: JSON::encode_json ($ref)	1123	require CBOR::XS;
		1124	CBOR::XS->new
		1125	}
		1126
		1127	register_write_type cbor => sub {
		1128	my ($self, $scalar) = @_;
		1129
		1130	($self->{cbor} ||= cbor_coder)
		1131	->encode ($scalar)
638	};	1132	};
639		1133
640	=item storable => $reference	1134	=item storable => $reference
641		1135
642	Freezes the given reference using L<Storable> and writes it to the	1136	Freezes the given reference using L<Storable> and writes it to the
…		…
645	=cut	1139	=cut
646		1140
647	register_write_type storable => sub {	1141	register_write_type storable => sub {
648	my ($self, $ref) = @_;	1142	my ($self, $ref) = @_;
649		1143
650	require Storable;	1144	require Storable unless $Storable::VERSION;
651		1145
652	pack "w/a*", Storable::nfreeze ($ref)	1146	pack "w/a*", Storable::nfreeze ($ref)
653	};	1147	};
654		1148
655	=back	1149	=back
656		1150
657	=item AnyEvent::Handle::register_write_type type => $coderef->($handle, @args)	1151	=item $handle->push_shutdown
658		1152
659	This function (not method) lets you add your own types to C<push_write>.	1153	Sometimes you know you want to close the socket after writing your data
		1154	before it was actually written. One way to do that is to replace your
		1155	C<on_drain> handler by a callback that shuts down the socket (and set
		1156	C<low_water_mark> to C<0>). This method is a shorthand for just that, and
		1157	replaces the C<on_drain> callback with:
		1158
		1159	sub { shutdown $_[0]{fh}, 1 }
		1160
		1161	This simply shuts down the write side and signals an EOF condition to the
		1162	the peer.
		1163
		1164	You can rely on the normal read queue and C<on_eof> handling
		1165	afterwards. This is the cleanest way to close a connection.
		1166
		1167	This method may invoke callbacks (and therefore the handle might be
		1168	destroyed after it returns).
		1169
		1170	=cut
		1171
		1172	sub push_shutdown {
		1173	my ($self) = @_;
		1174
		1175	delete $self->{low_water_mark};
		1176	$self->on_drain (sub { shutdown $_[0]{fh}, 1 });
		1177	}
		1178
		1179	=item custom write types - Package::anyevent_write_type $handle, @args
		1180
		1181	Instead of one of the predefined types, you can also specify the name of
		1182	a package. AnyEvent will try to load the package and then expects to find
		1183	a function named C<anyevent_write_type> inside. If it isn't found, it
		1184	progressively tries to load the parent package until it either finds the
		1185	function (good) or runs out of packages (bad).
		1186
660	Whenever the given C<type> is used, C<push_write> will invoke the code	1187	Whenever the given C<type> is used, C<push_write> will the function with
661	reference with the handle object and the remaining arguments.	1188	the handle object and the remaining arguments.
662		1189
663	The code reference is supposed to return a single octet string that will	1190	The function is supposed to return a single octet string that will be
664	be appended to the write buffer.	1191	appended to the write buffer, so you can mentally treat this function as a
		1192	"arguments to on-the-wire-format" converter.
665		1193
666	Note that this is a function, and all types registered this way will be	1194	Example: implement a custom write type C<join> that joins the remaining
667	global, so try to use unique names.	1195	arguments using the first one.
		1196
		1197	$handle->push_write (My::Type => " ", 1,2,3);
		1198
		1199	# uses the following package, which can be defined in the "My::Type" or in
		1200	# the "My" modules to be auto-loaded, or just about anywhere when the
		1201	# My::Type::anyevent_write_type is defined before invoking it.
		1202
		1203	package My::Type;
		1204
		1205	sub anyevent_write_type {
		1206	my ($handle, $delim, @args) = @_;
		1207
		1208	join $delim, @args
		1209	}
668		1210
669	=cut	1211	=cut
670		1212
671	#############################################################################	1213	#############################################################################
672		1214
…		…
681	ways, the "simple" way, using only C<on_read> and the "complex" way, using	1223	ways, the "simple" way, using only C<on_read> and the "complex" way, using
682	a queue.	1224	a queue.
683		1225
684	In the simple case, you just install an C<on_read> callback and whenever	1226	In the simple case, you just install an C<on_read> callback and whenever
685	new data arrives, it will be called. You can then remove some data (if	1227	new data arrives, it will be called. You can then remove some data (if
686	enough is there) from the read buffer (C<< $handle->rbuf >>). Or you cna	1228	enough is there) from the read buffer (C<< $handle->rbuf >>). Or you can
687	leave the data there if you want to accumulate more (e.g. when only a	1229	leave the data there if you want to accumulate more (e.g. when only a
688	partial message has been received so far).	1230	partial message has been received so far), or change the read queue with
		1231	e.g. C<push_read>.
689		1232
690	In the more complex case, you want to queue multiple callbacks. In this	1233	In the more complex case, you want to queue multiple callbacks. In this
691	case, AnyEvent::Handle will call the first queued callback each time new	1234	case, AnyEvent::Handle will call the first queued callback each time new
692	data arrives (also the first time it is queued) and removes it when it has	1235	data arrives (also the first time it is queued) and remove it when it has
693	done its job (see C<push_read>, below).	1236	done its job (see C<push_read>, below).
694		1237
695	This way you can, for example, push three line-reads, followed by reading	1238	This way you can, for example, push three line-reads, followed by reading
696	a chunk of data, and AnyEvent::Handle will execute them in order.	1239	a chunk of data, and AnyEvent::Handle will execute them in order.
697		1240
…		…
754	=cut	1297	=cut
755		1298
756	sub _drain_rbuf {	1299	sub _drain_rbuf {
757	my ($self) = @_;	1300	my ($self) = @_;
758		1301
		1302	# avoid recursion
		1303	return if $self->{_skip_drain_rbuf};
759	local $self->{_in_drain} = 1;	1304	local $self->{_skip_drain_rbuf} = 1;
760
761	if (
762	defined $self->{rbuf_max}
763	&& $self->{rbuf_max} < length $self->{rbuf}
764	) {
765	$self->_error (&Errno::ENOSPC, 1), return;
766	}
767		1305
768	while () {	1306	while () {
		1307	# we need to use a separate tls read buffer, as we must not receive data while
		1308	# we are draining the buffer, and this can only happen with TLS.
		1309	$self->{rbuf} .= delete $self->{_tls_rbuf}
		1310	if exists $self->{_tls_rbuf};
		1311
769	my $len = length $self->{rbuf};	1312	my $len = length $self->{rbuf};
770		1313
771	if (my $cb = shift @{ $self->{_queue} }) {	1314	if (my $cb = shift @{ $self->{_queue} }) {
772	unless ($cb->($self)) {	1315	unless ($cb->($self)) {
773	if ($self->{_eof}) {	1316	# no progress can be made
774	# no progress can be made (not enough data and no data forthcoming)	1317	# (not enough data and no data forthcoming)
775	$self->_error (&Errno::EPIPE, 1), return;	1318	$self->_error (Errno::EPIPE, 1), return
776	}	1319	if $self->{_eof};
777		1320
778	unshift @{ $self->{_queue} }, $cb;	1321	unshift @{ $self->{_queue} }, $cb;
779	last;	1322	last;
780	}	1323	}
781	} elsif ($self->{on_read}) {	1324	} elsif ($self->{on_read}) {
…		…
788	&& !@{ $self->{_queue} } # and the queue is still empty	1331	&& !@{ $self->{_queue} } # and the queue is still empty
789	&& $self->{on_read} # but we still have on_read	1332	&& $self->{on_read} # but we still have on_read
790	) {	1333	) {
791	# no further data will arrive	1334	# no further data will arrive
792	# so no progress can be made	1335	# so no progress can be made
793	$self->_error (&Errno::EPIPE, 1), return	1336	$self->_error (Errno::EPIPE, 1), return
794	if $self->{_eof};	1337	if $self->{_eof};
795		1338
796	last; # more data might arrive	1339	last; # more data might arrive
797	}	1340	}
798	} else {	1341	} else {
799	# read side becomes idle	1342	# read side becomes idle
800	delete $self->{_rw};	1343	delete $self->{_rw} unless $self->{tls};
801	last;	1344	last;
802	}	1345	}
803	}	1346	}
804		1347
805	if ($self->{_eof}) {	1348	if ($self->{_eof}) {
806	if ($self->{on_eof}) {	1349	$self->{on_eof}
807	$self->{on_eof}($self)	1350	? $self->{on_eof}($self)
808	} else {	1351	: $self->_error (0, 1, "Unexpected end-of-file");
809	$self->_error (0, 1);	1352
810	}	1353	return;
		1354	}
		1355
		1356	if (
		1357	defined $self->{rbuf_max}
		1358	&& $self->{rbuf_max} < length $self->{rbuf}
		1359	) {
		1360	$self->_error (Errno::ENOSPC, 1), return;
811	}	1361	}
812		1362
813	# may need to restart read watcher	1363	# may need to restart read watcher
814	unless ($self->{_rw}) {	1364	unless ($self->{_rw}) {
815	$self->start_read	1365	$self->start_read
…		…
821		1371
822	This replaces the currently set C<on_read> callback, or clears it (when	1372	This replaces the currently set C<on_read> callback, or clears it (when
823	the new callback is C<undef>). See the description of C<on_read> in the	1373	the new callback is C<undef>). See the description of C<on_read> in the
824	constructor.	1374	constructor.
825		1375
		1376	This method may invoke callbacks (and therefore the handle might be
		1377	destroyed after it returns).
		1378
826	=cut	1379	=cut
827		1380
828	sub on_read {	1381	sub on_read {
829	my ($self, $cb) = @_;	1382	my ($self, $cb) = @_;
830		1383
831	$self->{on_read} = $cb;	1384	$self->{on_read} = $cb;
832	$self->_drain_rbuf if $cb && !$self->{_in_drain};	1385	$self->_drain_rbuf if $cb;
833	}	1386	}
834		1387
835	=item $handle->rbuf	1388	=item $handle->rbuf
836		1389
837	Returns the read buffer (as a modifiable lvalue).	1390	Returns the read buffer (as a modifiable lvalue). You can also access the
		1391	read buffer directly as the C<< ->{rbuf} >> member, if you want (this is
		1392	much faster, and no less clean).
838		1393
839	You can access the read buffer directly as the C<< ->{rbuf} >> member, if	1394	The only operation allowed on the read buffer (apart from looking at it)
840	you want.	1395	is removing data from its beginning. Otherwise modifying or appending to
		1396	it is not allowed and will lead to hard-to-track-down bugs.
841		1397
842	NOTE: The read buffer should only be used or modified if the C<on_read>,	1398	NOTE: The read buffer should only be used or modified in the C<on_read>
843	C<push_read> or C<unshift_read> methods are used. The other read methods	1399	callback or when C<push_read> or C<unshift_read> are used with a single
844	automatically manage the read buffer.	1400	callback (i.e. untyped). Typed C<push_read> and C<unshift_read> methods
		1401	will manage the read buffer on their own.
845		1402
846	=cut	1403	=cut
847		1404
848	sub rbuf : lvalue {	1405	sub rbuf : lvalue {
849	$_[0]{rbuf}	1406	$_[0]{rbuf}
…		…
866		1423
867	If enough data was available, then the callback must remove all data it is	1424	If enough data was available, then the callback must remove all data it is
868	interested in (which can be none at all) and return a true value. After returning	1425	interested in (which can be none at all) and return a true value. After returning
869	true, it will be removed from the queue.	1426	true, it will be removed from the queue.
870		1427
		1428	These methods may invoke callbacks (and therefore the handle might be
		1429	destroyed after it returns).
		1430
871	=cut	1431	=cut
872		1432
873	our %RH;	1433	our %RH;
874		1434
875	sub register_read_type($$) {	1435	sub register_read_type($$) {
…		…
881	my $cb = pop;	1441	my $cb = pop;
882		1442
883	if (@_) {	1443	if (@_) {
884	my $type = shift;	1444	my $type = shift;
885		1445
		1446	$cb = ($RH{$type} ||= _load_func "$type\::anyevent_read_type"
886	$cb = ($RH{$type} or Carp::croak "unsupported type passed to AnyEvent::Handle::push_read")	1447	or Carp::croak "unsupported/unloadable type '$type' passed to AnyEvent::Handle::push_read")
887	->($self, $cb, @_);	1448	->($self, $cb, @_);
888	}	1449	}
889		1450
890	push @{ $self->{_queue} }, $cb;	1451	push @{ $self->{_queue} }, $cb;
891	$self->_drain_rbuf unless $self->{_in_drain};	1452	$self->_drain_rbuf;
892	}	1453	}
893		1454
894	sub unshift_read {	1455	sub unshift_read {
895	my $self = shift;	1456	my $self = shift;
896	my $cb = pop;	1457	my $cb = pop;
897		1458
898	if (@_) {	1459	if (@_) {
899	my $type = shift;	1460	my $type = shift;
900		1461
		1462	$cb = ($RH{$type} ||= _load_func "$type\::anyevent_read_type"
901	$cb = ($RH{$type} or Carp::croak "unsupported type passed to AnyEvent::Handle::unshift_read")	1463	or Carp::croak "unsupported/unloadable type '$type' passed to AnyEvent::Handle::unshift_read")
902	->($self, $cb, @_);	1464	->($self, $cb, @_);
903	}	1465	}
904		1466
905
906	unshift @{ $self->{_queue} }, $cb;	1467	unshift @{ $self->{_queue} }, $cb;
907	$self->_drain_rbuf unless $self->{_in_drain};	1468	$self->_drain_rbuf;
908	}	1469	}
909		1470
910	=item $handle->push_read (type => @args, $cb)	1471	=item $handle->push_read (type => @args, $cb)
911		1472
912	=item $handle->unshift_read (type => @args, $cb)	1473	=item $handle->unshift_read (type => @args, $cb)
913		1474
914	Instead of providing a callback that parses the data itself you can chose	1475	Instead of providing a callback that parses the data itself you can chose
915	between a number of predefined parsing formats, for chunks of data, lines	1476	between a number of predefined parsing formats, for chunks of data, lines
916	etc.	1477	etc. You can also specify the (fully qualified) name of a package, in
		1478	which case AnyEvent tries to load the package and then expects to find the
		1479	C<anyevent_read_type> function inside (see "custom read types", below).
917		1480
918	Predefined types are (if you have ideas for additional types, feel free to	1481	Predefined types are (if you have ideas for additional types, feel free to
919	drop by and tell us):	1482	drop by and tell us):
920		1483
921	=over 4	1484	=over 4
…		…
927	data.	1490	data.
928		1491
929	Example: read 2 bytes.	1492	Example: read 2 bytes.
930		1493
931	$handle->push_read (chunk => 2, sub {	1494	$handle->push_read (chunk => 2, sub {
932	warn "yay ", unpack "H*", $_[1];	1495	say "yay " . unpack "H*", $_[1];
933	});	1496	});
934		1497
935	=cut	1498	=cut
936		1499
937	register_read_type chunk => sub {	1500	register_read_type chunk => sub {
…		…
967		1530
968	register_read_type line => sub {	1531	register_read_type line => sub {
969	my ($self, $cb, $eol) = @_;	1532	my ($self, $cb, $eol) = @_;
970		1533
971	if (@_ < 3) {	1534	if (@_ < 3) {
972	# this is more than twice as fast as the generic code below	1535	# this is faster then the generic code below
973	sub {	1536	sub {
974	$_[0]{rbuf} =~ s/^([^\015\012]*)(\015?\012)// or return;	1537	(my $pos = index $_[0]{rbuf}, "\012") >= 0
		1538	or return;
975		1539
		1540	(my $str = substr $_[0]{rbuf}, 0, $pos + 1, "") =~ s/(\015?\012)\Z// or die;
976	$cb->($_[0], $1, $2);	1541	$cb->($_[0], $str, "$1");
977	1	1542	1
978	}	1543	}
979	} else {	1544	} else {
980	$eol = quotemeta $eol unless ref $eol;	1545	$eol = quotemeta $eol unless ref $eol;
981	$eol = qr|^(.*?)($eol)|s;	1546	$eol = qr|^(.*?)($eol)|s;
982		1547
983	sub {	1548	sub {
984	$_[0]{rbuf} =~ s/$eol// or return;	1549	$_[0]{rbuf} =~ s/$eol// or return;
985		1550
986	$cb->($_[0], $1, $2);	1551	$cb->($_[0], "$1", "$2");
987	1	1552	1
988	}	1553	}
989	}	1554	}
990	};	1555	};
991		1556
992	=item regex => $accept[, $reject[, $skip], $cb->($handle, $data)	1557	=item regex => $accept[, $reject[, $skip], $cb->($handle, $data)
993		1558
994	Makes a regex match against the regex object C<$accept> and returns	1559	Makes a regex match against the regex object C<$accept> and returns
995	everything up to and including the match.	1560	everything up to and including the match. All the usual regex variables
		1561	($1, %+ etc.) from the regex match are available in the callback.
996		1562
997	Example: read a single line terminated by '\n'.	1563	Example: read a single line terminated by '\n'.
998		1564
999	$handle->push_read (regex => qr<\n>, sub { ... });	1565	$handle->push_read (regex => qr<\n>, sub { ... });
1000		1566
…		…
1013	the receive buffer when neither C<$accept> nor C<$reject> match,	1579	the receive buffer when neither C<$accept> nor C<$reject> match,
1014	and everything preceding and including the match will be accepted	1580	and everything preceding and including the match will be accepted
1015	unconditionally. This is useful to skip large amounts of data that you	1581	unconditionally. This is useful to skip large amounts of data that you
1016	know cannot be matched, so that the C<$accept> or C<$reject> regex do not	1582	know cannot be matched, so that the C<$accept> or C<$reject> regex do not
1017	have to start matching from the beginning. This is purely an optimisation	1583	have to start matching from the beginning. This is purely an optimisation
1018	and is usually worth only when you expect more than a few kilobytes.	1584	and is usually worth it only when you expect more than a few kilobytes.
1019		1585
1020	Example: expect a http header, which ends at C<\015\012\015\012>. Since we	1586	Example: expect a http header, which ends at C<\015\012\015\012>. Since we
1021	expect the header to be very large (it isn't in practise, but...), we use	1587	expect the header to be very large (it isn't in practice, but...), we use
1022	a skip regex to skip initial portions. The skip regex is tricky in that	1588	a skip regex to skip initial portions. The skip regex is tricky in that
1023	it only accepts something not ending in either \015 or \012, as these are	1589	it only accepts something not ending in either \015 or \012, as these are
1024	required for the accept regex.	1590	required for the accept regex.
1025		1591
1026	$handle->push_read (regex =>	1592	$handle->push_read (regex =>
…		…
1039		1605
1040	sub {	1606	sub {
1041	# accept	1607	# accept
1042	if ($$rbuf =~ $accept) {	1608	if ($$rbuf =~ $accept) {
1043	$data .= substr $$rbuf, 0, $+[0], "";	1609	$data .= substr $$rbuf, 0, $+[0], "";
1044	$cb->($self, $data);	1610	$cb->($_[0], $data);
1045	return 1;	1611	return 1;
1046	}	1612	}
1047		1613
1048	# reject	1614	# reject
1049	if ($reject && $$rbuf =~ $reject) {	1615	if ($reject && $$rbuf =~ $reject) {
1050	$self->_error (&Errno::EBADMSG);	1616	$_[0]->_error (Errno::EBADMSG);
1051	}	1617	}
1052		1618
1053	# skip	1619	# skip
1054	if ($skip && $$rbuf =~ $skip) {	1620	if ($skip && $$rbuf =~ $skip) {
1055	$data .= substr $$rbuf, 0, $+[0], "";	1621	$data .= substr $$rbuf, 0, $+[0], "";
…		…
1071	my ($self, $cb) = @_;	1637	my ($self, $cb) = @_;
1072		1638
1073	sub {	1639	sub {
1074	unless ($_[0]{rbuf} =~ s/^(0|[1-9][0-9]*)://) {	1640	unless ($_[0]{rbuf} =~ s/^(0|[1-9][0-9]*)://) {
1075	if ($_[0]{rbuf} =~ /[^0-9]/) {	1641	if ($_[0]{rbuf} =~ /[^0-9]/) {
1076	$self->_error (&Errno::EBADMSG);	1642	$_[0]->_error (Errno::EBADMSG);
1077	}	1643	}
1078	return;	1644	return;
1079	}	1645	}
1080		1646
1081	my $len = $1;	1647	my $len = $1;
1082		1648
1083	$self->unshift_read (chunk => $len, sub {	1649	$_[0]->unshift_read (chunk => $len, sub {
1084	my $string = $_[1];	1650	my $string = $_[1];
1085	$_[0]->unshift_read (chunk => 1, sub {	1651	$_[0]->unshift_read (chunk => 1, sub {
1086	if ($_[1] eq ",") {	1652	if ($_[1] eq ",") {
1087	$cb->($_[0], $string);	1653	$cb->($_[0], $string);
1088	} else {	1654	} else {
1089	$self->_error (&Errno::EBADMSG);	1655	$_[0]->_error (Errno::EBADMSG);
1090	}	1656	}
1091	});	1657	});
1092	});	1658	});
1093		1659
1094	1	1660	1
…		…
1100	An octet string prefixed with an encoded length. The encoding C<$format>	1666	An octet string prefixed with an encoded length. The encoding C<$format>
1101	uses the same format as a Perl C<pack> format, but must specify a single	1667	uses the same format as a Perl C<pack> format, but must specify a single
1102	integer only (only one of C<cCsSlLqQiInNvVjJw> is allowed, plus an	1668	integer only (only one of C<cCsSlLqQiInNvVjJw> is allowed, plus an
1103	optional C<!>, C<< < >> or C<< > >> modifier).	1669	optional C<!>, C<< < >> or C<< > >> modifier).
1104		1670
1105	DNS over TCP uses a prefix of C<n>, EPP uses a prefix of C<N>.	1671	For example, DNS over TCP uses a prefix of C<n> (2 octet network order),
		1672	EPP uses a prefix of C<N> (4 octtes).
1106		1673
1107	Example: read a block of data prefixed by its length in BER-encoded	1674	Example: read a block of data prefixed by its length in BER-encoded
1108	format (very efficient).	1675	format (very efficient).
1109		1676
1110	$handle->push_read (packstring => "w", sub {	1677	$handle->push_read (packstring => "w", sub {
…		…
1140	}	1707	}
1141	};	1708	};
1142		1709
1143	=item json => $cb->($handle, $hash_or_arrayref)	1710	=item json => $cb->($handle, $hash_or_arrayref)
1144		1711
1145	Reads a JSON object or array, decodes it and passes it to the callback.	1712	Reads a JSON object or array, decodes it and passes it to the
		1713	callback. When a parse error occurs, an C<EBADMSG> error will be raised.
1146		1714
1147	If a C<json> object was passed to the constructor, then that will be used	1715	If a C<json> object was passed to the constructor, then that will be
1148	for the final decode, otherwise it will create a JSON coder expecting UTF-8.	1716	used for the final decode, otherwise it will create a L<JSON::XS> or
		1717	L<JSON::PP> coder object expecting UTF-8.
1149		1718
1150	This read type uses the incremental parser available with JSON version	1719	This read type uses the incremental parser available with JSON version
1151	2.09 (and JSON::XS version 2.2) and above. You have to provide a	1720	2.09 (and JSON::XS version 2.2) and above.
1152	dependency on your own: this module will load the JSON module, but
1153	AnyEvent does not depend on it itself.
1154		1721
1155	Since JSON texts are fully self-delimiting, the C<json> read and write	1722	Since JSON texts are fully self-delimiting, the C<json> read and write
1156	types are an ideal simple RPC protocol: just exchange JSON datagrams. See	1723	types are an ideal simple RPC protocol: just exchange JSON datagrams. See
1157	the C<json> write type description, above, for an actual example.	1724	the C<json> write type description, above, for an actual example.
1158		1725
1159	=cut	1726	=cut
1160		1727
1161	register_read_type json => sub {	1728	register_read_type json => sub {
1162	my ($self, $cb) = @_;	1729	my ($self, $cb) = @_;
1163		1730
1164	require JSON;	1731	my $json = $self->{json} ||= json_coder;
1165		1732
1166	my $data;	1733	my $data;
1167	my $rbuf = \$self->{rbuf};
1168
1169	my $json = $self->{json} ||= JSON->new->utf8;
1170		1734
1171	sub {	1735	sub {
1172	my $ref = $json->incr_parse ($self->{rbuf});	1736	my $ref = eval { $json->incr_parse ($_[0]{rbuf}) };
1173		1737
1174	if ($ref) {	1738	if ($ref) {
1175	$self->{rbuf} = $json->incr_text;	1739	$_[0]{rbuf} = $json->incr_text;
1176	$json->incr_text = "";	1740	$json->incr_text = "";
1177	$cb->($self, $ref);	1741	$cb->($_[0], $ref);
1178		1742
1179	1	1743	1
		1744	} elsif ($@) {
		1745	# error case
		1746	$json->incr_skip;
		1747
		1748	$_[0]{rbuf} = $json->incr_text;
		1749	$json->incr_text = "";
		1750
		1751	$_[0]->_error (Errno::EBADMSG);
		1752
		1753	()
1180	} else {	1754	} else {
1181	$self->{rbuf} = "";	1755	$_[0]{rbuf} = "";
		1756
		1757	()
		1758	}
		1759	}
		1760	};
		1761
		1762	=item cbor => $cb->($handle, $scalar)
		1763
		1764	Reads a CBOR value, decodes it and passes it to the callback. When a parse
		1765	error occurs, an C<EBADMSG> error will be raised.
		1766
		1767	If a L<CBOR::XS> object was passed to the constructor, then that will be
		1768	used for the final decode, otherwise it will create a CBOR coder without
		1769	enabling any options.
		1770
		1771	You have to provide a dependency to L<CBOR::XS> on your own: this module
		1772	will load the L<CBOR::XS> module, but AnyEvent does not depend on it
		1773	itself.
		1774
		1775	Since CBOR values are fully self-delimiting, the C<cbor> read and write
		1776	types are an ideal simple RPC protocol: just exchange CBOR datagrams. See
		1777	the C<cbor> write type description, above, for an actual example.
		1778
		1779	=cut
		1780
		1781	register_read_type cbor => sub {
		1782	my ($self, $cb) = @_;
		1783
		1784	my $cbor = $self->{cbor} ||= cbor_coder;
		1785
		1786	my $data;
		1787
		1788	sub {
		1789	my (@value) = eval { $cbor->incr_parse ($_[0]{rbuf}) };
		1790
		1791	if (@value) {
		1792	$cb->($_[0], @value);
		1793
		1794	1
		1795	} elsif ($@) {
		1796	# error case
		1797	$cbor->incr_reset;
		1798
		1799	$_[0]->_error (Errno::EBADMSG);
		1800
		1801	()
		1802	} else {
1182	()	1803	()
1183	}	1804	}
1184	}	1805	}
1185	};	1806	};
1186		1807
…		…
1195	=cut	1816	=cut
1196		1817
1197	register_read_type storable => sub {	1818	register_read_type storable => sub {
1198	my ($self, $cb) = @_;	1819	my ($self, $cb) = @_;
1199		1820
1200	require Storable;	1821	require Storable unless $Storable::VERSION;
1201		1822
1202	sub {	1823	sub {
1203	# when we can use 5.10 we can use ".", but for 5.8 we use the re-pack method	1824	# when we can use 5.10 we can use ".", but for 5.8 we use the re-pack method
1204	defined (my $len = eval { unpack "w", $_[0]{rbuf} })	1825	defined (my $len = eval { unpack "w", $_[0]{rbuf} })
1205	or return;	1826	or return;
…		…
1208		1829
1209	# bypass unshift if we already have the remaining chunk	1830	# bypass unshift if we already have the remaining chunk
1210	if ($format + $len <= length $_[0]{rbuf}) {	1831	if ($format + $len <= length $_[0]{rbuf}) {
1211	my $data = substr $_[0]{rbuf}, $format, $len;	1832	my $data = substr $_[0]{rbuf}, $format, $len;
1212	substr $_[0]{rbuf}, 0, $format + $len, "";	1833	substr $_[0]{rbuf}, 0, $format + $len, "";
		1834
1213	$cb->($_[0], Storable::thaw ($data));	1835	eval { $cb->($_[0], Storable::thaw ($data)); 1 }
		1836	or return $_[0]->_error (Errno::EBADMSG);
1214	} else {	1837	} else {
1215	# remove prefix	1838	# remove prefix
1216	substr $_[0]{rbuf}, 0, $format, "";	1839	substr $_[0]{rbuf}, 0, $format, "";
1217		1840
1218	# read remaining chunk	1841	# read remaining chunk
1219	$_[0]->unshift_read (chunk => $len, sub {	1842	$_[0]->unshift_read (chunk => $len, sub {
1220	if (my $ref = eval { Storable::thaw ($_[1]) }) {	1843	eval { $cb->($_[0], Storable::thaw ($_[1])); 1 }
1221	$cb->($_[0], $ref);
1222	} else {
1223	$self->_error (&Errno::EBADMSG);	1844	or $_[0]->_error (Errno::EBADMSG);
1224	}
1225	});	1845	});
1226	}	1846	}
1227		1847
1228	1	1848	1
1229	}	1849	}
1230	};	1850	};
1231		1851
		1852	=item tls_detect => $cb->($handle, $detect, $major, $minor)
		1853
		1854	Checks the input stream for a valid SSL or TLS handshake TLSPaintext
		1855	record without consuming anything. Only SSL version 3 or higher
		1856	is handled, up to the fictituous protocol 4.x (but both SSL3+ and
		1857	SSL2-compatible framing is supported).
		1858
		1859	If it detects that the input data is likely TLS, it calls the callback
		1860	with a true value for C<$detect> and the (on-wire) TLS version as second
		1861	and third argument (C<$major> is C<3>, and C<$minor> is 0..4 for SSL
		1862	3.0, TLS 1.0, 1.1, 1.2 and 1.3, respectively). If it detects the input
		1863	to be definitely not TLS, it calls the callback with a false value for
		1864	C<$detect>.
		1865
		1866	The callback could use this information to decide whether or not to start
		1867	TLS negotiation.
		1868
		1869	In all cases the data read so far is passed to the following read
		1870	handlers.
		1871
		1872	Usually you want to use the C<tls_autostart> read type instead.
		1873
		1874	If you want to design a protocol that works in the presence of TLS
		1875	dtection, make sure that any non-TLS data doesn't start with the octet 22
		1876	(ASCII SYN, 16 hex) or 128-255 (i.e. highest bit set). The checks this
		1877	read type does are a bit more strict, but might losen in the future to
		1878	accomodate protocol changes.
		1879
		1880	This read type does not rely on L<AnyEvent::TLS> (and thus, not on
		1881	L<Net::SSLeay>).
		1882
		1883	=item tls_autostart => [$tls_ctx, ]$tls
		1884
		1885	Tries to detect a valid SSL or TLS handshake. If one is detected, it tries
		1886	to start tls by calling C<starttls> with the given arguments.
		1887
		1888	In practise, C<$tls> must be C<accept>, or a Net::SSLeay context that has
		1889	been configured to accept, as servers do not normally send a handshake on
		1890	their own and ths cannot be detected in this way.
		1891
		1892	See C<tls_detect> above for more details.
		1893
		1894	Example: give the client a chance to start TLS before accepting a text
		1895	line.
		1896
		1897	$hdl->push_read (tls_autostart => "accept");
		1898	$hdl->push_read (line => sub {
		1899	print "received ", ($_[0]{tls} ? "encrypted" : "cleartext"), " <$_[1]>\n";
		1900	});
		1901
		1902	=cut
		1903
		1904	register_read_type tls_detect => sub {
		1905	my ($self, $cb) = @_;
		1906
		1907	sub {
		1908	# this regex matches a full or partial tls record
		1909	if (
		1910	# ssl3+: type(22=handshake) major(=3) minor(any) length_hi
		1911	$self->{rbuf} =~ /^(?:\z| \x16 (\z| [\x03\x04] (?:\z| . (?:\z| [\x00-\x40] ))))/xs
		1912	# ssl2 comapatible: len_hi len_lo type(1) major minor dummy(forlength)
		1913	or $self->{rbuf} =~ /^(?:\z| [\x80-\xff] (?:\z| . (?:\z| \x01 (\z| [\x03\x04] (?:\z| . (?:\z| . ))))))/xs
		1914	) {
		1915	return if 3 != length $1; # partial match, can't decide yet
		1916
		1917	# full match, valid TLS record
		1918	my ($major, $minor) = unpack "CC", $1;
		1919	$cb->($self, "accept", $major, $minor);
		1920	} else {
		1921	# mismatch == guaranteed not TLS
		1922	$cb->($self, undef);
		1923	}
		1924
		1925	1
		1926	}
		1927	};
		1928
		1929	register_read_type tls_autostart => sub {
		1930	my ($self, @tls) = @_;
		1931
		1932	$RH{tls_detect}($self, sub {
		1933	return unless $_[1];
		1934	$_[0]->starttls (@tls);
		1935	})
		1936	};
		1937
1232	=back	1938	=back
1233		1939
1234	=item AnyEvent::Handle::register_read_type type => $coderef->($handle, $cb, @args)	1940	=item custom read types - Package::anyevent_read_type $handle, $cb, @args
1235		1941
1236	This function (not method) lets you add your own types to C<push_read>.	1942	Instead of one of the predefined types, you can also specify the name
		1943	of a package. AnyEvent will try to load the package and then expects to
		1944	find a function named C<anyevent_read_type> inside. If it isn't found, it
		1945	progressively tries to load the parent package until it either finds the
		1946	function (good) or runs out of packages (bad).
1237		1947
1238	Whenever the given C<type> is used, C<push_read> will invoke the code	1948	Whenever this type is used, C<push_read> will invoke the function with the
1239	reference with the handle object, the callback and the remaining	1949	handle object, the original callback and the remaining arguments.
1240	arguments.
1241		1950
1242	The code reference is supposed to return a callback (usually a closure)	1951	The function is supposed to return a callback (usually a closure) that
1243	that works as a plain read callback (see C<< ->push_read ($cb) >>).	1952	works as a plain read callback (see C<< ->push_read ($cb) >>), so you can
		1953	mentally treat the function as a "configurable read type to read callback"
		1954	converter.
1244		1955
1245	It should invoke the passed callback when it is done reading (remember to	1956	It should invoke the original callback when it is done reading (remember
1246	pass C<$handle> as first argument as all other callbacks do that).	1957	to pass C<$handle> as first argument as all other callbacks do that,
		1958	although there is no strict requirement on this).
1247		1959
1248	Note that this is a function, and all types registered this way will be
1249	global, so try to use unique names.
1250
1251	For examples, see the source of this module (F<perldoc -m AnyEvent::Handle>,	1960	For examples, see the source of this module (F<perldoc -m
1252	search for C<register_read_type>)).	1961	AnyEvent::Handle>, search for C<register_read_type>)).
1253		1962
1254	=item $handle->stop_read	1963	=item $handle->stop_read
1255		1964
1256	=item $handle->start_read	1965	=item $handle->start_read
1257		1966
…		…
1263	Note that AnyEvent::Handle will automatically C<start_read> for you when	1972	Note that AnyEvent::Handle will automatically C<start_read> for you when
1264	you change the C<on_read> callback or push/unshift a read callback, and it	1973	you change the C<on_read> callback or push/unshift a read callback, and it
1265	will automatically C<stop_read> for you when neither C<on_read> is set nor	1974	will automatically C<stop_read> for you when neither C<on_read> is set nor
1266	there are any read requests in the queue.	1975	there are any read requests in the queue.
1267		1976
		1977	In older versions of this module (<= 5.3), these methods had no effect,
		1978	as TLS does not support half-duplex connections. In current versions they
		1979	work as expected, as this behaviour is required to avoid certain resource
		1980	attacks, where the program would be forced to read (and buffer) arbitrary
		1981	amounts of data before being able to send some data. The drawback is that
		1982	some readings of the the SSL/TLS specifications basically require this
		1983	attack to be working, as SSL/TLS implementations might stall sending data
		1984	during a rehandshake.
		1985
		1986	As a guideline, during the initial handshake, you should not stop reading,
		1987	and as a client, it might cause problems, depending on your application.
		1988
1268	=cut	1989	=cut
1269		1990
1270	sub stop_read {	1991	sub stop_read {
1271	my ($self) = @_;	1992	my ($self) = @_;
1272		1993
…		…
1274	}	1995	}
1275		1996
1276	sub start_read {	1997	sub start_read {
1277	my ($self) = @_;	1998	my ($self) = @_;
1278		1999
1279	unless ($self->{_rw} || $self->{_eof}) {	2000	unless ($self->{_rw} || $self->{_eof} || !$self->{fh}) {
1280	Scalar::Util::weaken $self;	2001	Scalar::Util::weaken $self;
1281		2002
1282	$self->{_rw} = AnyEvent->io (fh => $self->{fh}, poll => "r", cb => sub {	2003	$self->{_rw} = AE::io $self->{fh}, 0, sub {
1283	my $rbuf = $self->{filter_r} ? \my $buf : \$self->{rbuf};	2004	my $rbuf = \($self->{tls} ? my $buf : $self->{rbuf});
1284	my $len = sysread $self->{fh}, $$rbuf, $self->{read_size} || 8192, length $$rbuf;	2005	my $len = sysread $self->{fh}, $$rbuf, $self->{read_size}, length $$rbuf;
1285		2006
1286	if ($len > 0) {	2007	if ($len > 0) {
1287	$self->{_activity} = AnyEvent->now;	2008	$self->{_activity} = $self->{_ractivity} = AE::now;
1288		2009
1289	$self->{filter_r}	2010	if ($self->{tls}) {
1290	? $self->{filter_r}($self, $rbuf)	2011	Net::SSLeay::BIO_write ($self->{_rbio}, $$rbuf);
1291	: $self->{_in_drain} || $self->_drain_rbuf;	2012
		2013	&_dotls ($self);
		2014	} else {
		2015	$self->_drain_rbuf;
		2016	}
		2017
		2018	if ($len == $self->{read_size}) {
		2019	$self->{read_size} *= 2;
		2020	$self->{read_size} = $self->{max_read_size} || MAX_READ_SIZE
		2021	if $self->{read_size} > ($self->{max_read_size} || MAX_READ_SIZE);
		2022	}
1292		2023
1293	} elsif (defined $len) {	2024	} elsif (defined $len) {
1294	delete $self->{_rw};	2025	delete $self->{_rw};
1295	$self->{_eof} = 1;	2026	$self->{_eof} = 1;
1296	$self->_drain_rbuf unless $self->{_in_drain};	2027	$self->_drain_rbuf;
1297		2028
1298	} elsif ($! != EAGAIN && $! != EINTR && $! != WSAEWOULDBLOCK) {	2029	} elsif ($! != EAGAIN && $! != EINTR && $! != EWOULDBLOCK && $! != WSAEWOULDBLOCK) {
1299	return $self->_error ($!, 1);	2030	return $self->_error ($!, 1);
1300	}	2031	}
1301	});	2032	};
1302	}	2033	}
1303	}	2034	}
1304		2035
		2036	our $ERROR_SYSCALL;
		2037	our $ERROR_WANT_READ;
		2038
		2039	sub _tls_error {
		2040	my ($self, $err) = @_;
		2041
		2042	return $self->_error ($!, 1)
		2043	if $err == Net::SSLeay::ERROR_SYSCALL ();
		2044
		2045	my $err = Net::SSLeay::ERR_error_string (Net::SSLeay::ERR_get_error ());
		2046
		2047	# reduce error string to look less scary
		2048	$err =~ s/^error:[0-9a-fA-F]{8}:[^:]+:([^:]+):/\L$1: /;
		2049
		2050	if ($self->{_on_starttls}) {
		2051	(delete $self->{_on_starttls})->($self, undef, $err);
		2052	&_freetls;
		2053	} else {
		2054	&_freetls;
		2055	$self->_error (Errno::EPROTO, 1, $err);
		2056	}
		2057	}
		2058
		2059	# poll the write BIO and send the data if applicable
		2060	# also decode read data if possible
		2061	# this is basiclaly our TLS state machine
		2062	# more efficient implementations are possible with openssl,
		2063	# but not with the buggy and incomplete Net::SSLeay.
1305	sub _dotls {	2064	sub _dotls {
1306	my ($self) = @_;	2065	my ($self) = @_;
1307		2066
1308	my $buf;	2067	my $tmp;
1309		2068
1310	if (length $self->{_tls_wbuf}) {	2069	while (length $self->{_tls_wbuf}) {
1311	while ((my $len = Net::SSLeay::write ($self->{tls}, $self->{_tls_wbuf})) > 0) {	2070	if (($tmp = Net::SSLeay::write ($self->{tls}, $self->{_tls_wbuf})) <= 0) {
1312	substr $self->{_tls_wbuf}, 0, $len, "";	2071	$tmp = Net::SSLeay::get_error ($self->{tls}, $tmp);
		2072
		2073	return $self->_tls_error ($tmp)
		2074	if $tmp != $ERROR_WANT_READ
		2075	&& ($tmp != $ERROR_SYSCALL || $!);
		2076
		2077	last;
1313	}	2078	}
1314	}
1315		2079
		2080	substr $self->{_tls_wbuf}, 0, $tmp, "";
		2081	}
		2082
		2083	while (defined ($tmp = Net::SSLeay::read ($self->{tls}))) {
		2084	unless (length $tmp) {
		2085	$self->{_on_starttls}
		2086	and (delete $self->{_on_starttls})->($self, undef, "EOF during handshake"); # ???
		2087	&_freetls;
		2088
		2089	if ($self->{on_stoptls}) {
		2090	$self->{on_stoptls}($self);
		2091	return;
		2092	} else {
		2093	# let's treat SSL-eof as we treat normal EOF
		2094	delete $self->{_rw};
		2095	$self->{_eof} = 1;
		2096	}
		2097	}
		2098
		2099	$self->{_tls_rbuf} .= $tmp;
		2100	$self->_drain_rbuf;
		2101	$self->{tls} or return; # tls session might have gone away in callback
		2102	}
		2103
		2104	$tmp = Net::SSLeay::get_error ($self->{tls}, -1); # -1 is not neccessarily correct, but Net::SSLeay doesn't tell us
		2105	return $self->_tls_error ($tmp)
		2106	if $tmp != $ERROR_WANT_READ
		2107	&& ($tmp != $ERROR_SYSCALL || $!);
		2108
1316	if (length ($buf = Net::SSLeay::BIO_read ($self->{_wbio}))) {	2109	while (length ($tmp = Net::SSLeay::BIO_read ($self->{_wbio}))) {
1317	$self->{wbuf} .= $buf;	2110	$self->{wbuf} .= $tmp;
1318	$self->_drain_wbuf;	2111	$self->_drain_wbuf;
		2112	$self->{tls} or return; # tls session might have gone away in callback
1319	}	2113	}
1320		2114
1321	while (defined ($buf = Net::SSLeay::read ($self->{tls}))) {	2115	$self->{_on_starttls}
1322	if (length $buf) {	2116	and Net::SSLeay::state ($self->{tls}) == Net::SSLeay::ST_OK ()
1323	$self->{rbuf} .= $buf;	2117	and (delete $self->{_on_starttls})->($self, 1, "TLS/SSL connection established");
1324	$self->_drain_rbuf unless $self->{_in_drain};
1325	} else {
1326	# let's treat SSL-eof as we treat normal EOF
1327	$self->{_eof} = 1;
1328	$self->_shutdown;
1329	return;
1330	}
1331	}
1332
1333	my $err = Net::SSLeay::get_error ($self->{tls}, -1);
1334
1335	if ($err!= Net::SSLeay::ERROR_WANT_READ ()) {
1336	if ($err == Net::SSLeay::ERROR_SYSCALL ()) {
1337	return $self->_error ($!, 1);
1338	} elsif ($err == Net::SSLeay::ERROR_SSL ()) {
1339	return $self->_error (&Errno::EIO, 1);
1340	}
1341
1342	# all others are fine for our purposes
1343	}
1344	}	2118	}
1345		2119
1346	=item $handle->starttls ($tls[, $tls_ctx])	2120	=item $handle->starttls ($tls[, $tls_ctx])
1347		2121
1348	Instead of starting TLS negotiation immediately when the AnyEvent::Handle	2122	Instead of starting TLS negotiation immediately when the AnyEvent::Handle
1349	object is created, you can also do that at a later time by calling	2123	object is created, you can also do that at a later time by calling
1350	C<starttls>.	2124	C<starttls>. See the C<tls> constructor argument for general info.
		2125
		2126	Starting TLS is currently an asynchronous operation - when you push some
		2127	write data and then call C<< ->starttls >> then TLS negotiation will start
		2128	immediately, after which the queued write data is then sent. This might
		2129	change in future versions, so best make sure you have no outstanding write
		2130	data when calling this method.
1351		2131
1352	The first argument is the same as the C<tls> constructor argument (either	2132	The first argument is the same as the C<tls> constructor argument (either
1353	C<"connect">, C<"accept"> or an existing Net::SSLeay object).	2133	C<"connect">, C<"accept"> or an existing Net::SSLeay object).
1354		2134
1355	The second argument is the optional C<Net::SSLeay::CTX> object that is	2135	The second argument is the optional C<AnyEvent::TLS> object that is used
1356	used when AnyEvent::Handle has to create its own TLS connection object.	2136	when AnyEvent::Handle has to create its own TLS connection object, or
		2137	a hash reference with C<< key => value >> pairs that will be used to
		2138	construct a new context.
1357		2139
1358	The TLS connection object will end up in C<< $handle->{tls} >> after this	2140	The TLS connection object will end up in C<< $handle->{tls} >>, the TLS
1359	call and can be used or changed to your liking. Note that the handshake	2141	context in C<< $handle->{tls_ctx} >> after this call and can be used or
1360	might have already started when this function returns.	2142	changed to your liking. Note that the handshake might have already started
		2143	when this function returns.
1361		2144
		2145	Due to bugs in OpenSSL, it might or might not be possible to do multiple
		2146	handshakes on the same stream. It is best to not attempt to use the
		2147	stream after stopping TLS.
		2148
		2149	This method may invoke callbacks (and therefore the handle might be
		2150	destroyed after it returns).
		2151
1362	=cut	2152	=cut
		2153
		2154	our %TLS_CACHE; #TODO not yet documented, should we?
1363		2155
1364	sub starttls {	2156	sub starttls {
1365	my ($self, $ssl, $ctx) = @_;	2157	my ($self, $tls, $ctx) = @_;
1366		2158
1367	$self->stoptls;	2159	Carp::croak "It is an error to call starttls on an AnyEvent::Handle object while TLS is already active, caught"
		2160	if $self->{tls};
1368		2161
1369	if ($ssl eq "accept") {	2162	unless (defined $AnyEvent::TLS::VERSION) {
1370	$ssl = Net::SSLeay::new ($ctx || TLS_CTX ());	2163	eval {
1371	Net::SSLeay::set_accept_state ($ssl);	2164	require Net::SSLeay;
1372	} elsif ($ssl eq "connect") {	2165	require AnyEvent::TLS;
1373	$ssl = Net::SSLeay::new ($ctx || TLS_CTX ());	2166	1
1374	Net::SSLeay::set_connect_state ($ssl);	2167	} or return $self->_error (Errno::EPROTO, 1, "TLS support not available on this system");
		2168	}
		2169
		2170	$self->{tls} = $tls;
		2171	$self->{tls_ctx} = $ctx if @_ > 2;
		2172
		2173	return unless $self->{fh};
		2174
		2175	$ERROR_SYSCALL = Net::SSLeay::ERROR_SYSCALL ();
		2176	$ERROR_WANT_READ = Net::SSLeay::ERROR_WANT_READ ();
		2177
		2178	$tls = delete $self->{tls};
		2179	$ctx = $self->{tls_ctx};
		2180
		2181	local $Carp::CarpLevel = 1; # skip ourselves when creating a new context or session
		2182
		2183	if ("HASH" eq ref $ctx) {
		2184	if ($ctx->{cache}) {
		2185	my $key = $ctx+0;
		2186	$ctx = $TLS_CACHE{$key} ||= new AnyEvent::TLS %$ctx;
		2187	} else {
		2188	$ctx = new AnyEvent::TLS %$ctx;
		2189	}
		2190	}
1375	}	2191
1376		2192	$self->{tls_ctx} = $ctx || TLS_CTX ();
1377	$self->{tls} = $ssl;	2193	$self->{tls} = $tls = $self->{tls_ctx}->_get_session ($tls, $self, $self->{peername});
1378		2194
1379	# basically, this is deep magic (because SSL_read should have the same issues)	2195	# basically, this is deep magic (because SSL_read should have the same issues)
1380	# but the openssl maintainers basically said: "trust us, it just works".	2196	# but the openssl maintainers basically said: "trust us, it just works".
1381	# (unfortunately, we have to hardcode constants because the abysmally misdesigned	2197	# (unfortunately, we have to hardcode constants because the abysmally misdesigned
1382	# and mismaintained ssleay-module doesn't even offer them).	2198	# and mismaintained ssleay-module didn't offer them for a decade or so).
1383	# http://www.mail-archive.com/openssl-dev@openssl.org/msg22420.html	2199	# http://www.mail-archive.com/openssl-dev@openssl.org/msg22420.html
1384	#	2200	#
1385	# in short: this is a mess.	2201	# in short: this is a mess.
1386	#	2202	#
1387	# note that we do not try to kepe the length constant between writes as we are required to do.	2203	# note that we do not try to keep the length constant between writes as we are required to do.
1388	# we assume that most (but not all) of this insanity only applies to non-blocking cases,	2204	# we assume that most (but not all) of this insanity only applies to non-blocking cases,
1389	# and we drive openssl fully in blocking mode here.	2205	# and we drive openssl fully in blocking mode here. Or maybe we don't - openssl seems to
		2206	# have identity issues in that area.
1390	Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_mode ($self->{tls},	2207	# Net::SSLeay::set_mode ($ssl,
1391	(eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; Net::SSLeay::MODE_ENABLE_PARTIAL_WRITE () } || 1)	2208	# (eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; Net::SSLeay::MODE_ENABLE_PARTIAL_WRITE () } || 1)
1392	| (eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; Net::SSLeay::MODE_ACCEPT_MOVING_WRITE_BUFFER () } || 2));	2209	# | (eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; Net::SSLeay::MODE_ACCEPT_MOVING_WRITE_BUFFER () } || 2));
		2210	Net::SSLeay::set_mode ($tls, 1|2);
1393		2211
1394	$self->{_rbio} = Net::SSLeay::BIO_new (Net::SSLeay::BIO_s_mem ());	2212	$self->{_rbio} = Net::SSLeay::BIO_new (Net::SSLeay::BIO_s_mem ());
1395	$self->{_wbio} = Net::SSLeay::BIO_new (Net::SSLeay::BIO_s_mem ());	2213	$self->{_wbio} = Net::SSLeay::BIO_new (Net::SSLeay::BIO_s_mem ());
1396		2214
		2215	Net::SSLeay::BIO_write ($self->{_rbio}, $self->{rbuf});
		2216	$self->{rbuf} = "";
		2217
1397	Net::SSLeay::set_bio ($ssl, $self->{_rbio}, $self->{_wbio});	2218	Net::SSLeay::set_bio ($tls, $self->{_rbio}, $self->{_wbio});
1398		2219
1399	$self->{filter_w} = sub {	2220	$self->{_on_starttls} = sub { $_[0]{on_starttls}(@_) }
1400	$_[0]{_tls_wbuf} .= ${$_[1]};	2221	if $self->{on_starttls};
1401	&_dotls;	2222
1402	};	2223	&_dotls; # need to trigger the initial handshake
1403	$self->{filter_r} = sub {	2224	$self->start_read; # make sure we actually do read
1404	Net::SSLeay::BIO_write ($_[0]{_rbio}, ${$_[1]});
1405	&_dotls;
1406	};
1407	}	2225	}
1408		2226
1409	=item $handle->stoptls	2227	=item $handle->stoptls
1410		2228
1411	Destroys the SSL connection, if any. Partial read or write data will be	2229	Shuts down the SSL connection - this makes a proper EOF handshake by
1412	lost.	2230	sending a close notify to the other side, but since OpenSSL doesn't
		2231	support non-blocking shut downs, it is not guaranteed that you can re-use
		2232	the stream afterwards.
		2233
		2234	This method may invoke callbacks (and therefore the handle might be
		2235	destroyed after it returns).
1413		2236
1414	=cut	2237	=cut
1415		2238
1416	sub stoptls {	2239	sub stoptls {
1417	my ($self) = @_;	2240	my ($self) = @_;
1418		2241
1419	Net::SSLeay::free (delete $self->{tls}) if $self->{tls};	2242	if ($self->{tls} && $self->{fh}) {
		2243	Net::SSLeay::shutdown ($self->{tls});
1420		2244
1421	delete $self->{_rbio};	2245	&_dotls;
1422	delete $self->{_wbio};	2246
1423	delete $self->{_tls_wbuf};	2247	# # we don't give a shit. no, we do, but we can't. no...#d#
1424	delete $self->{filter_r};	2248	# # we, we... have to use openssl :/#d#
1425	delete $self->{filter_w};	2249	# &_freetls;#d#
		2250	}
1426	}	2251	}
		2252
		2253	sub _freetls {
		2254	my ($self) = @_;
		2255
		2256	return unless $self->{tls};
		2257
		2258	$self->{tls_ctx}->_put_session (delete $self->{tls})
		2259	if $self->{tls} > 0;
		2260
		2261	delete @$self{qw(_rbio _wbio _tls_wbuf _on_starttls)};
		2262	}
		2263
		2264	=item $handle->resettls
		2265
		2266	This rarely-used method simply resets and TLS state on the handle, usually
		2267	causing data loss.
		2268
		2269	One case where it may be useful is when you want to skip over the data in
		2270	the stream but you are not interested in interpreting it, so data loss is
		2271	no concern.
		2272
		2273	=cut
		2274
		2275	*resettls = \&_freetls;
1427		2276
1428	sub DESTROY {	2277	sub DESTROY {
1429	my $self = shift;	2278	my ($self) = @_;
1430		2279
1431	$self->stoptls;	2280	&_freetls;
1432		2281
1433	my $linger = exists $self->{linger} ? $self->{linger} : 3600;	2282	my $linger = exists $self->{linger} ? $self->{linger} : 3600;
1434		2283
1435	if ($linger && length $self->{wbuf}) {	2284	if ($linger && length $self->{wbuf} && $self->{fh}) {
1436	my $fh = delete $self->{fh};	2285	my $fh = delete $self->{fh};
1437	my $wbuf = delete $self->{wbuf};	2286	my $wbuf = delete $self->{wbuf};
1438		2287
1439	my @linger;	2288	my @linger;
1440		2289
1441	push @linger, AnyEvent->io (fh => $fh, poll => "w", cb => sub {	2290	push @linger, AE::io $fh, 1, sub {
1442	my $len = syswrite $fh, $wbuf, length $wbuf;	2291	my $len = syswrite $fh, $wbuf, length $wbuf;
1443		2292
1444	if ($len > 0) {	2293	if ($len > 0) {
1445	substr $wbuf, 0, $len, "";	2294	substr $wbuf, 0, $len, "";
1446	} else {	2295	} elsif (defined $len || ($! != EAGAIN && $! != EINTR && $! != EWOULDBLOCK && $! != WSAEWOULDBLOCK)) {
1447	@linger = (); # end	2296	@linger = (); # end
1448	}	2297	}
		2298	};
		2299	push @linger, AE::timer $linger, 0, sub {
		2300	@linger = ();
		2301	};
		2302	}
		2303	}
		2304
		2305	=item $handle->destroy
		2306
		2307	Shuts down the handle object as much as possible - this call ensures that
		2308	no further callbacks will be invoked and as many resources as possible
		2309	will be freed. Any method you will call on the handle object after
		2310	destroying it in this way will be silently ignored (and it will return the
		2311	empty list).
		2312
		2313	Normally, you can just "forget" any references to an AnyEvent::Handle
		2314	object and it will simply shut down. This works in fatal error and EOF
		2315	callbacks, as well as code outside. It does I<NOT> work in a read or write
		2316	callback, so when you want to destroy the AnyEvent::Handle object from
		2317	within such an callback. You I<MUST> call C<< ->destroy >> explicitly in
		2318	that case.
		2319
		2320	Destroying the handle object in this way has the advantage that callbacks
		2321	will be removed as well, so if those are the only reference holders (as
		2322	is common), then one doesn't need to do anything special to break any
		2323	reference cycles.
		2324
		2325	The handle might still linger in the background and write out remaining
		2326	data, as specified by the C<linger> option, however.
		2327
		2328	=cut
		2329
		2330	sub destroy {
		2331	my ($self) = @_;
		2332
		2333	$self->DESTROY;
		2334	%$self = ();
		2335	bless $self, "AnyEvent::Handle::destroyed";
		2336	}
		2337
		2338	sub AnyEvent::Handle::destroyed::AUTOLOAD {
		2339	#nop
		2340	}
		2341
		2342	=item $handle->destroyed
		2343
		2344	Returns false as long as the handle hasn't been destroyed by a call to C<<
		2345	->destroy >>, true otherwise.
		2346
		2347	Can be useful to decide whether the handle is still valid after some
		2348	callback possibly destroyed the handle. For example, C<< ->push_write >>,
		2349	C<< ->starttls >> and other methods can call user callbacks, which in turn
		2350	can destroy the handle, so work can be avoided by checking sometimes:
		2351
		2352	$hdl->starttls ("accept");
		2353	return if $hdl->destroyed;
		2354	$hdl->push_write (...
		2355
		2356	Note that the call to C<push_write> will silently be ignored if the handle
		2357	has been destroyed, so often you can just ignore the possibility of the
		2358	handle being destroyed.
		2359
		2360	=cut
		2361
		2362	sub destroyed { 0 }
		2363	sub AnyEvent::Handle::destroyed::destroyed { 1 }
		2364
		2365	=item AnyEvent::Handle::TLS_CTX
		2366
		2367	This function creates and returns the AnyEvent::TLS object used by default
		2368	for TLS mode.
		2369
		2370	The context is created by calling L<AnyEvent::TLS> without any arguments.
		2371
		2372	=cut
		2373
		2374	our $TLS_CTX;
		2375
		2376	sub TLS_CTX() {
		2377	$TLS_CTX ||= do {
		2378	require AnyEvent::TLS;
		2379
		2380	new AnyEvent::TLS
		2381	}
		2382	}
		2383
		2384	=back
		2385
		2386
		2387	=head1 NONFREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS
		2388
		2389	=over 4
		2390
		2391	=item I C<undef> the AnyEvent::Handle reference inside my callback and
		2392	still get further invocations!
		2393
		2394	That's because AnyEvent::Handle keeps a reference to itself when handling
		2395	read or write callbacks.
		2396
		2397	It is only safe to "forget" the reference inside EOF or error callbacks,
		2398	from within all other callbacks, you need to explicitly call the C<<
		2399	->destroy >> method.
		2400
		2401	=item Why is my C<on_eof> callback never called?
		2402
		2403	Probably because your C<on_error> callback is being called instead: When
		2404	you have outstanding requests in your read queue, then an EOF is
		2405	considered an error as you clearly expected some data.
		2406
		2407	To avoid this, make sure you have an empty read queue whenever your handle
		2408	is supposed to be "idle" (i.e. connection closes are O.K.). You can set
		2409	an C<on_read> handler that simply pushes the first read requests in the
		2410	queue.
		2411
		2412	See also the next question, which explains this in a bit more detail.
		2413
		2414	=item How can I serve requests in a loop?
		2415
		2416	Most protocols consist of some setup phase (authentication for example)
		2417	followed by a request handling phase, where the server waits for requests
		2418	and handles them, in a loop.
		2419
		2420	There are two important variants: The first (traditional, better) variant
		2421	handles requests until the server gets some QUIT command, causing it to
		2422	close the connection first (highly desirable for a busy TCP server). A
		2423	client dropping the connection is an error, which means this variant can
		2424	detect an unexpected detection close.
		2425
		2426	To handle this case, always make sure you have a non-empty read queue, by
		2427	pushing the "read request start" handler on it:
		2428
		2429	# we assume a request starts with a single line
		2430	my @start_request; @start_request = (line => sub {
		2431	my ($hdl, $line) = @_;
		2432
		2433	... handle request
		2434
		2435	# push next request read, possibly from a nested callback
		2436	$hdl->push_read (@start_request);
		2437	});
		2438
		2439	# auth done, now go into request handling loop
		2440	# now push the first @start_request
		2441	$hdl->push_read (@start_request);
		2442
		2443	By always having an outstanding C<push_read>, the handle always expects
		2444	some data and raises the C<EPIPE> error when the connction is dropped
		2445	unexpectedly.
		2446
		2447	The second variant is a protocol where the client can drop the connection
		2448	at any time. For TCP, this means that the server machine may run out of
		2449	sockets easier, and in general, it means you cannot distinguish a protocl
		2450	failure/client crash from a normal connection close. Nevertheless, these
		2451	kinds of protocols are common (and sometimes even the best solution to the
		2452	problem).
		2453
		2454	Having an outstanding read request at all times is possible if you ignore
		2455	C<EPIPE> errors, but this doesn't help with when the client drops the
		2456	connection during a request, which would still be an error.
		2457
		2458	A better solution is to push the initial request read in an C<on_read>
		2459	callback. This avoids an error, as when the server doesn't expect data
		2460	(i.e. is idly waiting for the next request, an EOF will not raise an
		2461	error, but simply result in an C<on_eof> callback. It is also a bit slower
		2462	and simpler:
		2463
		2464	# auth done, now go into request handling loop
		2465	$hdl->on_read (sub {
		2466	my ($hdl) = @_;
		2467
		2468	# called each time we receive data but the read queue is empty
		2469	# simply start read the request
		2470
		2471	$hdl->push_read (line => sub {
		2472	my ($hdl, $line) = @_;
		2473
		2474	... handle request
		2475
		2476	# do nothing special when the request has been handled, just
		2477	# let the request queue go empty.
1449	});	2478	});
1450	push @linger, AnyEvent->timer (after => $linger, cb => sub {
1451	@linger = ();
1452	});	2479	});
		2480
		2481	=item I get different callback invocations in TLS mode/Why can't I pause
		2482	reading?
		2483
		2484	Unlike, say, TCP, TLS connections do not consist of two independent
		2485	communication channels, one for each direction. Or put differently, the
		2486	read and write directions are not independent of each other: you cannot
		2487	write data unless you are also prepared to read, and vice versa.
		2488
		2489	This means that, in TLS mode, you might get C<on_error> or C<on_eof>
		2490	callback invocations when you are not expecting any read data - the reason
		2491	is that AnyEvent::Handle always reads in TLS mode.
		2492
		2493	During the connection, you have to make sure that you always have a
		2494	non-empty read-queue, or an C<on_read> watcher. At the end of the
		2495	connection (or when you no longer want to use it) you can call the
		2496	C<destroy> method.
		2497
		2498	=item How do I read data until the other side closes the connection?
		2499
		2500	If you just want to read your data into a perl scalar, the easiest way
		2501	to achieve this is by setting an C<on_read> callback that does nothing,
		2502	clearing the C<on_eof> callback and in the C<on_error> callback, the data
		2503	will be in C<$_[0]{rbuf}>:
		2504
		2505	$handle->on_read (sub { });
		2506	$handle->on_eof (undef);
		2507	$handle->on_error (sub {
		2508	my $data = delete $_[0]{rbuf};
		2509	});
		2510
		2511	Note that this example removes the C<rbuf> member from the handle object,
		2512	which is not normally allowed by the API. It is expressly permitted in
		2513	this case only, as the handle object needs to be destroyed afterwards.
		2514
		2515	The reason to use C<on_error> is that TCP connections, due to latencies
		2516	and packets loss, might get closed quite violently with an error, when in
		2517	fact all data has been received.
		2518
		2519	It is usually better to use acknowledgements when transferring data,
		2520	to make sure the other side hasn't just died and you got the data
		2521	intact. This is also one reason why so many internet protocols have an
		2522	explicit QUIT command.
		2523
		2524	=item I don't want to destroy the handle too early - how do I wait until
		2525	all data has been written?
		2526
		2527	After writing your last bits of data, set the C<on_drain> callback
		2528	and destroy the handle in there - with the default setting of
		2529	C<low_water_mark> this will be called precisely when all data has been
		2530	written to the socket:
		2531
		2532	$handle->push_write (...);
		2533	$handle->on_drain (sub {
		2534	AE::log debug => "All data submitted to the kernel.";
		2535	undef $handle;
		2536	});
		2537
		2538	If you just want to queue some data and then signal EOF to the other side,
		2539	consider using C<< ->push_shutdown >> instead.
		2540
		2541	=item I want to contact a TLS/SSL server, I don't care about security.
		2542
		2543	If your TLS server is a pure TLS server (e.g. HTTPS) that only speaks TLS,
		2544	connect to it and then create the AnyEvent::Handle with the C<tls>
		2545	parameter:
		2546
		2547	tcp_connect $host, $port, sub {
		2548	my ($fh) = @_;
		2549
		2550	my $handle = new AnyEvent::Handle
		2551	fh => $fh,
		2552	tls => "connect",
		2553	on_error => sub { ... };
		2554
		2555	$handle->push_write (...);
1453	}	2556	};
1454	}
1455		2557
1456	=item AnyEvent::Handle::TLS_CTX	2558	=item I want to contact a TLS/SSL server, I do care about security.
1457		2559
1458	This function creates and returns the Net::SSLeay::CTX object used by	2560	Then you should additionally enable certificate verification, including
1459	default for TLS mode.	2561	peername verification, if the protocol you use supports it (see
		2562	L<AnyEvent::TLS>, C<verify_peername>).
1460		2563
1461	The context is created like this:	2564	E.g. for HTTPS:
1462		2565
1463	Net::SSLeay::load_error_strings;	2566	tcp_connect $host, $port, sub {
1464	Net::SSLeay::SSLeay_add_ssl_algorithms;	2567	my ($fh) = @_;
1465	Net::SSLeay::randomize;
1466		2568
1467	my $CTX = Net::SSLeay::CTX_new;	2569	my $handle = new AnyEvent::Handle
		2570	fh => $fh,
		2571	peername => $host,
		2572	tls => "connect",
		2573	tls_ctx => { verify => 1, verify_peername => "https" },
		2574	...
1468		2575
1469	Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_options $CTX, Net::SSLeay::OP_ALL	2576	Note that you must specify the hostname you connected to (or whatever
		2577	"peername" the protocol needs) as the C<peername> argument, otherwise no
		2578	peername verification will be done.
1470		2579
1471	=cut	2580	The above will use the system-dependent default set of trusted CA
		2581	certificates. If you want to check against a specific CA, add the
		2582	C<ca_file> (or C<ca_cert>) arguments to C<tls_ctx>:
1472		2583
1473	our $TLS_CTX;	2584	tls_ctx => {
		2585	verify => 1,
		2586	verify_peername => "https",
		2587	ca_file => "my-ca-cert.pem",
		2588	},
1474		2589
1475	sub TLS_CTX() {	2590	=item I want to create a TLS/SSL server, how do I do that?
1476	$TLS_CTX || do {
1477	require Net::SSLeay;
1478		2591
1479	Net::SSLeay::load_error_strings ();	2592	Well, you first need to get a server certificate and key. You have
1480	Net::SSLeay::SSLeay_add_ssl_algorithms ();	2593	three options: a) ask a CA (buy one, use cacert.org etc.) b) create a
1481	Net::SSLeay::randomize ();	2594	self-signed certificate (cheap. check the search engine of your choice,
		2595	there are many tutorials on the net) or c) make your own CA (tinyca2 is a
		2596	nice program for that purpose).
1482		2597
1483	$TLS_CTX = Net::SSLeay::CTX_new ();	2598	Then create a file with your private key (in PEM format, see
		2599	L<AnyEvent::TLS>), followed by the certificate (also in PEM format). The
		2600	file should then look like this:
1484		2601
1485	Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_options ($TLS_CTX, Net::SSLeay::OP_ALL ());	2602	-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
		2603	...header data
		2604	... lots of base64'y-stuff
		2605	-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
1486		2606
1487	$TLS_CTX	2607	-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
1488	}	2608	... lots of base64'y-stuff
1489	}	2609	-----END CERTIFICATE-----
		2610
		2611	The important bits are the "PRIVATE KEY" and "CERTIFICATE" parts. Then
		2612	specify this file as C<cert_file>:
		2613
		2614	tcp_server undef, $port, sub {
		2615	my ($fh) = @_;
		2616
		2617	my $handle = new AnyEvent::Handle
		2618	fh => $fh,
		2619	tls => "accept",
		2620	tls_ctx => { cert_file => "my-server-keycert.pem" },
		2621	...
		2622
		2623	When you have intermediate CA certificates that your clients might not
		2624	know about, just append them to the C<cert_file>.
1490		2625
1491	=back	2626	=back
1492		2627
1493	=head1 SUBCLASSING AnyEvent::Handle	2628	=head1 SUBCLASSING AnyEvent::Handle
1494		2629
…		…
1513		2648
1514	=item * all members not documented here and not prefixed with an underscore	2649	=item * all members not documented here and not prefixed with an underscore
1515	are free to use in subclasses.	2650	are free to use in subclasses.
1516		2651
1517	Of course, new versions of AnyEvent::Handle may introduce more "public"	2652	Of course, new versions of AnyEvent::Handle may introduce more "public"
1518	member variables, but thats just life, at least it is documented.	2653	member variables, but that's just life. At least it is documented.
1519		2654
1520	=back	2655	=back
1521		2656
1522	=head1 AUTHOR	2657	=head1 AUTHOR
1523		2658
1524	Robin Redeker C<< <elmex at ta-sa.org> >>, Marc Lehmann <schmorp@schmorp.de>.	2659	Robin Redeker C<< <elmex at ta-sa.org> >>, Marc Lehmann <schmorp@schmorp.de>.
1525		2660
1526	=cut	2661	=cut
1527		2662
1528	1; # End of AnyEvent::Handle	2663	1
		2664

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