gvpe/doc/gvpe.osdep.5.pod

=head1 NAME

gvpe.osdep - os dependent information

=head1 DESCRIPTION

This file tries to capture OS-dependent configuration or build issues,
quirks and platform limitations, as known.

=head1 TUN vs. TAP interface

Most operating systems nowadays support something called a
I<tunnel>-device, which makes it possible to divert IPv4 (and often other
protocols, too) into a userspace daemon like C<gvpe>. This is being
referred to as a TUN-device.

This is fine for point-to-point tunnels, but for a virtual ethernet, an
additional ethernet header is needed. This functionality (called a TAP
device here) is only provided by a subset of the configurations.

On platforms only supporting a TUN-device, gvpe will invoke it's magical
ethernet emulation package, which currently only handles ARP requests for
the IPv4 protocol (but more could be added, bu the tincd network drivers
might need to be modified for this to work). This means that on those
platforms, only IPv4 will be supported.

Also, since there is no way (currently) to tell gvpe which IP subnets are
found on a specific host, you will either need to hardwire the MAC address
for TUN-style hosts on all networks (and avoid ARP altogether, which is
possible), or you need to send a packet from these hosts into the vpn
network to tell gvpe the local interface address.

=head1 Interface Initialisation

Unless otherwise notes, the network interface will be initialized with the
expected MAC address and correct MTU value. With most interface drivers,
this is done by running C</sbin/ifconfig>, so make sure that this command
exists.

=head1 Interface Types

=head2 native/linux

TAP-device; already part of the kernel (only 2.4+ supported, but see
tincd/linux). This is the configuration tested best, as gvpe is being
developed on this platform.

C<ifname> should be set to the name of the network device.

To hardwire ARP addresses, use iproute2 (C<arp> can do it, too):

  MAC=fe:fd:80:00:00:$(printf "%02x" $NODEID)
  ip neighbour add 10.11.12.13 lladdr $MAC nud permanent dev $IFNAME

=head2 tincd/linux

TAP-device; already part of the kernel (2.2 only). See
C<native/linux> for more info.

C<ifname> should be set to the path of a tap device,
e.g. C</dev/tap0>. The interface will be named accordingly.

=head2 native/cygwin

TAP-device; The TAP device to be used must either be the CIPE driver
(C<http://cipe-win32.sourceforge.net/>), or (highly recommended) the newer
TAP-Win32 driver bundled with openvpn (http://openvpn.sf.net/). Just
download and run the openvpn installer. The only option you need to select
is the TAP driver.

C<ifname> should be set to the name of the device, found in the registry
at (no kidding :):

      HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Network\{4D36E972-E325-11CE-BFC1-08002BE10318}\<adapterid>\Connection\Name

The MAC address is dynamically being patched into packets and
ARP-requests, so only IPv4 works with ARP on this platform.

=head2 tincd/freebsd

TAP-device; part of the kernel (since 4.x, maybe earlier).

C<ifname> should be set to the path of a tap device,
e.g. C</dev/tap0>. The interface will be named accordingly.

These commands might be helpful examples:

  ifconfig $IFNAME 10.0.0.$NODEID
  route add -net 10.0.0.0 -netmask 255.255.255.0 -interface $IFNAME 10.0.0.$NODEID

=head2 tincd/netbsd

TUN-device; The interface is a point-to-point device. To initialize it,
you currently need to configure it as a point-to-point device, giving it
an address on your vpn (the exact address doesn't matter), like this:

  ifconfig $IFNAME mtu $MTU up
  ifconfig $IFNAME 10.11.12.13 10.55.66.77
  route add -net 10.0.0.0 10.55.66.77 255.0.0.0
  ping -c1 10.55.66.77 # ping once to tell gvpe your gw ip

The ping is required to tell the ARP emulator inside GVPE the local IP
address.

C<ifname> should be set to the path of a tun device,
e.g. C</dev/tun0>. The interface will be named accordingly.

=head2 tincd/openbsd

TUN-device; already part of the kernel. See C<tincd/netbsd> for more information.

=head2 native/darwin

TAP-device;

The necessary kernel extension can be found here:

  http://www-user.rhrk.uni-kl.de/~nissler/tuntap/

There are two drivers, the one to use is the "tap" driver. It driver must
be loaded before use, read the docs on how to install it as a startup
item.

C<ifname> should be set to the path of a tap device,
e.g. C</dev/tap0>. The interface will be named accordingly.

These commands might be helpful examples:

  ifconfig $IFNAME 10.0.0.$NODEID
  route add -net 10.0.0.0 -interface $IFNAME 255.255.255.0

=head2 tincd/darwin

TUN-device; See C<tincd/netbsd> for more information. C<native/darwin> is
preferable.

The necessary kernel extension can be found here:

  http://chrisp.de/en/projects/tunnel.html

C<ifname> should be set to the path of a tun device,
e.g. C</dev/tun0>. The interface will be named accordingly.

The driver must be loaded before use:

  kmodload tunnel

=head2 tincd/solaris

TUN-device; already part of the kernel(?), or available here:

  http://vtun.sourceforge.net/tun/

Some precompiled tun drivers might be available here:

  http://www.monkey.org/~dugsong/fragroute/

The interface MAC and MTU are I<NOT> set up for you. Please try it out and
send me an C<ifconfig> command invocation that does that.

See C<tincd/netbsd> for more information.

Completely unstested so far.

=head2 tincd/mingw

TAP-device; see C<native/cygwin> for more information.

The setup is likely to be similar to C<native/cygwin>.

Completely untested so far.

=head2 tincd/raw_socket

TAP-device; purpose unknown and untested, probably binds itself on an
existing ethernet device (given by C<ifname>). It must be down prior to
running the command, and GVPE will try to set it's MAC address and MTU to
the "correct" values.

Completely untested so far.

=head2 tincd/uml_socket

TAP-device; purpose unknown and untested, probably creates a unix datagram
socket (path given by C<ifname>) and reads and writes raw packets, so
might be useful in other than UML contexts.

No network interface is created, and the MAC and MTU must be set as
approriate on the other side of the socket.  GVPE will exit if the MAC
address doesn't match what it expects.

Completely untested so far.

=head2 tincd/cygwin

Known to be broken, use C<native/cygwin> instead.

=head1 SEE ALSO

gvpe(5).

=head1 AUTHOR

Marc Lehmann <gvpe@plan9.de>

Revision:	1.9
Committed:	Fri Mar 25 15:38:07 2005 UTC (19 years, 2 months ago) by pcg
Branch:	MAIN
Changes since 1.8:	+6 -4 lines
Log Message:	* empty log message *
#	User	Rev	Content
1	pcg	1.1	=head1 NAME
2
3			gvpe.osdep - os dependent information
4
5			=head1 DESCRIPTION
6
7			This file tries to capture OS-dependent configuration or build issues,
8			quirks and platform limitations, as known.
9
10	pcg	1.9	=head1 TUN vs. TAP interface
11	pcg	1.1
12			Most operating systems nowadays support something called a
13			I<tunnel>-device, which makes it possible to divert IPv4 (and often other
14			protocols, too) into a userspace daemon like C<gvpe>. This is being
15			referred to as a TUN-device.
16
17			This is fine for point-to-point tunnels, but for a virtual ethernet, an
18			additional ethernet header is needed. This functionality (called a TAP
19			device here) is only provided by a subset of the configurations.
20
21			On platforms only supporting a TUN-device, gvpe will invoke it's magical
22			ethernet emulation package, which currently only handles ARP requests for
23			the IPv4 protocol (but more could be added, bu the tincd network drivers
24			might need to be modified for this to work). This means that on those
25			platforms, only IPv4 will be supported.
26
27			Also, since there is no way (currently) to tell gvpe which IP subnets are
28			found on a specific host, you will either need to hardwire the MAC address
29			for TUN-style hosts on all networks (and avoid ARP altogether, which is
30			possible), or you need to send a packet from these hosts into the vpn
31			network to tell gvpe the local interface address.
32
33	pcg	1.9	=head1 Interface Initialisation
34	pcg	1.8
35	pcg	1.9	Unless otherwise notes, the network interface will be initialized with the
36			expected MAC address and correct MTU value. With most interface drivers,
37	pcg	1.8	this is done by running C</sbin/ifconfig>, so make sure that this command
38			exists.
39
40	pcg	1.9	=head1 Interface Types
41
42	pcg	1.1	=head2 native/linux
43
44	pcg	1.3	TAP-device; already part of the kernel (only 2.4+ supported, but see
45	pcg	1.1	tincd/linux). This is the configuration tested best, as gvpe is being
46			developed on this platform.
47
48	pcg	1.8	C<ifname> should be set to the name of the network device.
49	pcg	1.1
50	pcg	1.4	To hardwire ARP addresses, use iproute2 (C<arp> can do it, too):
51	pcg	1.1
52			MAC=fe:fd:80:00:00:$(printf "%02x" $NODEID)
53			ip neighbour add 10.11.12.13 lladdr $MAC nud permanent dev $IFNAME
54
55			=head2 tincd/linux
56
57	pcg	1.8	TAP-device; already part of the kernel (2.2 only). See
58	pcg	1.3	C<native/linux> for more info.
59	pcg	1.1
60	pcg	1.8	C<ifname> should be set to the path of a tap device,
61			e.g. C</dev/tap0>. The interface will be named accordingly.
62
63	pcg	1.1	=head2 native/cygwin
64
65	pcg	1.3	TAP-device; The TAP device to be used must either be the CIPE driver
66			(C<http://cipe-win32.sourceforge.net/>), or (highly recommended) the newer
67			TAP-Win32 driver bundled with openvpn (http://openvpn.sf.net/). Just
68			download and run the openvpn installer. The only option you need to select
69			is the TAP driver.
70
71	pcg	1.8	C<ifname> should be set to the name of the device, found in the registry
72			at (no kidding :):
73
74			HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Network\{4D36E972-E325-11CE-BFC1-08002BE10318}\<adapterid>\Connection\Name
75
76			The MAC address is dynamically being patched into packets and
77			ARP-requests, so only IPv4 works with ARP on this platform.
78	pcg	1.1
79			=head2 tincd/freebsd
80
81	pcg	1.8	TAP-device; part of the kernel (since 4.x, maybe earlier).
82	pcg	1.1
83	pcg	1.8	C<ifname> should be set to the path of a tap device,
84			e.g. C</dev/tap0>. The interface will be named accordingly.
85	pcg	1.1
86	pcg	1.7	These commands might be helpful examples:
87
88			ifconfig $IFNAME 10.0.0.$NODEID
89			route add -net 10.0.0.0 -netmask 255.255.255.0 -interface $IFNAME 10.0.0.$NODEID
90
91	pcg	1.1	=head2 tincd/netbsd
92
93	pcg	1.8	TUN-device; The interface is a point-to-point device. To initialize it,
94			you currently need to configure it as a point-to-point device, giving it
95			an address on your vpn (the exact address doesn't matter), like this:
96	pcg	1.1
97			ifconfig $IFNAME mtu $MTU up
98			ifconfig $IFNAME 10.11.12.13 10.55.66.77
99			route add -net 10.0.0.0 10.55.66.77 255.0.0.0
100			ping -c1 10.55.66.77 # ping once to tell gvpe your gw ip
101
102	pcg	1.8	The ping is required to tell the ARP emulator inside GVPE the local IP
103			address.
104
105			C<ifname> should be set to the path of a tun device,
106			e.g. C</dev/tun0>. The interface will be named accordingly.
107
108	pcg	1.1	=head2 tincd/openbsd
109
110	pcg	1.3	TUN-device; already part of the kernel. See C<tincd/netbsd> for more information.
111	pcg	1.1
112	pcg	1.6	=head2 native/darwin
113	pcg	1.1
114	pcg	1.6	TAP-device;
115	pcg	1.1
116			The necessary kernel extension can be found here:
117
118	pcg	1.6	http://www-user.rhrk.uni-kl.de/~nissler/tuntap/
119
120			There are two drivers, the one to use is the "tap" driver. It driver must
121	pcg	1.7	be loaded before use, read the docs on how to install it as a startup
122			item.
123
124	pcg	1.8	C<ifname> should be set to the path of a tap device,
125			e.g. C</dev/tap0>. The interface will be named accordingly.
126	pcg	1.7
127			These commands might be helpful examples:
128
129			ifconfig $IFNAME 10.0.0.$NODEID
130			route add -net 10.0.0.0 -interface $IFNAME 255.255.255.0
131	pcg	1.6
132			=head2 tincd/darwin
133	pcg	1.1
134	pcg	1.6	TUN-device; See C<tincd/netbsd> for more information. C<native/darwin> is
135			preferable.
136	pcg	1.3
137	pcg	1.6	The necessary kernel extension can be found here:
138	pcg	1.3
139	pcg	1.6	http://chrisp.de/en/projects/tunnel.html
140	pcg	1.5
141	pcg	1.8	C<ifname> should be set to the path of a tun device,
142			e.g. C</dev/tun0>. The interface will be named accordingly.
143
144	pcg	1.5	The driver must be loaded before use:
145
146			kmodload tunnel
147	pcg	1.3
148	pcg	1.1	=head2 tincd/solaris
149
150	pcg	1.7	TUN-device; already part of the kernel(?), or available here:
151	pcg	1.5
152			http://vtun.sourceforge.net/tun/
153
154			Some precompiled tun drivers might be available here:
155
156			http://www.monkey.org/~dugsong/fragroute/
157
158	pcg	1.8	The interface MAC and MTU are I<NOT> set up for you. Please try it out and
159			send me an C<ifconfig> command invocation that does that.
160
161	pcg	1.5	See C<tincd/netbsd> for more information.
162
163			Completely unstested so far.
164	pcg	1.1
165			=head2 tincd/mingw
166
167	pcg	1.5	TAP-device; see C<native/cygwin> for more information.
168
169	pcg	1.8	The setup is likely to be similar to C<native/cygwin>.
170
171	pcg	1.5	Completely untested so far.
172
173			=head2 tincd/raw_socket
174
175			TAP-device; purpose unknown and untested, probably binds itself on an
176	pcg	1.8	existing ethernet device (given by C<ifname>). It must be down prior to
177			running the command, and GVPE will try to set it's MAC address and MTU to
178			the "correct" values.
179
180			Completely untested so far.
181	pcg	1.5
182			=head2 tincd/uml_socket
183
184			TAP-device; purpose unknown and untested, probably creates a unix datagram
185			socket (path given by C<ifname>) and reads and writes raw packets, so
186			might be useful in other than UML contexts.
187	pcg	1.1
188	pcg	1.8	No network interface is created, and the MAC and MTU must be set as
189			approriate on the other side of the socket. GVPE will exit if the MAC
190			address doesn't match what it expects.
191
192			Completely untested so far.
193
194	pcg	1.1	=head2 tincd/cygwin
195
196	pcg	1.5	Known to be broken, use C<native/cygwin> instead.
197	pcg	1.1
198			=head1 SEE ALSO
199
200			gvpe(5).
201
202			=head1 AUTHOR
203
204			Marc Lehmann <gvpe@plan9.de>
205