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1.1 |
NAME |
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1.3 |
Linux::Clone - an interface to the linux clone, unshare, setns, |
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pivot_root and kcmp syscalls |
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SYNOPSIS |
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use Linux::Clone; |
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DESCRIPTION |
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1.4 |
This module exposes the linux clone(2), unshare(2) and some related |
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syscalls to Perl. |
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1.1 |
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$retval = unshare $flags |
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The following CLONE_ flag values (without CLONE_ prefix) are |
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supported for unshare, if found, in this release. See the |
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documentation for unshare(2) for more info on what they do: |
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Linux::Clone::FILES |
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Linux::Clone::FS |
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Linux::Clone::NEWNS (in unshare, implies FS) |
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Linux::Clone::VM (in unshare, implies SIGHAND) |
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Linux::Clone::THREAD (in unshare, implies VM, SIGHAND) |
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Linux::Clone::SIGHAND |
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Linux::Clone::SYSVSEM |
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Linux::Clone::NEWUSER (in unshare, implies CLONE_THREAD) |
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Linux::Clone::NEWPID |
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Linux::Clone::NEWUTS |
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Linux::Clone::NEWIPC |
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Linux::Clone::NEWNET |
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Linux::Clone::NEWCGROUP |
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Linux::Clone::NEWTIME |
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Example: unshare the network namespace and prove that by calling |
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1.4 |
ifconfig, showing only the unconfigured lo interface. |
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Linux::Clone::unshare Linux::Clone::NEWNET |
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and "unshare: $!"; |
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Linux::Clone::configure_loopback; |
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system "ifconfig"; |
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Example: unshare the network namespace, initialise the loopback |
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interface, create a veth interface pair, put one interface into the |
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parent processes namespace (use ifconfig -a from another shell), |
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configure the other interface with 192.168.99.2 -> 192.168.99.1 and |
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start a shell. |
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use Linux::Clone; |
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# unshare our network namespace |
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Linux::Clone::unshare Linux::Clone::NEWNET |
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and "unshare: $!"; |
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1.4 |
Linux::Clone::configure_loopback; |
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my $ppid = getppid; |
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system " |
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# create veth pair |
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ip link add name veth_master type veth peer name veth_slave |
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# move veth_master to our parent process' namespace |
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ip link set veth_master netns $ppid |
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# configure the local interface |
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ip link set veth_slave up |
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ip addr add 192.168.99.2/32 dev veth_slave |
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ip route add 192.168.99.1/32 dev veth_slave |
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"; |
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print <<EOF; |
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say hi to your new network namespace, use exit to return. |
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try this from another shell to get networking up: |
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ip link set veth_master up |
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ip addr add 192.168.99.1/32 dev veth_master |
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ip route add 192.168.99.2/32 dev veth_master |
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EOF |
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system "bash"; |
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Example: unshare the filesystem namespace and make a confusing bind |
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mount only visible to the current process. |
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use Linux::Clone; |
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Linux::Clone::unshare Linux::Clone::NEWNS |
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and die "unshare: $!"; |
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1.4 |
# now bind-mount /lib over /etc and ls -l /etc - looks scary |
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1.1 |
system "mount -n --bind /lib /etc"; |
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system "ls -l /etc"; |
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$retval = Linux::Clone::clone $coderef, $stacksize, $flags[, $ptid, |
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$tls, $ctid] |
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Clones a new process as specified via $flags and calls $coderef |
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without any arguments (a closure might help you if you need to pass |
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arguments without global variables). The return value from coderef |
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is returned to the system. |
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The $stacksize specifies how large a stack to allocate for the |
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child. If it is 0, then a default stack size (currently 4MB) will be |
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allocated. There is currently no way to free this area again in the |
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child. |
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$ptid, if specified, will receive the thread id, $tls, if specified, |
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must contain a "struct user_desc" and $ctid is currently totally |
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unsupported and must not be specified. |
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Since this call basically bypasses both perl and your libc (for |
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example, $$ might reflect the parent *or* child pid in the child), |
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you need to be very careful when using this call, which means you |
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should probably have a very good understanding of perl memory |
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management and how fork and clone work. |
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The following flags are supported for clone, in addition to all |
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flags supported by "unshare", above, and a signal number. When in |
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doubt, refer to the clone(2) manual page. |
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Linux::Clone::PTRACE |
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Linux::Clone::VFORK |
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Linux::Clone::SETTLS (not yet implemented) |
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Linux::Clone::PARENT_SETTID (not yet implemented) |
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Linux::Clone::CHILD_SETTID (not yet implemented) |
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Linux::Clone::CHILD_CLEARTID (not yet implemented) |
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1.4 |
Linux::Clone::PIDFD (not yet implemented) |
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1.1 |
Linux::Clone::DETACHED |
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Linux::Clone::UNTRACED |
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Linux::Clone::IO |
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1.4 |
Linux::Clone::CSIGNAL exit signal mask |
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1.1 |
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Note that for practical reasons you basically must not use |
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"Linux::Clone::VM" or "Linux::Clone::VFORK", as perl is unlikely to |
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cope with that. |
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This is the glibc clone call, it cannot be used to emulate fork. |
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Example: do a fork-like clone, sharing nothing, slightly confusing |
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perl and your libc, and exit immediately. |
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my $pid = Linux::Clone::clone sub { warn "in child"; 77 }, 0, POSIX::SIGCHLD; |
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1.2 |
Linux::Clone::setns $fh_or_fd[, $nstype] |
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Calls setns(2) on the file descriptor (or file handle) $fh_or_fd. If |
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$nstype is missing, then 0 is used. |
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The argument $nstype can be 0, "Linux::Clone::NEWIPC", |
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1.4 |
"Linux::Clone::NEWNET", "Linux::Clone::NEWUTS", |
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1.3 |
"Linux::Clone::NEWCGROUP", "Linux::Clone::NEWNS", |
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"Linux::Clone::NEWPID" or "Linux::Clone::NEWUSER". |
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Linux::Clone::pivot_root $new_root, $old_root |
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Calls pivot_root(2) - refer to its manpage for details. |
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Linux::Clone::kcmp $pid1, $pid2, $type[, $idx1, $idx2] |
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Calls kcmp(2) - refer to its manpage for details on operations. |
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The following $type constants are available if the kcmp syscall |
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number was available during compilation: |
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"Linux::Clone::KCMP_FILE", "Linux::Clone::KCMP_VM", |
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"Linux::Clone::KCMP_FILES", "Linux::Clone::KCMP_FS", |
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1.4 |
"Linux::Clone::KCMP_SIGHAND", "Linux::Clone::KCMP_IO", |
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"Linux::Clone::KCMP_SYSVSEM" and "Linux::Clone::KCMP_EPOLL_TFD". |
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Linux::Clone::configure_loopback |
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Configures a working loopback interface (basically, does the |
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equivalent of "ifconfig lo up" which automatically adds ipv4/ipv6 |
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addresses and routes), which can be useful to get a network |
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namespace going. |
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Dies on error and returns nothing. |
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"ioctl" symbols |
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The following ioctl symbols are also provided by this module (see |
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ioctl_ns(8)). |
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Linux::Clone::NS_GET_USERNS |
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Linux::Clone::NS_GET_PARENT |
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Linux::Clone::NS_GET_NSTYPE |
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Linux::Clone::NS_OWNER_UID |
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SEE ALSO |
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IO::AIO has some related functions, such as "pidfd_send_signal", and |
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some unrelated functions that might be useful. |
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namspaces(7), cgroup_namespaces(7), pid_namespaces(7), |
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user_namespaces(7), time_namespaces(7), ip-netns(8), switch_root(8), |
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ioctl_ns(2), lsns(8)Q |
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1.2 |
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1.1 |
AUTHOR |
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Marc Lehmann <schmorp@schmorp.de> |
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http://home.schmorp.de/ |
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